American Journal Of Veterinary Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Center of pressure metrics are repeatable and reliable in healthy cats walking on a pressure-sensitive treadmill.
Mille MA, Weissig D, Dobenecker B … +3 more , Mille EB, Zablotski Y, Lauer SK
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41886824 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repeatability and test-retest reliability of dynamic center of pressure (COP) parameters in healthy cats walking on a pressure-sensitive treadmill. METHODS: Healthy client-owned cats (n = 10) a...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repeatability and test-retest reliability of dynamic center of pressure (COP) parameters in healthy cats walking on a pressure-sensitive treadmill. METHODS: Healthy client-owned cats (n = 10) and cats housed at the Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics (5) were enrolled from December 2019 through June 2021. Cats walked on a pressure-sensitive treadmill system (FDM-T-CanidGait; zebris Medical GmbH) at an individually adapted velocity. For each time point, 3 sequences of 5 valid step cycles/cat were analyzed. Center of pressure parameters were calculated paw-wise, including path length, mean velocity, mediolateral and craniocaudal displacement, and the area of the 95% confidence ellipse. Measurements were repeated within 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using a robust linear mixed-effects model and estimated marginal means. RESULTS: COP path length decreased significantly in the forelimbs between time points (mean difference, 0.17 cm [5.3%]; small to moderate effect size) in cats with a mean age of 4.2 ± 1.8 years and weighing 4.8 ± 0.8 kg. In the hind limbs, COP velocity increased (-0.19 cm/s [-2.8%]; small effect size). Craniocaudal displacement decreased in the hind limbs (1.42%; small to moderate effect size). All other parameters did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: COP parameters demonstrated good test-retest reliability and repeatability in healthy cats. The observed changes likely reflect subtle adaptation, but further research is needed to evaluate learning effects in different feline populations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COP measurements obtained during treadmill walking may serve as a reliable tool for assessing gait stability and postural control in cats.
Dexmedetomidine constant-rate infusion suppresses insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance in healthy dogs.
Maeda K, Inada M, Iwai S … +1 more , Okano S
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41886816 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) constant-rate infusion (CRI) on glucose tolerance and metabolic responses in healthy dogs. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, repeated-measures study, 5 hea...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) constant-rate infusion (CRI) on glucose tolerance and metabolic responses in healthy dogs. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, repeated-measures study, 5 healthy adult Beagles received 4 treatments: low-dose DEX (1 µg/kg loading; 1 µg/kg/h CRI), medium-dose DEX (5 µg/kg loading; 5 µg/kg/h CRI), high-dose DEX (10 µg/kg loading; 10 µg/kg/h CRI), or saline. An IV glucose tolerance test was performed 30 minutes after CRI initiation. Serum glucose and insulin were measured. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with treatment, time, and their interaction as fixed effects and dog as a random effect. Results are reported as effect sizes with 95% CIs. RESULTS: DEX CRI suppressed insulin secretion in a dose-related manner during the early phase of the glucose tolerance test. Compared with control, glucose disappearance rate was reduced at medium (mean difference, -1.37%/min; 95% CI, -2.32 to -0.42) and high (mean difference, -1.45%/min; 95% CI, -2.36 to -0.54) infusion rates, whereas the low-dose treatment did not differ meaningfully (mean difference, -0.68%/min; 95% CI, -1.63 to 0.27). No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: DEX CRI causes dose-related suppression of insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance at medium and high infusion rates in healthy dogs. In contrast, the clinically used low infusion rate did not substantially alter glucose tolerance under study conditions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medium- and high-dose DEX CRI may impair glucose tolerance in healthy dogs, whereas the clinically used low-dose regimen appears unlikely to disrupt glucose homeostasis under controlled conditions.
Aquatic animal health research enabled by biosecure hatchery and experimental fish facilities.
Hanson L
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Mar · PMID 41880768 · Publisher ↗
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A 2-day intensive research training program improves research self-efficacy but not research anxiety in North American private practice veterinary postgraduate clinical trainees.
