Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN THAILAND: A LARGE-SCALE SCREENING AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE STANDARD DETECTION METHODS.
Sanprasert V, Srichaipon N, Bunkasem U … +2 more , Srirungruang S, Nuchprayoon S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29634157
A significant impact of intestinal parasitic infections on public health has mostly been neglected. Parasitic infections are one of risk factors for malnutrition in children. In this study, a large-scale screening of int...
A significant impact of intestinal parasitic infections on public health has mostly been neglected. Parasitic infections are one of risk factors for malnutrition in children. In this study, a large-scale screening of intestinal parasitic infections among children in 16 schools in 6 regions of Thailand was performed. In addition, we compared sensitivity of methods currently employed for detection of intestinal parasitic infection. Fecal samples collected from 1,909 students were examined for intestinal parasites by simple smear, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration (FECT), and Locke-egg-serum (LES) medium culture methods. Seven hundred and thirteen samples were infected with at least one intestinal parasite. The highest prevalence (82.8%) was found in Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Blastocystis spp was the most common (32.8%) parasite, followed by Giardia duodenalis (4.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (3.6%), hookworms (1.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (0.7%), Trichuris trichiura (0.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%), minute intestinal flukes (0.2%), and Taenia spp (0.1%). Mixed parasitic infections were found in 121 students. In a comparative study, we found that FECT was more sensitive (74.0%) than simple smear (55.0%) method for detecting helminths. However, sensitivity of these two methods is not significantly different for protozoan detection (31.2% by simple smear and 33.5% by FECT). LES culture technique was the most sensitive method (77.5%) for detecting Blastocystis spp. Our results indicate a high prevalence of intestinal parasite infection among Thai students. More sensitive methods should be developed for a large-scale screening of intestinal protozoan infection.
FLUORIDE CONTENT OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE BOTTLED DRINKING WATER IN BANGKOK, THAILAND.
Rirattanapong P, Rirattanapong O
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620825
The use of bottled drinking water may be a source of fluoride and could be a risk factor for fluorosis among infants and young children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride content of commercially availabl...
The use of bottled drinking water may be a source of fluoride and could be a risk factor for fluorosis among infants and young children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride content of commercially available bottled drinking water in Bangkok, Thailand. Forty-five water samples (15 samples of plain water and 30 samples of mineral water) were purchased from several supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. Three bottles of each water sample were purchased, and the fluoride content of each sample was measured twice using a combination fluoride-ion selective electrode. The average reading for each sample was then calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Differences between mineral and plain water samples were determined by Student’s t-test. The mean (±SD) fluoride content for all the water samples was 0.17 (±0.17) mg F/l (range: 0.01-0.89 mg F/l). Six brands (13%) tested stated the fluoride content on the label. The actual fluoride content in each of their brands varied little from the label. Eight samples (18%) had a fluoride content >0.3 mg F/l and two samples (4%) had a fluoride content >0.6 mg F/l. The mean mineral water fluoride concentration was significantly higher than the mean fluoride concentration of plain water (p=0.001). We found commercially sold bottled drinking water in Bangkok, Thailand contained varying concentrations of fluoride; some with high concentrations of fluoride. Health professions need to be aware this varying fluoride content of bottled drinking water and educate the parents of infants and small children about this when prescribing fluoride supplements. Consideration should be made to have fluoride content put on the label of bottled water especially among brands with a content >0.3 mg F/l.
PREVALENCE, SEVERITY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DENTAL FLUOROSIS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 8-10 YEARS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND.
Nakornchai S, Hopattaraput P, Vichayanrat T
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620824
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with dental fluorosis in permanent incisors among children aged 8-10 years in Bangkok, Thailand. We studied 707 children selected by stratified randomiza...
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with dental fluorosis in permanent incisors among children aged 8-10 years in Bangkok, Thailand. We studied 707 children selected by stratified randomization and examined each of them to determine their Dean’s fluorosis index. Parents of the studied children were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The study was conducted from July to October 2014. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to study the association between various factors and fluorosis among study subjects. Dental fluorosis was found in 18.4% of subjects. Sixteen point one percent and 2.3% of 707 subjects had very mild fluorosis and mild fluorosis, respectively. Factors significantly associated with dental fluorosis were family income (aOR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.10-2.86, p=0.02) and history of taking fluoride supplements (aOR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.07-2.61, p=0.03). This study indicated that the prevalence of fluorosis had increased in Bangkok, but the majority was very mild level.
