Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Histolopathological Patterns of Cervical Carcinoma Seen at A Radiotherapy Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abdus-salam AA, Eriba LO, Abdus-salam RA … +1 more , Dawotola DA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276765
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of cervical carcinoma is dependent on many factors including histological types and degree of differentiation. Degree of differentiation is an important consideration in determining the progno...
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of cervical carcinoma is dependent on many factors including histological types and degree of differentiation. Degree of differentiation is an important consideration in determining the prognostic outcome. OBJECTIVE: The study is to describe the histological pattern of cervicer cancer seen in our practice with emphasis on tumour differentiation. METHOD: This retrospective study was carried out within Radiotherapy Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan. The records of patients diagnosed of cervical cancer seen between July 2008 and June 2010 were analysed. Data pulled out included age, disease stage at presentation, histological variant and degree of differentiation. RESULTS: 206 patients were seen during the period of which 196 had complete data. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was seen in 178 patients (i.e. 90.8%) while 14 patients (7.1%) had adenocarcinoma. One patient each had adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma. Majority of the patients, 99 (50.5%) had poorly differentiated tumours, 64 (32.7%) had well differentiated tumours, while the rest 33 (16.8%) had moderately differentiated tumours. Of the SCC tumours, 95 (53.4%) were poorly differentiated, 58 (32.6%) well differentiated while the remaining 25 (14%) were moderately differentiated. In comparison only 3 of the 14 adenocarcinoma cases (21.4%) were poorly differentiated, 5 cases (35.7%) were well differentiated, while 6 (42.9%) were moderately differentiated. The difference in the degree of differentiation between squamous histology and adenocarcinoma was statistically significant (p value = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma remains the leading variants of cervical cancer seen in our environment.
Condom use among antiretroviral therapy naive people living with HIV at a tertiary health care hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: implication for prevention of new infections.
Balogun TM, Awofala B, Iredu IC … +2 more , Ajayi AO, Ohakwere M
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276764
BACKGROUND: The consistent use of male latex condom significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection among men and women. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and pattern of male and female condom u...
BACKGROUND: The consistent use of male latex condom significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection among men and women. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and pattern of male and female condom use among antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic data of age, gender, marital status, rate, pattern of and reasons for not using condoms among PLHIV. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty three respondents were interviewed with age rangefrom 14 to 75 years and a mean of 35 ± 9 years. There were 175 (39.5%) males and 268 (60.5%) females in the study. Overall, 71 (16.0%) of respondents used condom consistently. Only 55 (12.4%) of the respondents were aware of female condom while 9 (2%) used it. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that there is a low consistent use of male condoms and a very low awareness and use of female condoms among studied PLHIV.
Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. Kurtz (Crassulaceae).
Adeyemi OO, Ishola IO, Okoro U
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276763
BACKGROUND: Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. Kurtz (Crassulaceae) is used in traditional African medicine in the treatment of diarrhoea. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidiarrhoeal action of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of...
BACKGROUND: Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. Kurtz (Crassulaceae) is used in traditional African medicine in the treatment of diarrhoea. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidiarrhoeal action of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP). METHODS: Normal intestinal transit, castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastric emptying and enteropooling models in rodents were used to investigate antidiarrhoeal effect. The possible mechanism of antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated using prazosin (1 mg/kg, s.c; α1, adrenoceptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c; α2 adrenoceptor antagonist), propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p; α- adrenoceptor non-selective antagonist), atropine (1 mg/kg, s.c; muscarinic cholinergic antagonist), pilocarpine (1 mg/kg, s.c; muscarinic cholinergic agonist), and isosorbide dinitrate (IDN) (150 mg/kg, p.o; nitric oxide donor). RESULTS: BP (25-100 mg/kg, p.o) produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.001) decrease in intestinal propulsion in normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit models in comparison to distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.) treated control. This antidiarrhoeal effect was inhibited by propranolol pretreatment but yohimbine, prazosin, or atropine pretreatment failed to block this effect. BP treatment reduced the increased peristaltic activity induced by pilocarpine, however, co-treatment with IDN significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the antidiarrhoeal effect of the extract. In castor oil-induced diarrhoea test, the extract produced a dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.001) increase in onset of diarrhoea, decreased diarrhoea score, the number and weight of wet stools when compared to control. The in vivo antidiarrhoeal index (ADI(in) vivo)) of 53.52 produced by the extract (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was similar to 76.28 ADI(in vivo) produced by morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The extract produced dose- dependent and significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.001) decrease in the weight and volume of intestinal content in the intestinal fluid accumulation model. In gastric emptying test, BP treatment reduced the quantity of test meal emptied in 1 h but not significant. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses antidiarrhoeal activity possibly mediated by interaction with β adrenoceptor, muscarinic cholinergic receptor and nitric oxide pathway.
