J. Feline Med. Surg. [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Comparison of Thames Medical CAT+ Doppler and AutoCAT+ Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor devices for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in cats.
Marriott E
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41644504 · Full text
ObjectivesA comparative assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement was carried out for anaesthetised and conscious cats by using two non-invasive approaches based on the Doppler method and a newly developed...
ObjectivesA comparative assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement was carried out for anaesthetised and conscious cats by using two non-invasive approaches based on the Doppler method and a newly developed oscillometric instrument.MethodsSBP was recorded on 131 occasions in 26 cats entering a shelter environment. Six of these cats were monitored while under a general anaesthetic for elective procedures and the rest were conscious during routine health assessment. A paired approach was followed using the Doppler method followed immediately by the oscillometric approach. Mean values and coefficient of variations were calculated. A normal distribution was confirmed before a standard Bland-Altman analysis was completed.ResultsThe mean SBP (±SD) for the 131 paired readings was 113.3 ± 23.9 mmHg and 116.3 ± 26.7 mmHg for the Doppler and oscillometric methods, respectively. The small difference in means was not significant. Anaesthetised cats had significantly lower SBP values than those that were conscious. The data set for 16 cats with three replicated paired measurements and a subset of 12 with five such replicated measurements also provided similar normally distributed mean values and a high correlation coefficient. The Bland-Altman plot suggested a positive bias of the oscillometric approach of +3.07 ± 12.3 mmHg (limits of agreement of -21.0 to 27.1 mmHg) and +4.93 ± 9.38 mmHg (limits of agreement of -13.5 to 23.3 mmHg) for the 16- and 12-cat subgroups, respectively. There was 100% agreement between the two methods in allocation to a hypertension class.Conclusions and relevanceThe results establish that the new AutoCAT+ instrument met some of the guidelines for assessing such instruments for veterinary use with cats with a normal range of blood pressure. Further work is needed with a larger data set spanning hypotension to hypertension for complete validation.
The hitchhiker's guide to feline xanthinuria.
Kim MM, Velie BD, Sheehy PA … +3 more , Courtman NF, Pritchard EC, Haase B
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41641807 · Full text
Feline xanthinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism due to genetic mutations in the xanthine dehydrogenase () gene. It is characterised by excessive excretion and accumulation of xanthine in th...
Feline xanthinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism due to genetic mutations in the xanthine dehydrogenase () gene. It is characterised by excessive excretion and accumulation of xanthine in the urine, which can lead to the formation of xanthine uroliths. Xanthine uroliths may be present in both the upper and lower urinary tracts, causing clinical signs associated with renal disease and feline lower urinary tract disorders (FLUTDs). Hallmark diagnostic findings of xanthinuria are elevated xanthine and hypoxanthine, and reduced uric acid concentrations in serum and urine. Uroliths can be submitted for compositional analysis to confirm the presence of xanthine and definitive diagnosis for xanthinuria. Management involves dietary modification to purine-restricted diets and increased fluid intake. Commercially available renal diets are preferred over urinary diets because of their lower protein composition, and consulting a veterinary nutritionist is strongly recommended. Urinary alkalisation is not considered an effective method for the dissolution of xanthine uroliths owing to their poor solubility. Despite these interventions, recurrence of xanthine urolithiasis is possible. Given the limited treatment options and risk of recurrence, feline xanthinuria is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management and monitoring to mitigate complications. This review will provide an overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiological, metabolic and genetic aspects of the disorder and discuss current diagnostic approaches, management strategies and clinical expectations of feline xanthinuria. Findings from this review highlight the need for greater recognition of feline xanthine urolithiasis as a cause of FLUTD, given current gaps in diagnostic methods and treatment options. A deeper understanding of the condition will help veterinarians accurately differentiate it from other causes of FLUTD and support further research aimed at improving the detection, prevention and management of xanthinuria.
A psyllium-supplemented gastrointestinal diet is effective for the management of chronic constipation in cats: a 6-month controlled clinical trial.
Rochon J, Charles H, Biourge V … +3 more , Laxalde J, Goñi García-Falces M, Dito D
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41631677 · Full text
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of a psyllium-enriched diet for the management of chronic constipation in cats.MethodsA multicentre, controlled, blinded, 6-month trial randomly assigned client-owned cats to a...