A 3-MONTH STUDY OF FLUORIDE RELEASE FROM DIFFERENT CALCIUM PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE VARNISHES ON PRIMARY TEETH.
Rirattanapong P, Vongsavan K, Saengsirinavin C … +1 more , Jantarakam N
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620823
A range of dental varnishes containing several calcium and phosphate compounds in addition to fluoride to promote remineralization have recently been commercialized. However, the fluoride varnish in the presence of calci...
A range of dental varnishes containing several calcium and phosphate compounds in addition to fluoride to promote remineralization have recently been commercialized. However, the fluoride varnish in the presence of calcium and phosphate can react to form relative poorly soluble phases and its bioavailability. Most of previous studies have focused on fluoride release over a short period. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fluoride release from different fluoride varnishes on primary teeth during 3 months. Twenty-five sound primary incisors were randomly divided into five groups: Group A-control group (no treatment), Group B - 5% sodium fluoride varnish (5%NaF)(Duraphat®), Group C-5% sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate varnish (5%NaF+TCP)(ClinproTM White), Group D- 5% sodium fluoride plus amorphous calcium phosphate varnish (5%NaF+ACP)(Enamel Pro®), and Group E-5% sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate varnish (5%NaF+TCP)(Mahidol). The samples were then immersed in artificial saliva at room temperature until used. The concentration of fluoride released was measured with F-ion-specific electrode at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours and then weekly for three months. To analyze the results, we used the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a 95% level of confidence. Group E had the greatest initial fluoride release within the first 24 hours and Group B had the lowest initial release fluoride of the treatment groups. Group B had a slower rate of decline in fluoride release over time than the other treatment groups. By 3 months, the varnishes with the highest to the lowest release of fluoride were Group B=C>E>D>A. All the treatment samples released more fluoride than the control group. Duraphat®(5%NaF) and Clinprotm(5%NaF+TCP) had the highest release of fluoride at 3-month evaluation. The TCP fluoride varnish released more fluoride than the ACP fluoride varnish by 3 months.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING BETEL NUT CHEWING AMONG ADULTS IN WEST INSEIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON, MYANMAR.
Myint SK, Narksawat K, Sillabutra J
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620822
Betel nut chewing can cause precancerous oral lesions and is common in Myanmar. We conducted a cross sectional study aimed to estimate prevalence and factors influencing betel nut chewing among 420 subjects aged ≥18 year...
Betel nut chewing can cause precancerous oral lesions and is common in Myanmar. We conducted a cross sectional study aimed to estimate prevalence and factors influencing betel nut chewing among 420 subjects aged ≥18 years in West Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar in order to inform preventive health programs. The mean age of the study subjects was 45(±15) years. The overall prevalence of current betel nut chewing among study subjects was 55.2%. The mean age starting betel nut chewing was 29(±13) years, and the mean duration of chewing was 15(±13) years. The reasons given by study subjects for chewing betel nut included the addictive effect to betel nut, to release tension, to get rid of boredom and to stop smoking. Sixty-two point three percent of current betel nut chewers also chewed tobacco and 24.2% also smoked cigarettes. Factors significantly associated with betel nut chewing were male gender, current alcohol consumer, having no education or finishing primary or secondary school, having a low score regarding their attitude about the health effects of betel nut chewing, and having high score on interpersonal factors by family and peer pressure. Our results show a need to better educate the public about the health effects of betel nut chewing among the study population.
EFFECT OF INSTITUTION-BASED MANAGEMENT FOR ELDERLY HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM IN NORTHEASTERN THAILAND.
Sombateyotha K, Pichainarong N, Schelp FP … +1 more , Homchampa P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620821
The increasingly aging population raises a major challenge for health care in Thailand and worldwide. Health promotion has been considered a strategy for improving elderly quality of life. There are a small number of eld...
