Cesk Slov Oftalmol [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Refractive Lensectomy in Patients with Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy.
Brožková M, Vlasák O, Havlíčková L … +1 more , Hlinomazová Z
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41642694 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of refractive lens exchange (RLE) with implantation of extended depth of focus (EDOF) and trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in presbyopic hypero...
PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of refractive lens exchange (RLE) with implantation of extended depth of focus (EDOF) and trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in presbyopic hyperopic patients diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and to retrospectively assess preoperative criteria suitable for RLE indication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 17 patients (34 eyes) with hyperopia and FECD who underwent RLE with implantation of EDOF or trifocal IOLs at Lexum Eye Clinics between 2022 and 2024. The mean follow-up period was 13 months, and the mean patient age was 56 ±5 years. Evaluated parameters included preoperative and postoperative refraction, visual acuity, endothelial microscopy, central pachymetry, and posterior corneal backscatter. RESULTS: The mean preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.68 logMAR, improving postoperatively to 0.01 logMAR. The mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.01 logMAR preoperatively to -0.01 logMAR postoperatively. Postoperative uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuities were 0.07 logMAR and 0.10 logMAR, respectively. According to Krachmer's classification of endothelial microscopy, 14 patients had grade 1, one patient grade 2, and two patients grade 3 FECD. The mean postoperative endothelial cell density was 2595 cells/mm², with a coefficient of variation of 30 % and hexagonality of 50 %. No statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative pachymetry values (p = 0.184). The mean posterior corneal backscatter was 14.7 GSU preoperatively and 16.8 GSU postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy has long been considered a contraindication for refractive lens exchange. In our cohort of motivated patients, the outcomes were highly satisfactory. Key parameters - central pachymetry, endothelial microscopy, and posterior corneal backscatter remained stable over time. When properly indicated, carefully performed RLE may be a viable option for presbyopia correction in patients with early-stage FECD.
The Role of the Tear Film in Refraction: Quantitative Evaluation Before and After Rexon-Eye Therapy.
Stankovičová V, Nováček VL, Rozsíval P
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41642693 · Publisher ↗
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Rexon-Eye therapy, based on quantum molecular resonance (QMR) technology, optical parameters, tear film stability, and patients' subjective symptoms. MATERIAL AND M...
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Rexon-Eye therapy, based on quantum molecular resonance (QMR) technology, optical parameters, tear film stability, and patients' subjective symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients (20 women, mean age 64.9 years; 10 men, mean age 64.6 years) diagnosed with dry eye syndrome were included in the study. Common systemic comorbidities were recorded, most frequently arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia. Each patient underwent four treatment sessions (once weekly for 20 minutes) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol. Objective parameters - including objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), potential visual acuity (PVA), and vision break-up time (VBUT) - were assessed using the HD Analyzer before therapy and again 1 to 3 months after treatment completion. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using the standardized Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. RESULTS: No statistically significant changes were observed in OSI, MTF cutoff, or PVA. VBUT remained unchanged. By contrast, OSDI scores improved both statistically and clinically significantly. CONCLUSION: QMR therapy with the Rexon-Eye device led to significant improvement in subjective symptoms, while objective optical quality parameters showed no statistically significant changes. QMR therapy appears to be a safe and well-tolerated method that may expand therapeutic options in clinical practice.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes in Uveal Melanoma Patients: A 3-year Retrospective Study.
Sklenka J, Horňáčková P, Vysloužilová D … +5 more , Matušková V, Němčanský J, Uhmannová R, Goutaib M, Chrapek O
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2025 · PMID 41563888 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To evaluate the three-year survival rate, local tumor control rate and complications of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with uveal melanoma and compare the outcomes with the available literature. MATERIAL AND...