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of a psyllium-enriched diet for the management of chronic constipation in cats.MethodsA multicentre, controlled, blinded, 6-month trial randomly assigned client-owned cats to a gastrointestinal test diet containing 6% psyllium or similar control diet containing 0.5% psyllium (as-fed values). Inclusion criteria included two or more constipation episodes in the previous 6 months and two or more constipation signs for 14 days or longer. Constipation severity (stool consistency and frequency, and defecation pain/difficulty) was scored on days 7, 30, 60, 90 and 180. Cats could switch diets if constipation signs did not improve or the diet was not tolerated. Diet failure was defined as study withdrawal due to lack of improvement in constipation, new gastrointestinal signs or diet switch. Cats switching diets were considered as new cases in the group into which they moved, and statistical analyses (linear and linear mixed models) included them in both diet groups.ResultsOf 49 cats enrolled, two were removed for non-compliance, leaving 26 in the test group (18 assigned, eight switched from control) and 30 in the control group (29 assigned, one switched from test). Of the remaining cats, 19/26 and 11/30 completed 6 months of the test and control diets, respectively. The rate of diet failure for gastrointestinal reasons was significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (22/30 [73.3%] vs 7/26 [26.9%]; = 0.0005). Constipation signs improved significantly from baseline in both groups at each visit after day 7. For stool consistency, improvement was significantly greater in the test group vs control group except at day 30.Conclusions and relevanceIn cats with chronic constipation, a 6% psyllium-supplemented gastrointestinal diet resulted in sustained improvement of clinical signs, a significantly lower probability of diet failure and greater improvements in stool consistency than a control gastrointestinal diet.
Enhanced environmental acclimation of cats using an innovative passive diffuser of the facial-marking pheromone (F3).
Cozzi A, Marcet-Rius M, Teruel E … +4 more , Monneret P, Menuge F, Asproni P, Pageat P
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41622153 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate if diffusing the F3 facial-marking pheromone using a novel passive diffusion system can help cats to exhibit behaviour suggesting 'confidence' in a novel environment.Methods...
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate if diffusing the F3 facial-marking pheromone using a novel passive diffusion system can help cats to exhibit behaviour suggesting 'confidence' in a novel environment.MethodsA crossover trial was performed: cats were placed into two identical, separate experimental rooms for 10 mins and exposed to either the treatment or the control solution. The rooms were arranged similarly to a normal living space and the passive diffuser was placed on a shelf. The behaviour of 14 cats was evaluated during the standardised test. Different behavioural parameters were measured via video analysis and submitted to statistical analysis to evaluate the emotional state of the cats. Data were analysed using general and generalised linear mixed models, as well as a proportion test.ResultsCats did not destroy or play with the diffuser. The statistical analysis showed that the F3-treated cats spent more time in the proximity of the diffuser ( = 0.0180). Moreover, F3-treated cats also spent more time lying down ( = 0.0191) and playing ( = 0.0016) and exhibited more rubbing behaviour ( = 0.0102) than controls, while they spent less time sitting ( = 0.0180) than controls. Finally, F3-treated cats needed more time to approach the diffuser ( = 0.0517). No differences were observed in the other studied behaviours.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings show for the first time that adapting this novel passive diffusion system to diffuse the F3 pheromone impacts the behaviour of treated cats, increasing behaviours associated with positive emotions (playing) and acclimation to and suggesting confidence in the environment (rubbing, resting). Moreover, this new system can be adapted for use at home since it is already used there and does not need electricity or heat to function, making it a promising tool to improve the wellbeing of pet cats in different situations.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for treating deep corneal ulcers and corneal perforation in cats: a retrospective study.
Sritrakoon N, Thayananuphat A, Teekasang T … +1 more , Nimsuphan B
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41622128 · Full text
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the therapeutic effects of subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating deep corneal ulcers and corneal perforation in cats.MethodsOf the 24 cats identified with...
ObjectivesThis study evaluated the therapeutic effects of subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating deep corneal ulcers and corneal perforation in cats.MethodsOf the 24 cats identified with a deep corneal ulcer or perforation, 17 received MSCs and medical treatment; among them, six had deep corneal ulcers and 11 had corneal perforations. Of the seven cats that received only medical treatment, three cats had deep corneal ulcers and four cats had corneal perforations. All were monitored with fluorescein staining at 3-4 days and weekly assessments after MSC injection until fluorescein-negative status was achieved.ResultsOutcomes were compared between cats treated with subconjunctival MSC injections and MSC-untreated cats. Based on the results, 15/17 (88%) cats treated with MSCs became fluorescein-negative within 1-3 weeks, whereas 2/17 (12%) of those receiving subconjunctival MSC injections achieved this outcome within 5-6 weeks. During the mean follow-up period of 146 ± 138 days (range 15-398) after MSC injection, recurrence of corneal perforations was observed in four cats that were ultimately completely healed. All deep corneal ulcers healed uneventfully. In the MSC-untreated group, 4/7 (57%) achieved fluorescein-negative status within 3-7 weeks, while another 2/7 (29%) experienced recurrent corneal perforation on days 3 and 58, requiring conjunctival graft surgery. Postoperatively, fluorescein-negative status was achieved 25 and 72 days after the initial treatment, respectively. Of the seven cats, one (14%) had recurrent corneal perforation that had healed on day 103.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings highlight the potential of MSC therapy in promoting corneal ulcer and corneal perforation healing in cats.