The increasingly aging population raises a major challenge for health care in Thailand and worldwide. Health promotion has been considered a strategy for improving elderly quality of life. There are a small number of elderly people living in government elderly services in Thailand, and little is known about their health promotion behaviors and how these behaviors have been shaped in an institution-based setting. This study aimed to examine the current situation and effectiveness of the Institution-based Management for Elderly Health Promotion (IBM-EHP) program in enhancing the health and health promotion behaviors of the elderly living in two out of five government elderly home service institutes (GEHSI) in northeastern Thailand. The elderly participants in one GEHSI were assigned into the management group and received the IBM-EHP program (n=60), and those in another GEHSI were in the control group and received the usual care provided by the institution (n=55). Before and after (six months) the program implementation, assessments of knowledge, self-efficacy, received social support, health promotion behaviors, and health status depicted by fasting plasma glucose level and lipid profile of the participants in both groups were performed. Data collection used an interview guide, and clinical and diagnostic measurement methods. Data analysis used frequency, mean, standard deviation, paired simple t-test, independent t-test, and multiple regression. Results indicated that the management group, compared to the control group, demonstrated improvements in perceived self-efficacy, received social support, health promotion behaviors, and HDL-C level (p<0.05). Perceived self-efficacy and received social support were predictive factors, which contributed to explain 50.6% of the health promotion behaviors of the institutionalized elderly participants in the management group. Modification solutions for suitable health promotion behaviors of the institutionalized elderly persons should emphasize on enhancing their self-efficacy and social support from the elderly home service institute and their peers.
COMPARISON OF MEDICAL COSTS AND CARE OF APPENDECTOMY PATIENTS BETWEEN FEE-FOR-SERVICE AND SET FEE FOR DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUP SYSTEMS IN 20 CHINESE HOSPITALS.
Zhang YH, He GP, Liu JW
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620820
The objective of this study was to compare the fee-for-service and set fee for diagnosis-related group systems with regard to quality of medical care and cost to appendectomy patients. We conducted a retrospective study...
The objective of this study was to compare the fee-for-service and set fee for diagnosis-related group systems with regard to quality of medical care and cost to appendectomy patients. We conducted a retrospective study of 208 inpatients (from 20 hospitals) who undergone appendectomy in Changsha, China during 2013. Data were obtained from databases of medical insurance information systems directly connected to the hospital information systems. We collected and compared patient ages, length of study, and total medical costs for impatient appendectomies between patients using fee-for-service and set fee for diagnosisrelated group systems. One hundred thirty-three patients used the fee for service system and 75 used the set fee diagnosis related group system. For those using the diagnosis-related group system, the mean length of hospitalization (6.2 days) and mean number of prescribed antimicrobials (2.4) per patient were significantly lower than those of the patients who used the fee-for-service system (7.3 days and 3.0, respectively; p = 0.018; p < 0.05) and were accompanied by lower medical costs and cost of antimicrobials (RMB 2,518 versus RMB 4,484 and RMB476 versus RMB1,108, respectively; p = 0.000, p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in post-surgical complications between the two systems. The diagnosis-related group system had significantly medical costs for appendectomy compared to the fee-for-service system, without sacrificing quality of medical care.
FIRST IDENTIFICATION OF HEMOGLOBIN LANSINGRAMATHIBODI [α87(F8)His → Gln; CAC>CAG (HBA1: c.264C>G)] IN A THAI FAMILY WITH SPURIOUS HYPOXEMIA.
Trakulsrichai S, Panthan B, Jittorntam P … +5 more , Niparuck P, Sriapha C, Chantratita W, Wananukul W, Trachoo O
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620819
We report, for the first time, hemoglobin (Hb) Lansing-Ramathibodi [α87(F8)His → Gln; CAC>CAG (HBA1: c.264C>G)] in four members of a Thai family presented with low measured oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2), wit...
We report, for the first time, hemoglobin (Hb) Lansing-Ramathibodi [α87(F8)His → Gln; CAC>CAG (HBA1: c.264C>G)] in four members of a Thai family presented with low measured oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2), with discrepancy between low SpO2 and normal calculated oxygen saturation by arterial blood gas analysis, and no cyanosis or methemoglobinemia. The causative mutation is located in HBA1 whereas in previous reports of Hb Lansing the mutation is on HBA2, including that in a Japanese individual. The index and a male sibling also co-inherited Hb Pakse, a non-deletional α-thalassemia 2, resulting in mild reticulocytosis. Correct Hb identification is crucial for genetic counselling and, thereby, avoiding unnecessary investigation and treatment for spurious hypoxemia.