AIM: To evaluate the three-year survival rate, local tumor control rate and complications of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with uveal melanoma and compare the outcomes with the available literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, data were evaluated from 122 patients treated for uveal melanoma, of whom 33 met the inclusion criteria for retrospective analysis of stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes using the CyberKnife system. These patients received radiotherapy for uveal melanoma during the period of 2016-2021. The data were collected during regular follow-up visits consisting of best-corrected visual acuity assessment, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure measurement and ultrasound measurement of tumor prominence. As part of the metastases screening, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits were performed regularly, with additional positron emission tomography (PET) combined with MRI performed as required. RESULTS: In our cohort, the three-year eye preservation rate was 72.7%, while the three-year local tumor control reached the level of 75.8%. The three-year survival was 81.8%. Overall, metastases were detected in 30.3% of patients with the liver being affected in 44% of cases, the bones in 28%, and the lungs in 17%. The most common ocular complications of radiotherapy included cataracts (58.3% of phakic patients), neovascular glaucoma (39.4%), radiation maculopathy (27.3%) and radiation retinopathy (18.2%). CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery is a safe treatment method for uveal melanoma with the potential for eye preservation. However, it carries the risk of tumor recurrence and ocular complications. Three-year survival and the incidence of ocular complications in our study were consistent with the data reported in the literature. By contrast, three-year local tumor control reached lower values compared to the relevant studies. Some results may be limited due to the small number of subjects in our cohort.
Utility of in Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Atypical MEN2B Findings. A Case Report.
Štorm J, Hrdličková E, Mahelková G
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2025 · PMID 41563887 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To describe atypical biomicroscopical and histological changes in corneal and conjunctival structures in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2b) and bring attention to common characteristics and atypical fe...
PURPOSE: To describe atypical biomicroscopical and histological changes in corneal and conjunctival structures in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2b) and bring attention to common characteristics and atypical features. METHODS: Retrospective case series. RESULTS: Two patients, female, and male, with previously confirmed MEN2B diagnosis were examined at our clinic to evaluate corneal and conjunctival pathologies using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM). The female patient showed all hallmark signs of MEN2b features despite a recent unilateral herpetic infection. The male was examined at a very late stage of the disorder and showed only partial features of typical ocular MEN2b manifestations. Two notable deviations were observed: an opaque corneal mass of the right eye and absence of prominent corneal nerves in both eyes IVCM conjunctival neuroma scans correlated with scans of the corneal mass, ascertaining its histological nature. CONCLUSIONS: This case series is, to our knowledge, the first to describe the absence of prominent corneal nerves in MEN2b. It also highlights the utility of IVCM in superficial lesion analysis. Its non-invasive nature is of great benefit to the patient.
The Prevalence of Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in Cataract Patients within the Czech Population.
Studený P, Dítě J, Horák M … +3 more , Cenková K, Straňák Z, Netuková M
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41563886 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To determine the incidence of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the Czech population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive group of 2804 eyes of 1499 patients under...
AIMS: To determine the incidence of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the Czech population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive group of 2804 eyes of 1499 patients undergoing cataract surgery at the Lexum Karlovy Vary clinic in the period from 4/2022 to 9/2024. The corneal endothelium was examined preoperatively using a slit lamp and an endothelial microscope. The corneas were divided into 6 grades (0-5) according to the Krachmer scale, or 4 clinical stages of the disease. RESULTS: The incidence of FECD in our group of patients undergoing cataract surgery was 29.6% (total 840 eyes). In 578 cases this concerned stage 1 of the disease, which had no effect on the outcome of the operation. In 81 cases it concerned a stage 3-5 disease, in which potential postoperative complications must be taken into account. In 13 cases (0.46%) we primarily performed a combined procedure of cataract surgery and DMEK (Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty). CONCLUSION: FECD in the population of cataract patients is probably often under-diagnosed. In our cohort of patients we registered some signs of the disease in more than a quarter of the patients.
Subjective Changes in Vision of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Ranibizumab.
Tarková A, Ivkovičová K, Urbanová Z … +2 more , Hejsek L, Studnička J
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41563885 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To evaluate changes in the subjective perception of visual acuity in everyday life during intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema using the Slovak version of the international NEI...