CORRIGENDUM to 'Anatomical variations in the tributaries of the normal feline extrahepatic portal system: evaluation with CT angiography'.
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jan · PMID 41618829 · Full text
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Surgical treatment of feline meningioma: a single-institution survival analysis.
van Heusden KJ, van Stee LL, Blees NR … +3 more , Bergmann W, Planas Padrós C, Meij BP
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Apr · PMID 41617661 · Full text
Case series summaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate median survival time (MST), disease-free interval (DFI) and postoperative complications of surgical resection of feline intracranial meningiomas, providing evidenc...
Case series summaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate median survival time (MST), disease-free interval (DFI) and postoperative complications of surgical resection of feline intracranial meningiomas, providing evidence for prognostic counselling for general practitioners. A retrospective review of medical records (2012-2025) identified 17 cats undergoing craniotomy or craniectomy for histologically confirmed meningiomas. Data included patient characteristics, clinical signs, imaging findings, surgical approach, complications, histopathology, recurrence and survival. MRI or CT was used for diagnosis and postoperative monitoring when available. Survival analysis employed Kaplan-Meier and competing risk models; DFI was based on clinical signs or follow-up imaging. A total of 17 cats (median age 11.6 years; 82.4% domestic shorthairs) underwent surgery. The rostrotentorial approach was most common (65%), with minor intraoperative complications in three cases. Postoperative mortality within 4 weeks was 17.6% (3/17). In total, 14 cats survived to discharge. Median follow-up was 622 days. Estimated MST was 1674 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 1395-NE [not estimable]), with 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year survival rates of 82%, 82%, 82% and 72%, respectively. Median DFI was 377 days (855 days for cats surviving to discharge). Histopathology predominantly included meningothelial and transitional subtypes. Recurrence was detected on MRI in 3/6 cases undergoing follow-up imaging.Relevance and novel informationSurgical resection of feline meningiomas is a feasible treatment option with excellent outcomes for cats surviving the immediate postoperative period. The study demonstrates a high MST and low recurrence rate among treated cats, with surgery being curative in many cases. These results enable the veterinary general practitioner to more accurately assess the risks and benefits of surgical treatment of feline intracranial meningioma and discuss treatment with owners.
Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes in cats: a comparative clinical review.
Guillén A, Hendricks A, Verbrugghe A … +2 more , Rocchigiani G, Espadalé E
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jan · PMID 41607126 · Full text
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats represent a diverse group of rare dermatological manifestations that occur as indirect consequences of underlying neoplasia. These syndromes are thou...
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats represent a diverse group of rare dermatological manifestations that occur as indirect consequences of underlying neoplasia. These syndromes are thought to arise due to tumour-associated systemic effects, including dysregulation of immune responses, metabolic disturbances and aberrant production of cytokines or growth factors. Recognising CPSs is clinically relevant, as they may serve as early indicators of occult neoplasia, guiding timely diagnosis and intervention. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Diagnosing CPSs requires a high index of suspicion, particularly in older cats with atypical dermatological presentations. Skin biopsies are needed for distinguishing CPSs from primary dermatopathies, and imaging investigations aid in tumour localisation. The treatment for CPSs involves addressing the underlying malignancy. In cases where surgical resection or chemotherapy successfully reduce tumour burden, partial or complete resolution of cutaneous signs has been documented. However, the prognosis remains guarded, particularly for aggressive neoplasms such as pancreatic and biliary carcinomas. AIMS: This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on feline CPSs, focusing on their clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and therapeutic options. It also aims to summarise current knowledge and identify gaps that can inform future research, with the ultimate goal of advancing understanding and increasing awareness among veterinarians of these complex conditions.
Nucleoside analogue EIDD-1931 in the treatment of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis.