PILOT SCREENING PROGRAM FOR THALASSEMIA IN A COUNTRY WITH LIMITED RESOURCES: A COLLABORATION MODEL BETWEEN CLOSE NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES.
Wongprachum K, Sanchaisuriya K, Vidamaly V … +9 more , Sorpasirth S, Dethvongphanh M, Norcharoen B, Htalongsengchan B, Fucharoen G, Fucharoen S, Schelp FP, Saowakontha S, Sanchaisuriya P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620818
Screening for thalassemia carriers should not only be conducted in middle-income countries but also can be possible in low-middle income countries, through cooperation of experienced professionals from middle income coun...
Screening for thalassemia carriers should not only be conducted in middle-income countries but also can be possible in low-middle income countries, through cooperation of experienced professionals from middle income countries. We describe a collaborating model between two close neighboring countries in establishing such a screening program for thalassemia. After training and setting up of facilities, a total of 152 out of 187 hospital staff were screened as a pilot activity to encourage community participation. Referring system for sending blood samples to a reference center in Thailand was also established. Among 152 health staff, 12.5% α0-thal, 2% β-thal and 13% Hb E carriers were found. Applying thalassemia screening to 411 pregnant women and 71 spouses, 5 couples at risk of bearing a child of thalassemia disease were identified. The thalassemia screening program has a sensitivity of 99.5%, specificity of 77%, positive predictive value of 73%, and negative predictive value of 99.5%. Thus, it is possible to operate a thalassemia screening program with acceptable performance in a low-middle income country (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) with the cooperation of a referral center located within close proximity in a middle income country (Thailand).
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION, ANEMIA, ASYMPTOMATIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION, SYPHILIS, HIV AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING AN ANTENATAL CLINIC AT A RURAL HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA.
Deme C, Edao B, Jaya G … +6 more , Tisiano G, Fano H, Alegria I, Reyes F, Gorgolas M, Ramos JM
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620811
Antenatal care (ANC) is provided to prevent, diagnose early and treat pregnant women for a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalences of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (...
Antenatal care (ANC) is provided to prevent, diagnose early and treat pregnant women for a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalences of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HVB) and asymptomatic urinary tract infections and the prevalence of hypertension and anemia among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Gambo Rural Hospital in southern Ethiopia. The following tests were conducted among study subjects: hemoglobin (Hgb) level, rapid plasma reagin (RPR) for syphilis, anti-HIV antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and urine analysis. A total of 574 pregnant women were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 25.7 (SD: 4.8) years old; 88.2% were living in urban areas and 11.8% in rural areas. Sixty-seven point two percent of participants began their attended care during the second trimester of their pregnancy. Overall, anemia (Hgb < 11 mg/dl) was present in 8.9% (95% CI: 6.9-11.6): severe anemia (Hgb < 7 mg/dl), moderate anemia (Hgb 7-8.9 mg/dl) and mild anemia (Hgb 9-10.9 mg/dl) were found in 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-1.5), 0.2% (95% CI: 0.03-0.9) and 8.2% (95% CI: 6.2-10.8). The overall prevalence of hypertension was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.06-2.6). This was significantly higher (p=0.01) in the third trimester (3.2%) than in the second (0.5%) and first (0%) trimesters. The prevalence of preeclampsia, defined by have hypertension and proteinuria, was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3-1.8). Asymptomatic urinary tract infection (having ≥10 white blood cells /high power field in the urine) was present in 12.7% of participants (95% CI: 10.0-15.5). The RPR test was positive in two patients (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1-1.3). The prevalences of positive test for HBsAg and HIV-1 were 2.3% (95% CI: 1.3-3.8) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.03-0.9), respectively. No HIV-2 cases were detected. Our data show relatively low prevalences of anemia, hypertension, urinary tract infection, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B virus infections among study subjects at a rural antenatal clinic in southern Ethiopia.