Cytokines, Type 2 DM and the Metabolic Syndrome.
Ogbera A, Azenabor A, Ogundahunsi OA … +2 more , Ekun AO, Adejumo EN
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276762
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory markers have been widely implicated in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Data on the association of cytokines (pro inflammatory mediators) and components of the Mets are s...
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory markers have been widely implicated in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Data on the association of cytokines (pro inflammatory mediators) and components of the Mets are sparse in sub Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: We sought to document the pattern of distribution of cytokines in Nigerian subjects with type 2 DM and compare cytokine levels between DM subjects with and without the Mets. METHODS: 200 subjects with type 2 DM and 100 healthy sex and aged matched Controls were studied. Anthropometric indices, lipid parameters and cytokine levels, which included interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and C reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Continuous variables were compared between subjects with type 2 DM and the controls and also between DM subjects with and without the Mets. RESULTS: The mean levels of all studied cytokines were significantly higher in the subjects with type 2 DM than the Control subjects, save for IFN-γ which was significantly lower in type 2 DM. The mean cytokine levels were comparable in the DM subjects with and without the Mets and also comparable in obese DM and non obese DM subjects. Of the Mets defining criteria, waist circumference (WC) and Triglyceride (TG) were found to be significantly associated with only two of the studied cytokines. The correlation coefficient and p values of these findings are as follows: WC vs TNF-α (r = 0.16, p = 0.001) and TG vs CRP (r = 0.15, p = 0.03). Multiple regression analyses showed that the cytokines were linearly associated with each other but not with other clinical and biochemical variables. The cytokines were found to be interrelated. IL-10 with a beta value of 0.14 predicted the presence of INF-γ with a 95% confidence interval of 0.000 - 0.109 and a p value of 0.05. TNF-α with a beta value of 0.17 predicted the presence of IL-10 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.004 - 0.034 and a p value of 0.01. IL-10 with a beta value of 0.17 predicted the presence of TNF-α with a 95% confidence interval of 0.3-0.590 and a p value of 0.01. CONCLUSION: Cytokine levels are higher in DM than non DM subjects; however, the cytokine levels are not strongly associated with the Mets. Limited correlations were found between each of the cytokines and the parameters of the Mets. Further studies on this entity amongst Africans should be carried out to ascertain if these results are peculiar to DM subjects in sub- Saharan Africa.
Practical Approach to the Management of the Severely Injured.
Adekoya-Cole TO, Enweluzo GO, Oguche OE … +1 more , Akinmokun OI
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276761
Events associated with severely injured victims are common occurrences. These injured patients should be properly managed to achieve good outcome. Trauma algorithm protocols are known to improve therapeutic process and o...
Events associated with severely injured victims are common occurrences. These injured patients should be properly managed to achieve good outcome. Trauma algorithm protocols are known to improve therapeutic process and outcome. However, most hospitals in our subregion that attend to severely injured patients are yet to develop an algorithm treatment protocols for the management of these patients. The ambulance system in Nigeria is still un-coordinated and unsupervised. Most of the existing ambulances are not well equipped and usually not manned by experienced paramedics. Therefore, transfer of severely injured victims is fraught with danger during transit. Communication link to inform the trauma centres ahead of transfer is virtually non-existent. Upgrading of the trauma systems in Nigeria is necessary to prevent unnecessary mortality among the resourceful age group that are mostly affected by events causing severely injured patients .