Kennedy A, White J
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41605868 · Full text
ObjectivesCurrent antiviral therapy for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has limited availability and can be cost-prohibitive. The nucleoside analogue EIDD-1931 is an effective inhibitor against FIP virus serotype I a...
ObjectivesCurrent antiviral therapy for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has limited availability and can be cost-prohibitive. The nucleoside analogue EIDD-1931 is an effective inhibitor against FIP virus serotype I and II in vitro. Our objective was to determine whether EIDD-1931 is an effective treatment option for cats with naturally occurring FIP.MethodsA prospective clinical trial was conducted with nine client-owned cats diagnosed with effusive or non-effusive FIP including neurological involvement. Cats were administered EIDD-1931 orally twice daily for 12 weeks. A complete response was defined as resolution of all abnormalities associated with FIP. Clinical variables, haematology, biochemistry and imaging findings were monitored during treatment and after discontinuing treatment.ResultsSix cats with effusive FIP and three cats with non-effusive FIP (median age 1.0 year, range 0.5-7.9) were treated with EIDD-1931 (median dose 16.2 mg/kg PO q12h, range 12.0-20.5) for 12 weeks in eight cats and 14 weeks in one cat. All cats showed a complete response to treatment. Adverse effects included transient neutropenia (three cats), elevated alanine transaminase (transient in three cats, persistent in one cat), broken whiskers (one cat) and suspected treatment-induced relative hyporexia (six cats). Adverse effects were not dose dependent. Follow-up was available for more than 12 months after treatment discontinuation. One cat relapsed on two occasions, responding to repeat treatment at escalating dosages before subsequent development of treatment-resistant lymphoma, resulting in euthanasia 545 days after study enrolment. No other relapse events or diseases were observed.Conclusions and relevanceEIDD-1931 administered at 15-20 mg/kg PO q12h for 12 weeks is a feasible treatment option for naturally occurring FIP. Adverse effects may be more common than treatment with GS-441524.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the healthy feline kidney.
Del Chicca F, Richter H, Sidel D … +4 more , Liesegang A, Major A, Beckmann K, Wichert B
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41605864 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its derived parameters, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffu...
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its derived parameters, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) of the feline kidneys.MethodsA total of 17 cats with clinically normal urinary tracts underwent 3 T MRI with DTI sequence (b-values of 0 and 800 s/mm, 15 diffusion directions). DTI images were analysed and sampled in manually drawn regions of interest (ROIs) on three transverse slices, with two different sampling methods (small and large ROIs), on the cortex and on the medulla separately, and on the entire parenchyma.ResultsDTI images of the kidneys of 17 cats were analysed. ADC, FA, RD and AD values differed significantly between the cortex and medulla with both sampling methods.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of the present study indicate microstructural similarities between feline and human kidneys. This study provides baseline data for healthy feline kidneys for future potential application in the early diagnosis of renal pathologies in cats.
Can a water-based mist form of the F3 facial pheromone have a short-term effect on cats' adaptation to a new situation?
Chasles M, Demellier J, Monneret P … +5 more , Teruel E, Descout E, Pageat P, Cozzi A, Marcet-Rius M
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41566223 · Full text
ObjectivesThe arrival of an unknown human in the life of a cat can be seen as a challenging situation. Helping cats cope with such situations may help during adoption processes or when introducing a pet sitter. This stud...
ObjectivesThe arrival of an unknown human in the life of a cat can be seen as a challenging situation. Helping cats cope with such situations may help during adoption processes or when introducing a pet sitter. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a water-based mist formulation of an F3 analogue on the behaviour of cats exposed to the presence of an unfamiliar human.MethodsTwo parallel and homogeneous groups of 11 cats were included in this study. Each cat was brought individually to an unknown room previously sprayed with the F3 pheromone analogue mist or a placebo. After 40 mins, an unfamiliar human entered the room and the cat's behaviour was observed. Locomotion, rubbing, feeding and behaviours directed towards the human were analysed.ResultsF3-treated cats exhibited significantly more rubbing than those in the control group (generalised linear mixed model [GsLMM], χ = 14.056, degrees of freedom [DF] = 1; <0.001). They also sat (GsLMM, χ = 6.058, DF = 1; <0.05) and moved (GsLMM, χ = 6.163, DF = 1; <0.05) more frequently than the control cats. No statistically significant effects were detected for human-directed behaviours, although cats in the F3-treated room tended to be quicker to approach (frailty model, χ = 3.54, DF = 1; = 0.06) and initiate contact with the unknown human (frailty model, χ = 3.454, DF = 1; = 0.063). An exploratory principal component analysis suggested that F3-treated cats were more homogeneous in their behaviour than control cats and that these F3 cats could display a more confident behavioural profile, as assessed by their exploratory behaviour.Conclusions and relevanceThese results highlight the interest in using an F3 analogue treatment in a mist form to help cats cope with situations involving the first encounter with a new human. This was achieved by improving the approach with a new context, exploration and human interactions.