Moore S, Frederick SW, Sinnott-Stutzman V
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41875534 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To gather baseline self-reported research anxiety and clinical research self-efficacy information in veterinary residents and interns and to assess changes after an in-person clinical research training program...
OBJECTIVE: To gather baseline self-reported research anxiety and clinical research self-efficacy information in veterinary residents and interns and to assess changes after an in-person clinical research training program. METHODS: A previously modified version of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory-12 was distributed electronically to 78 North American private practice veterinary house officers before and after a 2-day in-person clinical research training program in August 2024 or August 2025. Research anxiety and self-efficacy scores were compared between aggregate pre- and postsession survey responses using a Mann-Whitney test. A Spearman correlation assessed the relationship between research anxiety and previous experience and training. RESULTS: Respondents indicated at least moderate agreement with all statements related to research anxiety (median agreement, 4 to 5 of 7 for all questions). Previous research participation, but not previous didactic training, was associated with lower agreement with the statement "Research makes me anxious" (r = -0.417). Respondents reported higher baseline self-efficacy in tasks related to idea generation and working collaboratively and lower self-efficacy in data analysis, statistics, and identifying research funding. CONCLUSIONS: A 2-day research education program enhanced specific research competencies; it did not alleviate research anxiety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given the shifting landscape toward house officer training and research activities in private practice, these results suggest that it might be useful to explore interventions tailored to reduce anxiety and promote sustained research involvement in this subset of veterinary postgraduate trainees.
Fracturoscopy is comparable to fluoroscopy for intraoperative assessment of fracture apposition during indirect reduction of simulated diaphyseal antebrachial fractures in dog cadavers.
Devereux EA, Berger AC, Lewis DD … +1 more , Johnson MD
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41871521 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of needle scope fracturoscopy for assessing fracture segment apposition during indirect reduction of simulated diaphyseal antebrachial fractures in dog cadavers. METHOD...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of needle scope fracturoscopy for assessing fracture segment apposition during indirect reduction of simulated diaphyseal antebrachial fractures in dog cadavers. METHODS: Data were collected from July 29 through October 2, 2024. Simulated transverse radial and ulnar fractures were created in dog cadavers and stabilized using a 2-ring circular fixator. A single surgeon performed predetermined, randomized targeted reductions (poor, good, or excellent) under fluoroscopic guidance. A second blinded surgeon assessed fracture apposition in the frontal, transverse sagittal, and longitudinal sagittal planes using a semirigid endoscope. Qualitative and quantitative fracturoscopic findings were compared with post hoc fluoroscopic measurements. RESULTS: 59 reduction trials were completed using 19 thoracic limbs from 11 dog cadavers. Qualitative displacement assessment with fracturoscopy agreed with fluoroscopy in 80.5% of trials (κ = 0.61). Agreement was strongest for frontal plane alignment (medial 88.8%, κ = 0.78; lateral 86.4%, κ = 0.72) and weakest for transverse sagittal alignment (caudal 57.6%, κ = 0.07; cranial 74.6%, κ = 0.22). Quantitative displacement measurements were similar between modalities, although caudal segment displacement magnitude was greater with fracturoscopy. Reliability decreased when reductions were classified as excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Fracturoscopy was comparable to fluoroscopy for assessing fracture apposition during indirect reduction of simulated diaphyseal radial fractures, though reliability decreased when displacement was minimal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fracturoscopy may serve as a viable intraoperative alternative for assessing alignment during minimally invasive stabilization of simple diaphyseal fractures in dogs, particularly when fluoroscopy is unavailable, but may be less suitable for complex comminuted fractures.
Beyond "soft skills"-the evidence behind strong veterinary communication.
Burnett M, Englar R
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Mar · PMID 41871520 · Publisher ↗
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Werling Center expands Purdue's comparative oncology leadership.
Doerr KR
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Mar · PMID 41861472 · Publisher ↗
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Air pollution exceedances routinely occur at Thoroughbred racetracks in the contiguous United States.
Scott D, Kreitner K, Kim L … +3 more , Seabaugh K, Duncan C, Magzamen S
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41861470 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To characterize spatiotemporal patterns of criteria air pollutants surrounding Thoroughbred racetracks in the US. METHODS: We identified all active Thoroughbred racetracks from 2011 through 2024, linking their...