Pathway to Independence: Implications for Developing A Sustainable MIS Program in low Resource settings.
Mobolaji O, Fiemu N, Akanmu I … +6 more , Kish P, Omolara W, Foluso O, Roland O, Stephen I, Adebimpe A
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276760
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal surgery has been at the forefront of advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). In the low resource settings of the developing countries, despite the benefits of MIS, its uptake in sub-Sah...
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal surgery has been at the forefront of advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). In the low resource settings of the developing countries, despite the benefits of MIS, its uptake in sub-Saharan African countries has been slow. OBJECTIVE: The present study reports the process of developing a minimally-invasive surgery service line as well as surgical outcomes in LASUTH. METHODS. We reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery at LASUTH between March 2011 and March 2012. During each of three training missions in LASUTH patients with Gastrointestinal and gynaecological surgical conditions were carefully selected, and prepared for surgery. All patients were admitted a day prior to surgery. A description of the surgical technique and the skills training used is also presented. RESULTS: A total of 24 laparoscopic procedures were performed between March 2011 and March 2012. There were more females 17(70.8%) than males 7(29.2%), with a female to male ratio of 2.5:1. The age range was from 18 yrs to 75 yrs with a peak in the age group between 21-30 yrs. The chief complaints were right hypochondrial pain in 9 cases (37.5%) and right iliac fossa pain in 6 cases (25%) whilst others were right groin swelling, dysphagia, infertility and intersex state. CONCLUSION: The results presented in respect of conversion rate, length of post operative stay and complications rate are similar to the pattern in more established centers. The use of team training as done in LASUTH helps to accelerate the rate of learning and ensures sustainability.
Undergraduate Students' Knowledge and Practice of Gonorrhea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections.
Joda AE, Tayo F, Aina BA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276759
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur...
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur in this age group with 7000 young people worldwide acquiring the infection every day. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are poorly recognized and inadequately treated in Nigeria despite the fact that they constitute a major risk factor for sexual transmission of HIV infection. The shortage of trained human resources is among the most important obstacles to strengthening health systems in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE: This study is to document the knowledge and practice of undergraduate students about gonorrhoea and other STIs as a baseline survey for future intervention work. METHODS: It was a questionnaire-based, cross sectional descriptive study of the knowledge and practice of STIs among students in the seven public tertiary academic institutions in Lagos State using list obtained from the Lagos State Ministry of Education. Thirty (30) students who agreed to be surveyed were conveniently selected from each school. Pre-tested, semi-structured, validated questionnaires were administered and collected back. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using EPI Info, SPSS version 15 and Microsoft Excel. Results were considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: Majority of the respondents were of the 21 - 25 year age range (48%) and were mainly single (95%), Christian (61%) and Yoruba (81%). About 51% of the respondents had at least good knowledge of gonorrhoea and other STIs. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission was higher than knowledge of prevention, consequences and drugs. Among those that are sexually active 24% do not use condom while 10% reuse condom. Use of both modern and traditional medical practitioners (TMP) was documented among the students. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness programs with key messages about gonorrhoea and other STIs should be developed and circulated widely in tertiary institutions in the state to improve students' practice. Also strategies to embrace TMP for STI management should be evolved.
Therapeutic Effects of Exercise Training On Selected Cardio-Pulmonary Parameters and Body Composition of Nigerians with Chronic Heart Failure (A Preliminary Study).
Ajiboye OA, Anigbogu CN, Ajuluchukwu JN … +1 more , Jaja SI
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276758
BACKGROUND: The use of exercise training in the management of individuals with chronic heart failure has not been widely accepted by health care providers especially in Sub-Saharan Africa because of the possibility that...