Changes in serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations after treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with antithyroid medications.
Cox SE, Tarrant EL, Williams TL
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Feb · PMID 41566222 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to report changes in serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations after treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with anti thyroid medications and to compare...
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to report changes in serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations after treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with anti thyroid medications and to compare these biomarkers at baseline between cats that were and were not azotaemic after treatment.MethodsIn this retrospective study, hyperthyroid cats that were euthyroid (total thyroxine [TT4] concentration 7-40 nmol/l) at 1 month (T1) and/or 2-9 months (T2) after treatment were identified and grouped by renal status defined by serum creatinine concentrations. Comparisons were made using non-parametric statistics and the correlations assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Data are presented as median (minimum-maximum).ResultsA total of 19 hyperthyroid cats were included. At baseline, TT4 was negatively correlated with serum concentration of creatinine ( = -0.73; <0.001) but not SDMA ( = -0.42; = 0.074). Serum creatinine concentrations increased significantly at T1 and T2 (137 μmol/l [range 97-241] and 162 μmol/l [range 76-251]) compared with baseline (117 μmol/l [range 62-216]; = 0.003 and <0.001, respectively), whereas serum SDMA did not change significantly at T1 but did increase by T2 (11 μg/dl [range 8-29] and 13 μg/dl [range 9-24], respectively) compared with baseline (12 μg/dl [range 7-21]; = 0.548 and = 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference in baseline serum SDMA between cats that were azotaemic after treatment and those that remained non-azotaemic (12 μg/dl [range 7-21], n = 13 vs 13 μg/dl [range 11-19], n = 6; = 0.42).Conclusions and relevanceSerum SDMA concentrations are not helpful in predicting post-treatment azotaemia in initially non-azotaemic hyperthyroid cats treated with antithyroid medications and might be influenced by factors other than glomerular filtration rate in hyperthyroidism.
Evaluation of the degradation profile of biodegradable polymers in a dynamic in vitro model with artificial feline urine.
Cardoso DR, Barros A, Meneses A … +2 more , Pacheco M, Requicha JF
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Apr · PMID 41566200 · Full text
ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the degradation profiles and mechanical properties of three absorbable polymers - poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PGTC), poly-p-dioxanone (PDO) an...
ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the degradation profiles and mechanical properties of three absorbable polymers - poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PGTC), poly-p-dioxanone (PDO) and poly(glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PGC) - envisioning the development of biodegradable ureteral stents in feline medicine.MethodsPGTC, PDO and PGC samples were exposed to artificial feline urine circulated through a dynamic system replicating ureteral flow at 38°C for 8 weeks. Degradation was evaluated through weekly measurements of mass loss and qualitative changes. Tensile strength, strain and stiffness were assessed at defined intervals (day 0, weeks 4, 6 and 7).ResultsPGC degraded completely by week 6, showing rapid loss of tensile strength but consistent stiffness. PGTC exhibited gradual degradation until week 8, at which point the material could no longer be handled because of structural weakening, with surface flaking visible microscopically. PDO did not fragment during manipulation or circulation, maintaining tensile strength over 8 weeks, although stiffness fluctuations and brittleness were observed.Conclusions and relevanceThe polymers showed distinct degradation and mechanical behaviours, providing options for different clinical scenarios. PGC, with rapid degradation, may suit short-term applications. PGTC, with gradual degradation and consistent mechanical properties, could serve intermediate applications. PDO, with slower degradation and prolonged tensile strength, appears suitable for longer-term use. These findings represent a step toward developing biodegradable ureteral stents for feline use, potentially simplifying postoperative management and avoiding stent removal. Biodegradable ureteral stents may improve the management of feline ureteral obstructions by eliminating secondary removal procedures. In this in vitro dynamic model, the polymers degraded in a controlled and predictable manner, without accumulation of debris or flow obstruction in the in vitro system. Future studies should assess whether similar behaviour occurs in smaller tubular structures similar to the feline ureter.
Diagnosis of pyogranulomatous and neutrophilic lymphadenitis in 72 cats presenting to a referral hospital: with a focus on nine cats with steroid-responsive lymphadenitis.