AIM: To evaluate changes in the subjective perception of visual acuity in everyday life during intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema using the Slovak version of the international NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 48 eyes of 30 treatment-naive patients were evaluated, and met the indication criteria. We determined best-corrected visual acuity in letter score (LS), intraocular pressure (IOP), central retinal thickness (CRT) and total macular volume (TMV). Patients received the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire before the first and then after three, six and twelve months of treatment. RESULTS: Before treatment, LS averaged 68.1 letters, IOP 17.6 mmHg, CRT 480.5 μm, and TMV 11.2 mm3. After twelve months of intravitreal treatment, LS averaged 72.6 letters, IOP 17.0 mmHg, CRT 332.4 μm, and TMV 9.3 mm3. Comparison of data relating to subjective perception of vision before and after twelve months of treatment: perception of general health improved by 7%, vision in general improved by 15%, eye pain decreased by 8%, near vision improved by 12%, distance activities improved by 5%, social functioning improved by 4%, mental health improved by 6%, difficulties with functioning improved by 16%, dependency improved by 1%, driving improved by 2%, color vision improved by 7%, and peripheral vision improved by 9%. CONCLUSION: We determined that anti-VEGF ranibizumab treatment improved objective parameters after one year of intravitreal therapy in LS, CRT and TMV. Subjective changes in visual perception improved in all the monitored parameters after one year of treatment.
Effect of the ACE inhibitor Zofenopril on the Oxidative Status of the Eye in Animals with Experimental Glaucoma.
Mikheytseva I, Kolomiichuk S, Siroshtanenko T … +3 more , Storozhuk N, Kuznetsov M, Alobaisi M
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41536241 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To evaluate the effect of zofenopril on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity in ocular tissues of rabbits with experimentally induced glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental model of...
AIMS: To evaluate the effect of zofenopril on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity in ocular tissues of rabbits with experimentally induced glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental model of adrenaline-induced glaucoma (AIG) was developed in 2-2.5-year-old rabbits. Zofenopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was administered orally as an aqueous suspension (1 mg/kg body weight) daily for three months. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydroxyl and superoxide radical generation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)). Intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits was measured using an applanation tonometer under local anesthesia with 0.5% Alcaine. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed on the retina, optic nerve, and drainage zone tissues. RESULTS: In the AIG modeling group, a dynamic increase in IOP was observed: by 28.3% after 30 days, by 34.2% and 46.7% after 60 and 90 days, respectively, compared to baseline data. Oral administration of zofenopril suspension during AIG modeling resulted in a milder elevation of IOP - by 17.4% on day 30 (p < 0.05) - followed by a gradual decline to 110.1% and 105.4% of baseline values on days 60 and 90, respectively. On day 90 of the study, rabbits with AIG exhibited significant activation of LPO and elevated MDA levels in ocular tissues: by 54.1% in the retina, 39.9% in the optic nerve, and 70.1% in the drainage zone, compared to controls (intact animals) (p < 0.01). Enhanced free radical generation was observed: hydroxyl radical levels increased by 71.3% in the retina, 58.9% in the optic nerve, and 81.8% in the drainage zone; superoxide radical levels increased by 78.4%, 64.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity declined in the retina, with GPx decreasing by 35.9%, SOD by 42.4%, and CAT by 30.7%, compared to the controls. Zofenopril administration during glaucoma modeling resulted in reduced MDA levels: by 19.3% in the retina, 16.1% in the optic nerve, and 28.1% in the drainage zone, compared to the untreated AIG group. Hydroxyl radical generation also decreased by 23.0% in the retina, 21.9% in the optic nerve, and 23.9% in the drainage zone. Superoxide radical levels were reduced by 20.3% in the retina and 24.9% in the drainage zone. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the retina: GPx rose by 33.6%, SOD by 26.2%, and CAT by 21.6%, compared to the untreated AIG group. CONCLUSION: Prolonged systemic administration of zofenopril in a rabbit model of glaucoma effectively attenuated oxidative stress and stabilized intraocular pressure. Zofenopril prevented a progressive rise in IOP observed in untreated animals, maintaining IOP values close to physiological levels throughout the experiment. The treatment resulted in a marked decrease in LPO and MDA accumulation within the retina, optic nerve, and drainage zone, along with reduced generation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals and a significant restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity.