BACKGROUND: The use of exercise training in the management of individuals with chronic heart failure has not been widely accepted by health care providers especially in Sub-Saharan Africa because of the possibility that the failing hearts may have a negative response to the increased workload and stress of exercise. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on selected cardio-respiratory and body composition variables of Nigerians with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Thirty two Nigerians with CHF (male - 17), aged 30 to 71 years, mean age 54.2 ± 1.9 years and New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA) II-III recruited from Cardiology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria participated in the study. They were randomized into exercise (EG) and control groups (CG). Exercise group performed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training for 60 minutes, three sessions per week. Selected cardio-respiratory and body composition variables were measured pre and post intervention in both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS-17 package. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the measured variables between the groups at baseline (p > 0.05). Significant improvement was seen in EG in all the measured variables except the systolic (p = 0.29) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.45). No adverse effect was observed during the exercise training. No significant improvement was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercise training may improve cardiorespiratory and body composition variables in patients with chronic heart failure.
Parental determinants of offspring head circumference using a sample of patients attending a government hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
Taiwo IA, Adeleye A
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276757
BACKGROUND: Head circumference at birth is an important neonatal parameter in view of its association with perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality. It is an indicator of brain volume and a tool for assessing the...
BACKGROUND: Head circumference at birth is an important neonatal parameter in view of its association with perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality. It is an indicator of brain volume and a tool for assessing the development of the central nervous system. Being a complex hereditary trait, predicting baby's head circumference from parental anthropometrics could complement the already existing ultrasonographic method of prediction. OBJECTIVE: To identify the parental anthropometric determinants of baby's head circumference in Lagos, Nigeria, using a sample of patients attending a government hospital. METHODS: Parental anthropometric parameters were obtained from 250 couples. The baby's head circumference was measured immediately after birth. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The parental variables that were most predictive of babies' head circumference were mid-parental weight, maternal height, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and maternal age. CONCLUSION: Assessment of these parental attributes can complement ultrasonographic data in predicting baby's head circumference for better perinatal outcome.
Anaemia Prevention In Pregnancy Among Antenatal Clinic Attendees In A General Hospital In Lagos.
Yesufu BM, Olatona FA, Abiola AO … +1 more , Ibrahim MT
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276756
BACKGROUND: Anemia is the world's second leading cause of disability and thus one of the most serious global public health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an average of 56% of pregnant women...
BACKGROUND: Anemia is the world's second leading cause of disability and thus one of the most serious global public health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an average of 56% of pregnant women in developing countries, are anaemic. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to. determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of prevention of anaemia in pregnancy amongst pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at Ifako-Ijaiye General Hospital. METHODS: The design was cross-sectional descriptive study. Simple random sampling method was used to select two hundred and twenty respondents (220). A pretested, structured, interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. RESULTS: Majority (95%) of the respondents was aware of anemia in pregnancy but the mean knowledge score was 56.5%. Less than half (46.3%) of the respondents thought that contraceptives could help prevent anemia in pregnancy by reducing closely spaced pregnancies. Only 31.8% were compliant with the use of iron supplements. About one third (33.2%) didn't combine drinking tea with meals while 47.3% of the respondents didn't use iron supplements with milk products. CONCLUSION: The study showed that most of the respondents had a moderate level of knowledge, and positive attitude towards contraceptive use but a high proportion were not compliant with the daily use of iron supplements. It is recommended that health education of women as well as close family members should be reinforced to improve the compliance with supplements.
Quality of Referral Letters to the Paediatric Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.
Osinaike BO, Esezobor CI, Akinsola OJ
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276755
BACKGROUND: The referral letter is a flexible means of transmitting information about the care of patients from one healthcare worker to another. In developing regions of the world like Africa, where it may serve as the...