Doyle E, Walker J
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41527158 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to review diagnoses and infectious disease testing of cats with neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, and describe the history, clinicopathological abnormalities, diagnostic i...
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to review diagnoses and infectious disease testing of cats with neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, and describe the history, clinicopathological abnormalities, diagnostic imaging findings, lymph node cytological/histological appearance, treatment response and outcome of steroid-responsive lymphadenitis in cats.MethodsThe medical records of 72 cats documented to have pyogranulomatous, neutrophilic or mixed lymphadenitis between January 2015 and December 2023 at a single referral hospital were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFeline infectious peritonitis (25/72, 35%) was the most common cause of lymphadenitis and frequently pyogranulomatous. Neoplasia (11/72, 15%) was the overall next most common cause and the most common cause of neutrophilic lymphadenitis. The remaining diagnoses included nine (12.5%) cats with steroid-responsive lymphadenitis, eight (11%) with inflammatory disease, seven (10%) with other suspected bacterial infections, five (7%) with mycobacterial infections, five (7%) with neutrophilic to pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of unclear cause and two (3%) with toxoplasmosis with variable inflammatory lymphadenitis. Steroid-responsive lymphadenitis cases were often middle-aged (median 7 years 10 months) castrated males (6/9). Common signs included lethargy (7/9, 78%), hyporexia/anorexia (7/9, 78%), pyrexia (7/9, 78%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (6/9) and weight loss (5/9). Frequently affected lymph nodes were submandibular (5/9), popliteal (4/9) and jejunal (4/9). Cytology was more commonly neutrophilic (8/14, 57%) than pyogranulomatous (4/14, 29%). After variable infectious disease testing, all cats received prednisolone (median dose 1.25 mg/kg, range 0.5-2.3) for a median of 5.75 months (range 4-11). All improved initially; relapse occurred in 33% during treatment, after tapering or discontinuation. Two cats (22%) were euthanased after relapse, with one developing neurological signs.Conclusions and relevanceSteroid-responsive lymphadenitis should be considered in cats presenting with inflammatory lymphadenopathy when no identifiable underlying infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic cause is identified, and most cases respond well to glucocorticoid treatment.
Investigation of the association between serum amyloid A concentrations and proteinuria in cats.
Smith A, Dobson EJ, McCallum KE … +1 more , Williams TL
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Feb · PMID 41510759 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the association between serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and proteinuria in cats without known pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes of proteinuria and to doc...
ObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the association between serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and proteinuria in cats without known pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes of proteinuria and to document the magnitude of proteinuria in these cases.MethodsCats with contemporaneous SAA and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) data and without renal azotaemia, evidence of reduced urine concentrating ability, active urine sediment, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and recent steroid administration were included. Cats with SAA concentrations above 3.9 µg/dl were classified as having increased SAA. UPC was compared between cats with and without increased SAA using the Mann-Whitney U-test, comparisons between the proportion of cases classified as proteinuric (UPC >0.4 or >0.2) between the groups were made using Fisher's exact test, and correlations were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between SAA and UPC.ResultsUPC was significantly higher in the increased SAA group than in the normal SAA group (0.32 [0.11-1.25] vs 0.17 [0.08-0.59]; = 0.002) and cats with increased SAA were also more likely to be borderline or overtly proteinuric (UPC >0.2) than cats in the normal SAA group (72% vs 36%; = 0.02). There was also a moderate positive correlation between UPC and SAA ( = 0.519; <0.001).Conclusions and relevanceIncreased UPC is associated with increased SAA concentrations in cats, although the severity of proteinuria in these cases is usually mild. Systemic inflammation might contribute to proteinuria in some cats, although further studies are required to establish a causal relationship.
Clinical, histopathological and genetic features of a cutaneous adnexal polycystic syndrome in Lykoi cats: a prospective study of 10 cases.
Burnouf T, Muller A, Husson JC … +8 more , Abitbol M, Cerundolo R, Freyer L, Degorce-Rubiales F, Beco L, Héripret D, Moreira M, Guaguère E
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Mar · PMID 41482892 · Full text
ObjectivesThe Lykoi is a recently recognised feline breed with a unique coat phenotype caused by six variants of the Hairless () gene. A specific severe cutaneous comedonal syndrome has been reported in this breed. The a...