Best Practices for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Therapy.
Němec P, Vysloužilová D, Hejsek L … +2 more , Němčanský J, Studnička J
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41536240 · Publisher ↗
Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of severe loss of sight in developed countries. Diagnostic procedures have developed dramatically in recent years, and modern imaging methods have contributed...
Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of severe loss of sight in developed countries. Diagnostic procedures have developed dramatically in recent years, and modern imaging methods have contributed to improved options for population screening, targeted diagnostics, and monitoring of the treatment process. At the same time, new treatment options have also been developing rapidly. The recommended procedures summarize the current knowledge with the aim of unifying procedures for the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Long-Term Outcomes of External Dacryocysto-rhinostomy with U-Flap and Nasolacrimal Intubation in Adult Patients with Small Lacrimal Sac and Primary Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.
Singh A, Choudhary A, Mishra S … +3 more , Ansari A, Mallik BK, Kumar B
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41166241 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To report long-term postoperative outcomes of external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ext-DCR) with U-flap and nasolacrimal intubation in adult patients with small lacrimal sac and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLD...
AIM: To report long-term postoperative outcomes of external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ext-DCR) with U-flap and nasolacrimal intubation in adult patients with small lacrimal sac and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case series was conducted in a tertiary health care center of North India and included 26 patients who underwent Ext-DCR with U-flap with nasolacrimal intubation for primary NLDO and small lacrimal sac from June 2021 to January 2024 with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. RESULTS: Out of 26 patients, 22 were females with a mean age of 50 years (range 21-60). All patients had a history of purulent discharge from the affected eye. Excessive bleeding was the most common intraoperative challenge faced in most of the cases (6, 23%). The intubation set was removed 12 weeks after surgery. Two female patients had tube-related complications in the form of granuloma formation, and two patients had tube retraction, one had slitting of the punctum, and another acquired an infection. The remaining 20 patients had an uneventful postoperative period. The outcomes of only 2 patients were reported as failures (8%), and the remaining 24 reported successful outcomes (92%) after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Ext-DCR with U-flap and nasolacrimal intubation is an effective procedure with a high long-term success rate in adult patients with a small lacrimal sac and primary NLDO.
Outcomes of Chandelier-Assisted Segmental Scleral Buckling Compared to Conventional Scleral Buckling for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A comparative retrospective study.
Markan A, Tripathi M, Chhabra S … +1 more , Gupta P
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41166240 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes, surgical duration, and complication rates between chandelier-assisted segmental scleral buckling (SB) and conventional SB in the treatment of primary rhegmatoge...
PURPOSE: To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes, surgical duration, and complication rates between chandelier-assisted segmental scleral buckling (SB) and conventional SB in the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 19 phakic patients with primary RRD who underwent either conventional SB (Group 1, n = 9) or chandelier-assisted segmental SB (Group 2, n = 10). Patients were selected based on specific inclusion criteria including presence of anterior retinal breaks and PVR ≤ Grade C1. Group 1 underwent standard 360-degree SB with indirect ophthalmoscopy, while Group 2 underwent segmental SB with limited peritomy and chandelier-assisted wide-angle visualization under a surgical microscope. Primary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical reattachment at 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included surgical duration and epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrate successful retinal reattachment in all cases and significant improvement in BCVA at one year, with no statistically significant intergroup difference. Mean surgical duration was significantly shorter in the chandelier-assisted group (35.1 ±21.2 minutes) compared to the conventional group (70.2 ±23.2 minutes, p.
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: iStent and Preserflo in the Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. A Review.
Ulrych R, Stěpanov A
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41166239 · Publisher ↗
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive and irreversible neuropathy of the optic nerve, characterized by morphological changes in the optic nerve papilla and defects in the visual field. Although the precise pathogenesis is n...