BACKGROUND: The referral letter is a flexible means of transmitting information about the care of patients from one healthcare worker to another. In developing regions of the world like Africa, where it may serve as the only means of transferring patient's information, the referral letter has infrequently been studied. OBJECTIVE: The study is to assess the quality of referral letters to the Paediatric department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. METHODS: Referral letters sent to the Olikoye Ransome-Kuti Emergency Center (ORKCEC) and the Paediatric Outpatient Clinics of the Lagos University Teaching (LUTH) between December 2012 and February 2013 were reviewed for content of information. Letter sent to the emergency center were compared with letter sent from sources within LUTH. RESULTS: A total of 356 letters were reviewed, with 196 (55.1%) letters sent to the Emergency center. The majority of the referral letters (262; 73.6%) were from hospitals other than LUTH-(inter-hospital). Patient's name (99.7%), name of referring hospital (93.3%) and presenting complaints (91.1%) were the most consistently filled. Information relating to adverse clinical warning (1.7%), request for feedback (4.2%) and urgency of referral (8.4%), were the least filled. Only in 28.4% of the letters were the results of any or all the investigations done included. More interhospital letters had information on findings on physical examination, treatment, urgency of referral and request for feed-back from the receiving specialists. Referral letters to the clinics were more likely than letters to emergency centre to contain information on presenting complaints, history of the presenting complaints, and findings on physical examination. CONCLUSION: Referral letters sent to the paediatric department of LUTH are poorly written with significant information about patient care frequently missing. Interhospital referral letters and letters sent to the clinics, though similarly low in quality, were more likely to contain information on physical findings and treatment received.
Chronic Ulcers in Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria: an eighteen month review of infecting bacterial agents and susceptibility pattern.
Olusegun FI, Adeola RM, Akanmu IN … +1 more , Samuel A
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276754
BACKGROUND: Chronic ulcers are an important cause of morbidity among surgical and medical patients. Infection in ulcers may delay healing and cause septicemia resulting in mortality. Microbial studies are important for t...
BACKGROUND: Chronic ulcers are an important cause of morbidity among surgical and medical patients. Infection in ulcers may delay healing and cause septicemia resulting in mortality. Microbial studies are important for the appropriate management of these ulcers. METHODS: Details of all patients treated for ulcers that were investigated at the department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria between July 1st 2009 and December 31, 2010 were retrieved from the computer database and transferred into the proforma designed for the study. Data collected were demography, date of onset of ulcer, mode of specimen collection, names of isolates and drug sensitivity patterns. RESULTS: A total of 329 cases were seen and reviewed during the study period. Males constituted 50.2%, females 38.3% and the gender of the remaining 11.6% were not indicated. There were 259 (78.7%) adults and 42 (12.8%) children. The ages of 28 cases were not indicated. Microbial growths were obtained in 217 (66.7%) patients. Gram negative (Gn) organisms were isolated in 181 (83.5%) and Gram positive (Gp) in 35 (16%). The most common isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.1%) Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), Proteus mirabilis (7.6%) and Escherichia coli (7.3%). There were widespread resistances by the isolates to the common antibiotics in the study environment. CONCLUSIONS: The wide spread resistance may be due to lack of an antibiotic use policy. Certain antibiotics should be reserved for second line treatment in the emergency setting.
Improving First Aid Management of Epilepsy by Trainee Teachers of the Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka - Lagos, South West Nigeria--Can Health Education have an Effect?
Eze CN, Ebuehi OM
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276753
BACKGROUND: lt is estimated that epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide and about 40 million of them live in developing countries. Studies have indicated high rates of poor knowledge, negative attitud...
BACKGROUND: lt is estimated that epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide and about 40 million of them live in developing countries. Studies have indicated high rates of poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor first aid management skills of students with epilepsy among practicing teachers. However, there is paucity of such studies on trainee teachers to ascertain any similarities or differences (if any) and the effect of educational interventions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a health education intervention on trainee teachers' knowledge, attitude and first aid management of epilepsy. METHODS: The effect of a health education intervention in first aid management of epilepsy was assessed among 226 trainee teachers, attending the Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka. This was done using a quasi-experimental study design. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15. RESULTS: The respondents had a median age of 22 years with a range of 18 to 56 years. The majority of them were females (68.6%), single (79.2%), Christians (81.9%), Yoruba (70.4%) and in first year (100 level) of their study (69.9%). The highest proportion was from the Accounting department (46.0%). A consistent increase in responses to items on knowledge, attitude and first aid management of epileptic seizure items from baseline to post-intervention was observed. For instance, the proportion of responses that epileptic seizures originate from the brain significantly (p = 0.025) increased from 62.5% at baseline to 74.1% after intervention. Generally, slightly more than two-fifths (44.2%) and about two thirds (61.9%) of the respondents were observed to have poor knowledge and negative attitude to epilepsy respectively at baseline. Overall, giving health education on epilepsy led to a reduction in the proportion of respondents with poor knowledge by 15.5% (increase of good knowledge by 29.6%), decrease of negative attitude by 16.4% and increase of good first aid management skill by 25.0%. The knowledge scores were significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003) and department (p = 0.004) while the attitude scores were significantly associated with teaching duration (p = 0.020). The knowledge was predicted by department (p = 0.001) while the attitude was predicted by teaching duration (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that health education could improve the knowledge, attitude. and first aid management of students with epilepsy among trainee teachers. It is therefore proposed that an intervention programme on baseline knowledge of epilepsy and its first aid management be incorporated into the teacher-training curriculum, particularly those in health-related programmes, to address their deficiencies in knowledge, attitude and first aid management of students with epilepsy.