OBJECTIVE: To characterize spatiotemporal patterns of criteria air pollutants surrounding Thoroughbred racetracks in the US. METHODS: We identified all active Thoroughbred racetracks from 2011 through 2024, linking their location with daily air quality data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality System. Mean daily and annual pollutant concentrations within a 50-km bounding box of each racetrack were summarized using descriptive statistics and evaluated for monthly and annual trends. Exceedances were defined as any observation in which pollutant concentration met or exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and were assessed across EPA regions to characterize spatial patterns. RESULTS: Of the 56 racetracks included in the study, all experienced an exceedance of at least 1 pollutant, most commonly ozone (96%) and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5; 95%). Lead had the most exceedances, but these declined over the study period. Median pollutant concentrations were below the NAAQS across EPA regions, though annual PM2.5 exceeded the NAAQS threshold in the Great Lakes and Southwest. While most pollutants declined over time, ozone, PM2.5, and particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter increased after 2020. Among observations, 25.2% of PM2.5 measurements were ≥ 11 µg/m3, a level linked with performance declines. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that air pollution near racetracks frequently reaches levels relevant to equine health and performance and is associated with human health risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Racetrack veterinarians and managers should be aware of air quality and have knowledge of the risks of exposure. Integration of air quality monitoring at racetracks can guide action to safeguard the health of horses, jockeys, and spectators.
Lateral tripod 3-pinning provides an effective unilateral approach for stabilizing canine distal femoral physeal fractures.
Lee S, Cho JS, Kim S … +5 more , Kim JW, Jang SK, Park S, Kim HY, Kim JM
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41855671 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To biomechanically evaluate the efficacy of the lateral tripod 3-pin (3LTP) technique as an alternative to crosspinning (XP) for Kirschner wire internal fixation of distal femoral physeal fractures in small-br...
OBJECTIVE: To biomechanically evaluate the efficacy of the lateral tripod 3-pin (3LTP) technique as an alternative to crosspinning (XP) for Kirschner wire internal fixation of distal femoral physeal fractures in small-breed canines. METHODS: For this experimental biomechanical study (from February through October 2025), 30 polycarbonate 3-D-printed bone models simulating a Salter-Harris type I (SH-I) fracture were allocated equally (n = 10/group) to 3 fixation groups: the XP group, lateral double-pinning (2LP) group, and 3LTP group, all stabilized with 1.0-mm Kirschner wires. The maximum failure load (Newtons) was recorded as the primary outcome following an axial loading compression test on a universal testing machine until implant failure. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 30 models were included in the final analysis (n = 10/group). The mean maximum failure loads were determined to be 385.60 N (95% CI, 367.5 to 403.7) for XP, 330.70 N (95% CI, 311.4 to 350.0) for 2LP, and 445.10 N (95% CI, 412.4 to 477.8) for 3LTP. The failure mode for all groups was implant bending. CONCLUSIONS: The 3LTP demonstrated superior biomechanical resistance to axial compression compared to XP and 2LP for canine distal femoral SH-I fractures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The utilization of the 3LTP technique offers a biomechanically superior and minimally invasive fixation alternative to XP for repairing canine distal femoral SH-I fractures.
Main causes of death in aged horses in a retirement facility in California can be attributed to the digestive and musculoskeletal systems.