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive and irreversible neuropathy of the optic nerve, characterized by morphological changes in the optic nerve papilla and defects in the visual field. Although the precise pathogenesis is not fully understood, the current concept of glaucoma development incorporates the deformation of the lamina cribrosa caused by elevated intraocular pressure, leading to axonal damage, subsequent apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and loss of the nerve fiber layer. This review article discusses the current possibilities of using minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, specifically focusing on the micro-invasive implants iStent and Preserflo, their efficacy and safety in the surgical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Metric Causes of Refractive Errors of the Eye.
Veselý P, Beneš P, Sokolová Šidlová J … +2 more , Záděrová P, Došková H
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 41166238 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To confirm current knowledge about the causes of refractive errors in adults. To evaluate the influence of systemic, i.e., primary curvature and, on the other hand, axial causes of refractive errors of the eye, in...
AIMS: To confirm current knowledge about the causes of refractive errors in adults. To evaluate the influence of systemic, i.e., primary curvature and, on the other hand, axial causes of refractive errors of the eye, in comparison with the Gullstrand model of the eye expressed by axial length and corneal curvature ratio. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The basic sample included 60 eyes of 30 subjects with an average age of 22.3 ±1.1 years. There were 3 men and 27 women in the group. They were young, generally healthy individuals, without serious eye pathologies. The basic sample was divided into research (n = 36) and control group (n = 24). We measured the axial length of the eye using the IOL MASTER 500 optical biometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). We measured the topographic and keratometric values of the cornea using the Pentacam HR device (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). We obtained the objective refraction values by measuring them on a standard instrument automatic refractometer TRK-1P (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). We determined the axial length of the eye (AXD), the average value of keratometry (KRT) and the spherical equivalent of the refractive error (SE) as significant variables. The evaluation of variables was carried out by comparison with the Gullstrand model of the eye. RESULTS: We calculated the ratios of the median axial length of the eye and the median keratometry in the research group with myopia (AXD/KRTM = 3.18 with IQR 0.1) and the control group (AXD/KRTK = 2.93 with IQR 0.1). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p.
Quantifying Gaze Tracking for Visual Field Reliability Estimation. A Systematic Review.
Peña-Pulgar LF, Tello A, Acuña MF … +1 more , Galvis V
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 40948370 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: This systematic review aimed to investigate whether quantitative metrics derived from gaze tracking (GT) outputs during visual field (VF) testing with an automated perimeter could enhance the evaluation of test rel...
AIMS: This systematic review aimed to investigate whether quantitative metrics derived from gaze tracking (GT) outputs during visual field (VF) testing with an automated perimeter could enhance the evaluation of test reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, and IBECS databases, from inception to August 31, 2024, was conducted. RESULTS: Eight studies - four cross-sectional and four cohort - met the inclusion criteria, comprising 8,181 visual field tests from 3,687 patients. The studies were categorized based on testing strategy: SITA Standard, Fast, and Faster. In the SITA Standard group, GT parameters were associated with visual field result reproducibility and the structure-function relationship in glaucoma, but were influenced by ocular surface variables. In the SITA Fast and Faster group, results were mixed: some studies suggested GT metrics could complement conventional reliability parameters, while others concluded that GT quantitative metrics did not offer clinically meaningful insights beyond existing methods. CONCLUSION: GT trace quantification shows promise as an objective reliability parameter for VF testing, particularly within the SITA Standard framework. Advanced image analysis techniques, including artificial intelligence, could facilitate automated GT parameter quantification, streamlining processes and supporting further studies to evaluate their impact on VF data reliability and clinical decision-making.
Hyperreflective Outer Nuclear Layer as a Biomarker of Early Stargardt Disease. A Case Report.
Karti O, Ayhan Z, Saatci Ali O
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2025 · PMID 40948369 · Publisher ↗
Stargardt disease (STGD1) is among the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophies, characterized by typical flavimaculatus flecks and varying degrees of macular atrophy. This case report highlights the importance of op...