Prevalence of Oro-Facial Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.
Okoh M, Saheeb BD, Agbelusi GA … +1 more , Omoregie OF
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276752
BACKGROUND: Orofacial lesions are among the earliest clinical manifestations of HIV infections. OBJECTIVE: This study to investigate the oral lesions seen in HIV positive women with emphasis on the need for diagnosis of...
BACKGROUND: Orofacial lesions are among the earliest clinical manifestations of HIV infections. OBJECTIVE: This study to investigate the oral lesions seen in HIV positive women with emphasis on the need for diagnosis of oral lesions by all health workers. METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study of HIV positive women attending the HIV/AIDS clinic (PEPFAR) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-city, Nigeria. The subjects were investigated for the presence of oral lesions, between the period January and March, 2011. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital and a written informed consent was obtained from each subject that participated in the study. Determination of HIV related oral lesions was carried out clinically using the criteria proposed by the ECC/WHO, 1993. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 107 HIV/AIDS infected women attending the HIV/AIDS Clinic were examined. The age ranged from 18 to 50 years with mean age of 36 ± 9.2 years. The age group of 21 to 30 was the most affected (n = 36, 33.6%). Sixty-one subjects (57.0%) presented with oral lesions. The most common observed oral lesion was pseudomembranous candidiasis (n = 37, 37.8%); followed by melanotic pigmentation (n = 11, 11.2%) and xerostomia (n = 11, 11.2%). Group 1 oral lesions accounted for 64.3%, group 2 accounted for 30.6%, while group 3 accounted for 5.1%. CONCLUSION: Oro-facial lesions are among the earliest clinical manifestations of HIV infection. These were commonly observed in HIV infected Nigerian women. Oral candidiasis the most common oral lesion observed in the series may therefore be used as a clinical indicator of early immunodeficiency associated with HIV.
Accidental Peno-Scrotal Degloving Injuries in a Child. A Case Report and Literature Review.
Oseni OG, Olaitan PB, Badmus TO … +1 more , Olajide AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276751
Injury to male external genitalia is very rare because of some intrinsic factors like location, strong investing tunica albuginea and cremasteric muscles. However, when it occurs it is considered a urological emergency....
Injury to male external genitalia is very rare because of some intrinsic factors like location, strong investing tunica albuginea and cremasteric muscles. However, when it occurs it is considered a urological emergency. Child labour with poor understanding of risks and safety precautions, especially under harsh supervision, surely poses major challenges. This case illustrates degloving injury of the penis and avulsion of the scrotum in a young boy while operating a roller type machine used in palm trees plantation. The penis was primarily regloved and avulsed skin primarily repaired. A good cosmetic outcome was observed from this treatment. This case also illustrates the importance of early presentation and emergency intervention in this condition.
QT Dispersion in Healthy Adult Nigerians.
Ale OK, Ajuluchukwu JN, Oke DA … +1 more , Mbakwem AC
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276750
BACKGROUND: Increase in QT dispersion (QTd) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to (i) determine the mean QTd and (ii) characterise QTd in a healt...