ObjectivesThe Lykoi is a recently recognised feline breed with a unique coat phenotype caused by six variants of the Hairless () gene. A specific severe cutaneous comedonal syndrome has been reported in this breed. The aim of the study was to carry out a clinical, histopathological and genetic characterisation of this syndrome.MethodsProspective data collection included clinical evaluation, skin biopsies for histopathology, trichoscopic examination of hair shafts, blood sampling for haematology and biochemistry, cutaneous swabs for bacteriological culture, and buccal swabs for DNA extraction and genotyping.ResultsIn total, 11 privately owned Lykoi cats were enrolled, including those with varying degrees of skin involvement and one healthy cat. Cats were aged 1.5-7 years at the time of diagnosis. Clinical presentation was characterised by papular lesions and comedones, ranging from severe generalised forms (n = 6/10) to moderate regional forms (n = 2/10) and to mild scattered forms (n = 2/10). Histopathological lesions from skin biopsies revealed infundibular follicular cysts (n = 9/10), sebaceous gland (duct) cysts (n = 10/10) and sweat gland cysts (n = 5/10). Genetic analysis identified 5/6 described variants among the 10 affected Lykoi and the control Lykoi.Conclusions and relevanceThis cutaneous syndrome shows a variable clinical severity that is not fully explained by genotype alone. The consistent presence of cysts from all three adnexal structures, even in clinically unaffected skin, supports the recognition of a novel skin condition, which we propose to name cutaneous adnexal polycystic syndrome (CAPS) in Lykoi cats. Further research is needed to elucidate its pathogenesis.
Idiopathic carpal hyperextension in 12 cats (2018-2025).
Marks TA, Meeson RL, Paran E … +5 more , Hayes G, Yeadon R, Cerna P, Morris C, Langley-Hobbs SJ
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Feb · PMID 41482874 · Full text
Case series summaryThe aim of the present study was to characterise the clinical presentation, radiographic findings and treatment of idiopathic carpal hyperextension (ICH) in cats. Medical records from six referral cent...
Case series summaryThe aim of the present study was to characterise the clinical presentation, radiographic findings and treatment of idiopathic carpal hyperextension (ICH) in cats. Medical records from six referral centres were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats diagnosed with ICH between 2018 and 2025. Data collected included signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment approaches and outcome. The study population comprised 12 cats aged 4 months to 12 years 10 months (median 4 years 3 months) with 20 affected carpi. The age distribution showed two peaks: one in younger cats (aged 0-2 years) and another in older cats (aged 9-13 years), with a high proportion of purebreds, notably shorthairs (6/12, 50%). All cats presented with carpal hyperextension without history of significant trauma. Eight cats (66%) were bilaterally affected, one cat initially presented with bilateral disease, while seven developed contralateral involvement 2-36 months after initial presentation. Common clinical findings included a palmigrade stance (12/12, 100%), reduced weightbearing (8/12, 66%) and carpal swelling (2/12, 16%). Increased angulation of the antebrachiocarpal joint was seen on all stressed radiographs, and mild to moderate periarticular soft tissue thickening was seen in most cases (7/11, 63%). All cats were initially managed conservatively (rest and analgesia, mainly meloxicam); four carpi treated conservatively showed an improvement of hyperextension and weightbearing; the outcome was unknown in the remainder of the carpi treated conservatively. In four cats (eight carpi), bilateral pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) surgery was performed: a single session in one cat and staged sessions in the other three cats. Major complications occurred in two cats, with one requiring revision surgery. All carpi treated with PCA achieved good long-term outcomes.Relevance and novel informationICH represents a clinical entity in cats characterised by carpal hyperextension without a history of trauma, frequent bilateral involvement, breed predisposition for shorthair cats and a biphasic age presentation. There is a potential for delayed contralateral limb involvement and a variable response to treatment; therefore, long-term monitoring is recommended.
Characterising individual feeding and elimination behaviours in healthy cats using a connected smart feeder and litter box: a preliminary study.
Migny R, Concordet D, Reynolds BS
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Feb · PMID 41482871 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to model the feeding and elimination behaviours of healthy domestic cats using data from connected devices. It was hypothesised that these behaviours would follow a regular circadian pa...
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to model the feeding and elimination behaviours of healthy domestic cats using data from connected devices. It was hypothesised that these behaviours would follow a regular circadian pattern.MethodsSmart feeders and connected litter boxes recording interactions (date, time, duration, quantity of faeces and urine produced, and kibble intake) were used. Data collected were processed using a Python script performing a Fourier transform to extract frequencies related to the studied behaviours and model them using sinusoidal functions. Behavioural variability was assessed by daily variation of mean (±SD) pairs of daily data and by evolution of measurements over the observation period, with 5-day moving averages.ResultsReconstructed signals from the obtained frequencies showed a pattern similar to the observed behaviours. The construction of patterns based on behaviour measurements demonstrated feeding and litter box use habits among all cats. The analysis of the variability indicated low variation over the observation period.Conclusions and relevanceModelling eating and elimination behaviours of healthy cats based on signals from connected devices was possible. Establishing such baseline behavioural profiles might help improve the detection of health and wellbeing issues in cats.
SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in diabetic cats: first clinical experiences with non-ideal candidates.
Vanneste A, Van Heuckelom E, Vannieuwenhuyse D … +2 more , De Voogt C, Daminet S
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Feb · PMID 41482870 · Full text
Case series summaryThis retrospective case series describes seven diabetic cats treated with velagliflozin that were considered non-ideal candidates for this therapy. These more complicated diabetic feline cases were ref...
Case series summaryThis retrospective case series describes seven diabetic cats treated with velagliflozin that were considered non-ideal candidates for this therapy. These more complicated diabetic feline cases were referred to the Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium. The sole inclusion criterion for this case series was treatment with velagliflozin (Senvelgo; Boehringer Ingelheim) after diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Data on signalment, medical history, clinical findings, diagnostics, treatment, response and outcomes were available for all cats. The initial consultation for all cats took place between March 2024 and May 2025.Relevance and novel informationCurrent literature on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in feline patients remains limited, with most studies involving highly selected populations with strict exclusion criteria. This case series describes the use of velagliflozin in non-ideal candidates for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, aiming to support clinicians managing such cases and to provide useful information for future prospective studies. In these non-ideal cases, the use of velagliflozin may be considered off label; its administration should comply with local ethical and legal regulations, with informed client consent obtained. Consultation with a veterinary specialist is recommended when clinical experience is limited. This case series includes diabetic cats with suspected and/or confirmed comorbidities that complicate diabetes management, such as hypersomatotropism and chronic kidney disease. In addition, it reports on the concurrent use of other treatments, including cabergoline and insulin. The potential interaction and possible synergistic effects of these combined therapies represent an area of interest for future research. To ensure optimal glycaemic control and enable individualised dosing, four of the presented cases were closely monitored using continuous glucose monitoring (Freestyle Libre Sensor 2; Abbott Laboratories). Furthermore, the availability of measurements of ketone concentrations in urine and/or blood provided valuable insight into the metabolic changes associated with this new treatment. The role of ketone monitoring in predicting treatment response and identifying potential adverse effects represents another important area for future research.
Caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease in Portugal: a questionnaire-based study.
Magalhães TR, Lourenço AL, Corbee RJ … +2 more , Guerra I, Queiroga FL
J Feline Med Surg · 2025 Dec · PMID 41398709 · Full text
ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsPeople living in Portugal caring for a cat with CKD were invited to participate in an online questionnaire.Result...
ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsPeople living in Portugal caring for a cat with CKD were invited to participate in an online questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 405 responses were considered, with most participants (n = 309, 76.3%) dealing with feline CKD for the first time. International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD staging was explained to 260 (64.2%) respondents, but only 188 (46.4%) confirmed that blood pressure was assessed at diagnosis. The recommendation of a renal diet was received by 387 (95.6%) respondents, but only 341 (84.2%) gave it, and, of the latter, 139 (40.8%) were ultimately offering at least some non-renal food daily. Medications, supplements/nutraceuticals and subcutaneous fluid therapy were administered at home by 255 (63.0%), 204 (50.4%) and 205 (50.6%) respondents, respectively. Among the caregivers who used a phosphate binder (n = 123), at least 46 (37.4%) were giving it without food. After diagnosis, the caregiver-cat emotional bond remained the same, improved or worsened in 285 (70.4%), 106 (26.2%) and nine (2.2%) cases, respectively. Most respondents felt completely informed by their veterinarian (n = 331, 81.7%), complied with the recommended monitoring frequency (n = 377, 93.1%) and believed that their experience would not influence future decisions to get a new cat (n = 221, 54.6%). Clinical signs and proteinuria, the need for medication and nutraceuticals/supplements, the administration of erythrocyte-stimulating agents and subcutaneous fluids, and the monitoring frequency were higher ( <0.05) in cats at late IRIS CKD stages.Conclusions and relevanceMost caregivers surveyed felt informed; however, some recommendations were not completely followed. Veterinarian-caregiver communication must be improved to ensure greater adherence to medical recommendations, and an early diagnosis should be pursued to minimise the caregiver burden.
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