A CLADOPHIALOPHORA BRAIN ABSCESS IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT.
Ray U, Dutta S, Chakravarty C
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620810
Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiceous fungus with neurotrophic propensity for which therapy is not standardized and mortality is high. We report here a 49 year old non-diabetic renal transplant patient on triple imm...
Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiceous fungus with neurotrophic propensity for which therapy is not standardized and mortality is high. We report here a 49 year old non-diabetic renal transplant patient on triple immunosuppressant therapy who presented with a history of falls, weakness and headaches. A computed tomography scan of the brain revealed a 30 mm diameter abscess in the brain which was removed surgically and diagnosed on culture as C. bantiana. The patient was successfully treated medically post-operatively with chronic posaconazole. We review the literature regarding central nervous system infections due to C. bantiana.
NOCARDIA BEIJINGENSIS BRAIN ABSCESS IN AN HIV INFECTED PATIENT: A FIRST CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
Phoompoung P, Koomanachai P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620809
We report here brain abscesses caused by Nocardia beijingensis in a 59-year-old-Thai male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presenting with progressive right sided hemiparesis. A computed tomography scan...
We report here brain abscesses caused by Nocardia beijingensis in a 59-year-old-Thai male with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presenting with progressive right sided hemiparesis. A computed tomography scan of the brain showed multiple brain abscesses. A stereotactic brain biopsy and 16S rRNA sequencing showed Nocardia beijingensis. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and recovered completely. As far as we are aware, this is the first reported case of a brain abscess in an HIV infected patient due to Nocardia beijingensis.
HIGH LEVEL OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI AND OCCURRENCE OF STX-NEGATIVE E. COLI O157 FROM RAW MEATS: CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENCE PROFILE AND GENETIC RELATEDNESS.
Sirikaew S, Sukkua K, Rattanachuay P … +2 more , Khianngam S, Sukhumungoon P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620808
Raw meats, especially beef, are particularly prone to Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC)/enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) contamination. However, data regarding their quantity in raw meats are seldom reported i...
Raw meats, especially beef, are particularly prone to Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC)/enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) contamination. However, data regarding their quantity in raw meats are seldom reported in Thailand. Among four common meat types, beef possessed highest value of stx1-producing E. coli (STEC1) contamination in February 2015 [> 1,100 most probable number (MPN)/g] and stx2-producing E. coli (STEC2) highest MPN/g (460) in March of the same year. STEC2 was found, for the first time, in shrimp samples in March and April, 2015 with MPN/g value of 6.6 and 9.3, respectively. EHEC at 3 MPN/g was detected in only one (2%) beef sample. Even though stx-negative E. coli O157 from beef has rarely been reported in Thailand, isolation of E. coli O157 using immunomagnetic separation method revealed that four strains (PSVX-1, PSVX-2, PSVX-3, and PSVX-4) from three (8%) beef samples were shown to be stx-negative E. coli O157. These strains were members of phylogenetic group A and were multi-drug resistant. Genetic relatedness as determined by polytrinucleotide (GTG)5-PCR and BOX-PCR showed identical DNA profiles of PSVX-2 and PSVX-4, which by BOX-PCR were 90% to a clinical isolate, O157 strain PSU120, from Hat-Yai Hospital in 2014. The presence of these environment stx-negative E. coli O157 strains with the ability to acquire additional virulence properties could pose a potential public health problem particularly in this region of Thailand.
EMERGENCE OF CO-CARBAPENEMASE GENES, BLA(OXA23), BLA(VIM) AND BLA(NDM) IN CARBAPENEMRESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII CLINICAL ISOLATES.
Santimaleeworagun W, Samret W, Preechachuawong P … +2 more , Kerdsin A, Jitwasinkul T
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620807
This study investigated presence of carbapenemase genes among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) clinical isolates and their clonal relationships. Fifty-six CRAB isolates were collected from patients adm...