BACKGROUND: Increase in QT dispersion (QTd) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to (i) determine the mean QTd and (ii) characterise QTd in a healthy Nigerian population. METHODS: One hundred healthy Nigerian adults were studied. Healthy status of the subjects was determined by history and physical examination. A resting 12- lead ECG was obtained from all subjects for determination of QTc, QTd and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using Sokolow Lyon (SL) and Araoye's codes. Echocardiography was used to determine LV systolic function, LVM and LVMI for 60 subjects. RESULTS: The QTd ranged from 15-70ms with a mean value of 38.5 ± 11.2ms. QTd was independent of age (p = 0.86), sex (p = 0.97), heart rate (p = 0.22), blood pressure (p > 0.05), BMI (p = 0.81), QTc (p = 0.41), LVH (ECG and echo) and LV systolic function (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: QT dispersion is independent of demographic parameters, LV systolic function and LV hypertrophy in healthy adult Nigerians.
Impact of Computer Related Posture on the Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria.
Odebiyi DO, Olawale OA, Adeniji YM
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 27276749
BACKGROUND: Computers have become an essential part of life particularly in industrially advanced countries of the world. Children now have greater accessibility to computers both at school and at home. Recent studies su...
BACKGROUND: Computers have become an essential part of life particularly in industrially advanced countries of the world. Children now have greater accessibility to computers both at school and at home. Recent studies suggest that with this increased exposure, there are associated musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in both school-aged children and adults. OBJECTIVES: To assess the posture assumed by secondary school students during computer use and its impact on the occurrence and severity of reported musculoskeletal discomforts. METHODS: Posture assumed during normal computer class, occurrence of discomforts, body parts involved and the intensity of discomforts were evaluated in 235 school aged children using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scale, Body Discomfort Chart (BDC) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after normal computer class. Inferential statistics of t-test and chi-square were used to determine significance difference between variables, with level of significant set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: None of the participants demonstrated acceptable posture. Computer use produced significant discomforts on the neck, shoulder and low back. There was a significant relationship between participants height and posture assumed. Two hundred and eleven (89.8%) participants reported discomforts/pain during the use of computer. Weight and height were contributory factors to the occurrence of musculoskeletal discomfort/pain (p < 0.05) in some of the body parts studied. CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found to be a problem among the school-aged children during computer use. Weight and height were implicated as factors that influenced the form of posture and the nature of the reported discomfort. Creating awareness about the knowledge of ergonomics and safety for promotion of good posture was therefore recommended.
Emergency obstetric hysterectomy in a Nigerian teaching hospital: a ten-year review.
Olamijulo JA, Abiara OE, Olaleye OO … +3 more , Ogedengbe OK, Giwa-Osagie F, Oluwole OO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 24579499
BACKGROUND: Haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and hysterectomy may become necessary to save life. This procedure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determin...
BACKGROUND: Haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and hysterectomy may become necessary to save life. This procedure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the, indications, risk factors and the management outcome for the procedure in our unit. METHODS: A retrospective case controlled study of 34 cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH) performed at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a period often years was carried out. RESULTS: The incidence of EOH was 2.56 per thousand deliveries. Increasing parity, history of previous caesarean section, placenta praevia and current delivery by caesarean section were significant risk factors for the procedure. The indications were ruptured uterus (61.8%), intractable haemorrhage during caesarean section (32.4%), and uterine atony (5.9%). Majority (73.5%) of the patients had subtotal hysterectomy but the outcome indices were similar for the total and subtotal procedures. The case fatality rate was 11.8%. Post-operative complications included anemia (100%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (14.7%) and wound infection (11.7%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of EOH in our unit has increased since the last study published in 1983, but the associated mortality has decreased. The indications differed in proportion from those in developed countries although the risk factors were similar. The outcome indices were similar for the total and the subtotal procedures. EOH is still associated with considerable maternal morbidity and mortality which can be reduced by provision of better obstetric care for the population.