Sunderland KA, Affolter VK, Cassano JM … +2 more , Berryhill EH, Morgan JM
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41855668 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine the main causes of death in aged horses residing at a retirement facility in California. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was utilized to evaluate signalment, medical history,...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the main causes of death in aged horses residing at a retirement facility in California. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was utilized to evaluate signalment, medical history, and necropsy reports of horses aged 20 years or older at death and housed at a single retirement facility. All cases underwent a standard post mortem evaluation from 2010 through 2020 by the University of California-Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Euthanasia decisions were made by the retirement facility staff in consultation with a veterinarian. The main causes of death were determined as the primary reason associated with death or euthanasia after review of the necropsy reports and attending clinicians' records. RESULTS: 91 cases met inclusion criteria. Death was most commonly associated with the digestive system (38 of 91 [41.8%]), followed by the musculoskeletal system (20 of 91 [22%]), nervous system (12 of 91 [13.2%]), neoplasia (8 of 91 [8.8%]), and unexpected death (5 of 91 [5.5%]) or trauma (5 of 91 [5.5%]). Strangulating lesions (13 of 38) was the most common digestive system disease. Leading musculoskeletal diseases included osteoarthritis (10 of 20) and laminitis (5 of 20). The most common neurologic conditions were compressive myelopathy secondary to facet joint osteoarthritis (3 of 12) and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (3 of 12). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into common causes of death or euthanasia in an aged, nonreferral population of horses housed at a retirement facility in California. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians may expect to see a high incidence of digestive system disorders followed by musculoskeletal and neurologic disorders when treating aged patients and managing care at retirement facilities in California.
Intra-articular hydrogel therapeutics exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on cytokine-stimulated equine cartilage and synovial membrane explants.
Secor E, Thomas M, Chu E … +3 more , Hazzard S, Raimondi S, Reesink H
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41855655 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether IA hydrogel therapeutics alter the inflammatory and/or degradative responses of articular cartilage (AC) and synovial membrane (SM) to cytokine stimulation. METHODS: AC and SM tissue exp...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether IA hydrogel therapeutics alter the inflammatory and/or degradative responses of articular cartilage (AC) and synovial membrane (SM) to cytokine stimulation. METHODS: AC and SM tissue explants were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and simultaneously treated with triamcinolone acetonide, hyaluronic acid, collagen-elastin hydrogel microparticles (CEHM), or 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (2.5% iPAAG) at 3 doses. Synovial membrane (n = 9 explants, 3 horses) was stimulated/treated for 18 hours, whereas AC (12 explants, 6 horses) was stimulated/treated for 2 days, followed by replacement with basal media every 2 days for 8 days. Nitric oxide and glycosaminoglycan concentrations were measured in AC media by Greiss reaction and dimethylmethylene blue assays, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 was measured by ELISA along with C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, TNF-α, and IL-1β by fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay on SM media. RESULTS: Cytokine-induced nitric oxide production by AC was reduced by all therapeutics. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations in AC explant media varied substantially in all groups. Triamcinolone acetonide and CEHM reduced IL-1β-induced prostaglandin E2 production by SM explants. Triamcinolone acetonide, CEHM, and 2.5% iPAAG decreased CCL2 concentrations in TNF-α-stimulated SM explants. Triamcinolone acetonide and CEHM also decreased CCL5 concentrations in TNF-α-stimulated SM explants. CONCLUSIONS: All therapeutics reduced some proinflammatory effects of IL-1β or TNF-α stimulation on AC and SM explants, with the most profound suppression by triamcinolone acetonide and CEHM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study suggests that CEHM, 2.5% iPAAG, and hyaluronic acid may have additional biological mechanisms of action beyond mechanical support and viscosupplementation.
Storage affects allogenic posttransfusion survival of red blood cells in healthy goats.
Tseng CY, Castellanos J, Heller MC … +5 more , Kretsch-York CM, Skebba HS, Panjwani A, Burges JW, Chigerwe M
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41855652 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of biotin labeling of caprine RBCs and determine the posttransfusion survival of allogenic fresh and stored RBCs in healthy goats. METHODS: Fifteen 13- to 15-month-old nonlactating...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of biotin labeling of caprine RBCs and determine the posttransfusion survival of allogenic fresh and stored RBCs in healthy goats. METHODS: Fifteen 13- to 15-month-old nonlactating goats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (5/group). Each goat served as a donor and recipient and was administered a whole-blood transfusion from a randomly assigned herd mate. The RBCs in whole blood were biotin labeled. Group 1 goats were transfused with fresh biotin-labeled whole blood within 6 hours of collection. Group 2 and 3 goats were transfused with biotin-labeled whole blood stored at 4 °C for 14 and 28 days, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after transfusion. Biotin-labeled RBCs were detected using flow cytometry, and their half-lives were determined using nonlinear regression. The study was conducted from June 10 through September 2, 2025. RESULTS: Biotin-labeled RBCs were distinctly detected by flow cytometry. The half-lives of biotin-labeled RBCs in goats in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 4.6, 4.3, and 2.5 days, respectively. The half-lives of biotin-labeled RBCs in groups 1 and 2 were longer than in group 3 (Akaike information criterion difference, > 2). There was no difference in biotin-labeled RBC half-lives between groups 1 and 2 (Akaike information criterion difference, < 2). CONCLUSIONS: Biotin can be used to label caprine RBCs. The half-life of RBCs is affected by storage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Blood storage for 28 days significantly reduces the half-life of biotin-labeled RBCs after transfusion.