Stargardt disease (STGD1) is among the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophies, characterized by typical flavimaculatus flecks and varying degrees of macular atrophy. This case report highlights the importance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect subtle OCT changes in an 8-year-old girl without any detectable fundus abnormalities.
Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline in Patients with Unexplained Visual Acuity Loss Related to Silicone Oil Tamponade. Our Experience.
Fellner Z, Kurilová V, Takáčová A … +3 more , Herdová L, Kolář P, Majtánová N
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 40948368 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To review the findings in the professional literature on unexplained loss of visual acuity (VA) in patients with silicone oil (SO) tamponade and post-removal, and assess the efficacy and safety of citicoline as a n...
AIMS: To review the findings in the professional literature on unexplained loss of visual acuity (VA) in patients with silicone oil (SO) tamponade and post-removal, and assess the efficacy and safety of citicoline as a neuroprotective agent on anatomical changes and visual function in patients undergoing 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with large/multiple tears (macula-on/off). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 96 eyes, 64 receiving citicoline (5 ml orally 3x daily) after PPV with SO tamponade, performed from 01.01.2023 to 30.06.2023 at the Eye Clinic of SZU and UNB. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using ETDRS charts, and changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were assessed using OCT at 1, 3 and 6 months. Complications were monitored and results analyzed statistically. RESULTS: BCVA improved (citicoline: 19 to 48 letters; non-citicoline: 13 to 42 letters, p.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of the Anterior Segment of the Eye and its Clinical Presentation. A Review.
Biensky M, Bačová P, Kováč V … +2 more , Leštachová M, Jančo L
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2025 · PMID 40843650 · Publisher ↗
Herpetic infections frequently cause diagnostic errors, which subsequently lead to mistakes in therapy. They affect all the ocular structures, although in everyday practice we most frequently encounter herpetic infection...
Herpetic infections frequently cause diagnostic errors, which subsequently lead to mistakes in therapy. They affect all the ocular structures, although in everyday practice we most frequently encounter herpetic infections of the anterior segment of the eye. This review article focuses on infections of the anterior segment of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus. It explains in further detail the specific pathophysiology and course of herpetic infection, which is closely related to the clinical manifestations of the disease. The various stages of primary and secondary infection are described in detail and documented with photographs from the 2nd Eye Clinic of the Slovak Medical University at F.D. Roosevelt Hospital in Banská Bystrica. The last two sections focus on the diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. Correct identification of the form of herpetic disease is crucial for proper therapeutic management.
Subhyaloid Hemorrhage after Bungee Jumping Experience. A Case Report.
Stráňava J, Ugarova D, Stepanov A
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 40843649 · Publisher ↗
Subhyaloid hemorrhage is defined as bleeding between the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the posterior hyaloid membrane. The condition typically manifests itself in acute visual impairment. Causes include the Valsal...
Subhyaloid hemorrhage is defined as bleeding between the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the posterior hyaloid membrane. The condition typically manifests itself in acute visual impairment. Causes include the Valsalva maneuver, Terson's syndrome, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), trauma, hypercoagulable and hyperviscosity states, uncontrolled blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and leukemia. Prolonged presence of blood in the macular region can lead to the development of an epiretinal membrane and toxic damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors due to iron ions. In this case report we present a 32-year-old patient who was treated at the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of the Regional Hospital in Mladá Boleslav for subhyaloid hemorrhage in the right eye following a bungee jumping experience. The patient was successfully treated with Nd -YAG hyaloidotomy, which resulted in a good therapeutic outcome and full restoration of visual acuity.
Tear Film Dysfunction and its Association with Smartphone Usage in Adolescents.
Sharma S, Singh A, Mishra S … +4 more , Narang K, Agrawal A, Kumari R, Barun K
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 40843648 · Publisher ↗
AIM: The study aimed to explore the association between duration of smartphone usage and tear film parameters in adolescents through a hospitalbased cross-sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A detailed history regardi...