Effect of health education on the knowledge and attitude to sickle cell disorder and screening practices among school of nursing students in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Abiola AO, Ojika BO, Mannir B … +5 more , Abba SK, Muhammad M, Ibrahim MT, Aschcroft BN, Akanmu SS
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 24579498
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disorder is the most important genetic hematological disease that affects people of black African descent. The years of young adulthood present a good opportunity for screening and counseling for...
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disorder is the most important genetic hematological disease that affects people of black African descent. The years of young adulthood present a good opportunity for screening and counseling for this genetic blood disorder. OBJECTIVES: To assess effect of health education and provision of free sickle cell haemoglobin screening on knowledge of sickle cell disorder, attitude towards sickle cell haemoglobin screening, and uptake of sickle cell haemoglobin screening among students of a School of Nursing. METHODS: Study design was a quasi-experimental noncontrolled study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for pre- and post-intervention data collection. Implemented interventions were seminar on sickle cell disorder combined with free sickle cell haemoglobin screening. The data was analyzed with Epi-info version 3.5.1 statistical software package. RESULTS: Respondents who participated in all the study phases were 104. Mean knowledge score (%) was high (80.9 +/- 22.8%) at baseline and improved significantly to 91.8 +/- 9.4% (p < 0.001) at post intervention. 91.3% were willing to screen fiancée before getting married while 72.1% were willing not to go ahead with marriage if self and fiancée are carriers of sickle cell haemoglobin. Phenotype of the respondents that volunteered to be screened for sickle cell haemoglobin were: A (70.5%), AC (6.8%) and AS (22.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Implemented interventions, seminar on sickle cell disorder combined with free sickle cell haemoglobin screening service yielded significant impact on respondents' knowledge, attitude and uptake of sickle cell haemoglobin screening.
The agreement of point-of-care and standard laboratory electrolyte and glucose analysis in critically ill patients in a sub-Saharan tertiary teaching hospital.
Adekola OO, Irurhe NK, Meka IA … +4 more , Akanmu NO, Menkiti ID, Udenze IC, Awolola NA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2013 · PMID 24579497
BACKGROUND: The critically ill patient undergoes rapid changes in the internal milieu requiring quick intervention. Point of care testing has been shown to be valuable in the early diagnosis and management of such patien...
BACKGROUND: The critically ill patient undergoes rapid changes in the internal milieu requiring quick intervention. Point of care testing has been shown to be valuable in the early diagnosis and management of such patients. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the agreement between I-STAT Abbot point of care testing with standard laboratory testing in the analysis of electrolytes and glucose concentrations in critically ill patients. METHODS: The study was performed in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Teaching Hospital in critically ill patients. Electrolyte and glucose analysis were measured with I-STAT Abbot Analyzer unit with parallel blood specimens (n = 30) tested in the laboratory on an ion-selective electrode, SFRI analyzer ISE 6000. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean sodium, potassium, chloride and glucose between I-STAT POCT and standard laboratory measurements. The agreement between POCT and laboratory glucose was good p(c) = 0.967, mean difference of 0.79 and 95% limit of agreement from -3.83 to +5.107 mmol/L, p = 0.733. Bicarbonate was moderate (p) = 0.637, mean difference of 1.95 and 95% limit of agreement from -4.294 to +0.394 mmol/L, p = 0.101. There was moderate agreement for sodium (p(c)) = 0.32, mean difference of 5.8 and 95% limit of agreement from -0.378 to +11.98 mmol/L, p = 0.064. Agreement for potassium was moderate (p(c)) = 0.439, mean difference of 0.15 and limit of agreement from -0.401 to +0.701 mmol/L, p = 0.588. There was, however, a significant difference in mean chloride, and BUN values; chloride (p(c)) = 0.0796, mean difference of 13.8 and 95% limit of agreement from -7.55 to + 20.015 mmol/L. Blood urea nitrogen (p(c)) = 0.064, mean difference of 18.55 and 95% limit of agreement from -30.126 to +6.974 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: The mean sodium, potassium, glucose and bicarbonate were comparable with moderate to good agreement between I-STAT POCT and ISE 6000 Analyzer. Though, the mean BUN and chloride levels between the analytical methods differ significantly.
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