This study investigated presence of carbapenemase genes among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) clinical isolates and their clonal relationships. Fifty-six CRAB isolates were collected from patients admitted to Hua Hin Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing were used to identify blaOXA23, blaOXA40, blaOXA58, blaVIM, blaSIM and blaNDM. Clonal relationship was explored using repetitive element palindromic (REP)-PCR. Plasmid profiling was obtained from EcoRI-digested fragments. The CRAB isolates were classified by REP-PCR into 12 groups, with 71% belonging to group I, which was associated with the presence of blaOXA23. Co-existence of blaOXA23 + blaVIM2 (n = 20), blaOXA23 + blaNDM1 (n = 2), blaVIM2 + blaNDM1 (n = 1), and blaOXA23 + blaVIM2 + blaNDM1 (n = 1) were discovered. The emergence of CRAB carrying multiple types of carbapenemase genes (the first such report in Thailand) is a worrying phenomenon and public health measures should be put in place to prevent any serious nosocomial infection and to contain the spread of such CRAB genotypes.
PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF BACTEREMIA AMONG CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH PNEUMONIA.
Senavonge A, Hantragool S, Shotelersuk V
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620806
National guidelines from many countries recommend obtaining blood culture from children with pneumonia upon hospitalization if the case is moderate to severe. However, etiological, microbes, and health systems vary by co...
National guidelines from many countries recommend obtaining blood culture from children with pneumonia upon hospitalization if the case is moderate to severe. However, etiological, microbes, and health systems vary by country and factors associated with bacteremia may also vary. We aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with bacteremia among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Thailand. We conducted a prospective descriptive study. The study population was children aged 60 days to 15 years hospitalized with CAP at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from June 2014 to April 2015. We compared subject with positive and negative blood cultures. One hundred fifty-two children with CAP were recruited. Thirteen cases (8.6%) had a positive blood culture; 7 cases (4.6%) with a positive blood culture were considered contamination, leaving 6 (3.9%) true positive cases. The isolated organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella group B. Five factors were found to be associated with bacteremia: 1) body temperature >38.5°C [odds ratio (OR) = 9], 2) severe sepsis status (OR = 27), 3) severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 145), 4) leukocytosis >17,000/μl (OR = 6), and 5) patchy infiltration (OR=13). Children hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia have a low rate of bacteremia. The prevalence of subjects in our study with bacteremia was 3.9% and there were 3 clinical and 2 laboratory factors significantly associated with bacteremia. This study shows that hemoculture do not need to be routinely performed in all children hospitalized with CAP.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN WITH NOSOCOMIAL BLOODSTREAM INFECTION IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA.
Murni IK, Duke T, Daley AJ … +2 more , Kinney S, Soenarto Y
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620805
Nosocomial infection is a major problem in hospitals worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility are important factors to combating nosocomial infection. Among children with noso...
Nosocomial infection is a major problem in hospitals worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility are important factors to combating nosocomial infection. Among children with nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI), we identified pathogens and determined antibiotics resistance patterns and mortality rates for antibiotic-susceptible and multidrugresistant (MDR) infection in patients with nosocomial BSI in pediatric wards and PICU at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia during December 2010 to February 2013. Of 174 isolates from 170 patients, 168 pathogens were bacteria, of which 148 were gram-negative. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Escherichia coli was found in 55%, 6%, 4%, 1%, and <1%, respectively of the isolates. Imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazadime had the highest sensitivity to nosocomial pathogens at 86%, 84%, 84%, and 75%, respectively. Eleven patients had MDR-infections, 7 of whom died. Among 153 patients infected with bacteria resistant to <3 classes of antibiotics (non-MDR), mortality was 40%, and among 4 patients with fully drug-susceptible sepsis only one died. Thus, substantial mortality was observed in children with nosocomial-BSI, particularly with MDR pathogens. Given the further high risk of resistance with wider use of carbapenems, third generation cephalosporins and flouroquinolones, prevention should be given highest priority in combating hospital-acquired infection.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PATHOGENS IN PEDIATRIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION.
Amornchaicharoensuk Y
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620804
Medical records of children less than 15-years of age admitted to hospital for urinary tract infection (UTI) from January 2010 to December 2014 were reviewed. Among 100 children (59% males and 41% females) with upper UTI...