AIM: The study aimed to explore the association between duration of smartphone usage and tear film parameters in adolescents through a hospitalbased cross-sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A detailed history regarding smartphone usage was obtained, followed by tear film assessment for all the study participants. Tear meniscus height (TMH), Tear film break up time (TBUT), and Schirmer's I test were done for all participants. Then they were classified into four groups, based on daily smartphone usage: < 2 hours/day, 2-4 hours/day, 4-6 hours/day, and > 6 hours/day. RESULTS: 123 smartphone users of the adolescent age group aged 10-19 years (mean age: 16.6 ±2.8 years) were included. The mean values of tear film parameters were as follows: TMH was 0.25 ±0.1 mm, Schirmer's I was 17.7 ±9.2 mm, and TBUT was 10.5 ±5.7 seconds. Participants using smartphones for > 6 hours/day had a significantly higher prevalence of reduced TMH (< 0.25 mm) compared to those with lower usage durations (p < 0.0001). Similar trends were observed for Schirmer's I and TBUT values, indicating a statistically significant association between prolonged smartphone use and tear film dysfunction (p < 0.0001). Notably, 72.7% of eyes in the > 6 hours/day group exhibited tear film dysfunction, significantly higher than in other groups. CONCLUSION: Prolonged smartphone use adversely affects tear film stability and ocular surface health in adolescents. Awareness and appropriate measures to limit excessive screen time are essential to prevent tear film dysfunction and associated ocular discomfort.
Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Therapy.
Pavlíková K, Krejčířová I, Autrata R … +2 more , Šenková K, Matušková V
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2026 · PMID 40843647 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To evaluate the epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics, and to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in the treatment of chor...
AIM: To evaluate the epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics, and to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in the treatment of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) in children and adolescents. The results are compared with data from previously published studies and case reports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated for CNV at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, between January 2015 and April 2025. The cohort consisted of 12 patients, including 7 males and 5 females. All the cases involved unilateral disease; the right eye was affected in 7 patients and the left eye in 5. The mean age at onset was 11.8 years (range: 3-17 years). All underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT); in 7 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescein angiography. The evaluated parameters included epidemiological data, clinical and morphological characteristics of CNV before and after anti-VEGF therapy. The etiology of CNV in our cohort was as follows: post-inflammatory/post-infectious in 6 cases, idiopathic in 3 cases, and one case each of myopic, post-traumatic, and neoplastic origin. The most common localization was subfoveal. All CNV lesions were classified as classic (type 2). RESULTS: All patients achieved either anatomical or functional improvement. No ocular or systemic adverse effects related to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy were observed during the study period. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and intervention with anti-VEGF therapy show favorable outcomes, including stabilization and remission of the disease. In our cohort, no adverse events or complications associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF administration were recorded. Continued research is essential in order to gain a further understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric CNV and to optimize treatment strategies in children.
Exudative Retinal Detachment in Preeclampsia. Case Reports.
Kováč V, Viková Leštachová M, Bačová P … +3 more , Štefaničková J, Praženicová M, Jančo L
Cesk Slov Oftalmol · 2025 · PMID 40843646 · Publisher ↗
Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome are serious pregnancy-related complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions are related to placental dysfunction, systemic end...
Preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome are serious pregnancy-related complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions are related to placental dysfunction, systemic endothelial dysfunction and various clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Exudative retinal detachment as a rare but clinically significant ophthalmologic complication of preeclampsia occurs in 0.2-2% of cases, more frequently affecting primigravidas and often presenting bilaterally. This article presents two case reports of patients with preeclampsia complicated by exudative retinal detachment. The first case describes a 22-year-old primigravida at 35 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia, bilateral visual impairment and exudative retinal detachment. The second case involves a 38-year-old primigravida at 31 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia and incompletely expressed HELLP syndrome, in whom visual impairment and unilateral exudative retinal detachment developed after delivery. In both patients, the exudative retinal detachment was resolved and visual acuity improved within a month after delivery and with stabilization of blood pressure.
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