Medical records of children less than 15-years of age admitted to hospital for urinary tract infection (UTI) from January 2010 to December 2014 were reviewed. Among 100 children (59% males and 41% females) with upper UTI, the most common pathogen (88%) was Escherichia coli, of which 69% were nonextended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and 19 % ESBL producers. Resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 90% and 60%, respectively. All ESBL-producing E. coli were resistant to ampicillin and third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), while 87% and 1.5% of non ESBL-producing E. coli were resistant to ampicillin and the two third generation cephalosporins, respectively. These data highlight the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in pediatric UTI and the potential problem in treating such infections.
RISK OF SALMONELLA IN A SUBURBAN REGION OF VIENTIANE, LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.
Midorikawa Y, Nakamura S, Phetsouvanh R … +2 more , Vongsouvaht M, Midorikawa K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620803
The study examined non-typhoid Salmonella infection incidence in a suburban region of Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), an area that has undergone rapid economic development in recent years. The research...
The study examined non-typhoid Salmonella infection incidence in a suburban region of Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), an area that has undergone rapid economic development in recent years. The research was conducted in two rural villages located in the suburb of Vientiane during the period 2005 - 2013. Two new methods of non-typhoid Salmonella detection, namely, MY Phenomenon/MIDO Ring and enhanced visibility of color change in media, were used to monitor the changes in non-typhoid Salmonella-positivity rate over the 9-year period. Both methods were effective in detecting non-typhoid Salmonella. Non-typhoid Salmonella infection rate in one village decreased during the study period. However, further research regarding non-typhoid Salmonella in Lao PDR is necessary from an economical point of view.
A CAT-BITE WOUND INFECTED WITH VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS FOLLOWING USE OF SEA CUCUMBER OIL.
Mohamed NA, Joseph PG, Hussin H … +1 more , Hashim R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620802
Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic gram-negative marine pathogen. The modes of transmission are mainly via direct contact with seawater and indirect contact through marine creatures. We report here a 28-year-old accoun...
Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic gram-negative marine pathogen. The modes of transmission are mainly via direct contact with seawater and indirect contact through marine creatures. We report here a 28-year-old accountant diagnosed with right leg abscess after being bitten and scratched by a stray cat. Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the pus sample. The patient gave no history of contact with ocean water immediately before or after the cat scratch episode. The patient did apply commercial sea cucumber oil to the wound; we presume this is the cause of the Vibrio alginolyticus wound infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Vibrio alginolyticus wound infection caused by commercially available sea cucumber oil.
SXT ELEMENT, CLASS 1 INTEGRON AND MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE GENES OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES IN NORTHEAST THAILAND.
Mala W, Kaewkes W, Tattawasart U … +3 more , Wongwajana S, Faksri K, Chomvarin C
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Sep · PMID 29620801
Emergence of multiple drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae has been increasing around the world including Northeast Thailand. In this study, 92 isolates of V. cholerae (50 O1 and 42 non-O1/non-O139 isolates) from clinical...
Emergence of multiple drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae has been increasing around the world including Northeast Thailand. In this study, 92 isolates of V. cholerae (50 O1 and 42 non-O1/non-O139 isolates) from clinical and environmental sources in Northeast Thailand were randomly selected and investigated for the presence of SXT element, class 1 integron and antimicrobial resistance genes. Genotypic-phenotypic concordance of antimicrobial resistance was also determined. Using PCR-based assays, 79% of V. cholerae isolates were positive for SXT element, whereas only 1% was positive for class 1 integron. SXT element harbored antimicrobial resistance genes, dfrA1 or dfr18, floR, strB, sul2, and tetA. Overall phenotypic-genotypic concordance of antimicrobial resistance was 78%, with highest and lowest value being for trimethoprim (83%) and chloramphenicol (70%), respectively. Ninety-two percent of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from clinical sources harbored both dfrA1 (O1-specific trimethoprim resistance gene) and dfr18 (non-O1-specific trimethoprim resistance gene), whereas only 5% of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains harbored both genes. All V. cholerae O1 isolated from environmental source harbored dfr18 but 48% of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 harbored dfrA1. This study indicates that SXT element was the main contributor to the circulation of multiple-drug resistance determinants in V. cholerae strains in Northeast Thailand and that genetic exchange of SXT element can occur in both V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 strains from clinical and environmental sources.
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