An observational study of the temporal dynamics of natural Mycoplasma (Mesomycoplasma) ovipneumoniae infection in a range flock of domestic sheep (Ovis aries).
Quirk MD, Jacobson BT, Sonar S … +9 more , Schaub D, Collins M, Wolking B, Snekvik K, Poonsuk K, Selong E, Dewit-Dibbert J, Posbergh C, Bimczok D
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41843987 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the dynamics of Mesomycoplasma ovipneumoniae colonization and serum antibody responses in a rangeland flock of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). METHODS: A cohort of 40 female lambs was repeatedly t...
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the dynamics of Mesomycoplasma ovipneumoniae colonization and serum antibody responses in a rangeland flock of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). METHODS: A cohort of 40 female lambs was repeatedly tested for M ovipneumoniae from birth to 25 months of age. Nasal swabs were analyzed for M ovipneumoniae infection by PCR, and a competitive ELISA was utilized to determine antibody levels. Body weights and body condition scores also were determined. RESULTS: M ovipneumoniae infection was rapidly acquired, with 80% of the study animals testing PCR positive at 2 months of age and 96.2% testing PCR positive at 4 months of age. The PCR positivity rate then fluctuated between 35% at 10 months and 94% at 25 months. Antibody levels expressed as percentage of inhibition were 57.9% in the dams and 52.7% in their offspring within 24 hours after birth, fell to 18.7% in the lambs at 2 months, and then remained variable, ranging from 36% to 64.2%. No significant association between M ovipneumoniae colonization and antibody levels or daily weight gains was found. CONCLUSIONS: In a flock with high M ovipneumoniae infection rates, infections were acquired early in life and then fluctuated over time with no clear trends. Importantly, the serum antibody responses that we measured did not appear to enable sustained pathogen clearance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study indicates that, once infected, sheep do not develop effective sterilizing immunity to M ovipneumoniae, and serum antibodies cannot be considered a reliable correlate of protection in individual sheep.
Postmortem characterization of cranial nuchal bursa and ligament in healthy horses reveals subclinical gross and histopathologic abnormalities.
Sfraga H, Demeter EA, Pinn-Woodcock T … +4 more , Guarino C, Young R, Cronk B, Cercone M
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41839156 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of subclinical cranial nuchal bursitis and characterize its histopathologic features and association with Borrelia burgdorferi. METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive cadaver s...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of subclinical cranial nuchal bursitis and characterize its histopathologic features and association with Borrelia burgdorferi. METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive cadaver study on a convenience population of horses in a B burgdorferi-endemic region (15 horses: 5 geldings and 10 mares of various breeds; 4 to 29 years old). Horses without history or clinical signs of cranial nuchal bursitis underwent euthanasia and tissue donation. Cranial nuchal bursa, synovial fluid, and nuchal ligament were collected postmortem. The bursa and ligament were evaluated via histopathology, grading inflammation, edema, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and mineralization (each scored 0 = normal to 3 = severe). Lyme multiplex assay on serum and B burgdorferi polymerase chain reaction on bursa were performed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on 3 samples. RESULTS: Gross abnormalities were found in 4 horses (mineralization, thickened bursa, synovial effusion, deposits of amorphous material, and adhesions). On histopathology, inflammation was detected in 5 horses, nearly all with 1 or more additional abnormalities (edema, necrosis, fibrosis, and mineralization). The overall histopathology score ranged from 1 to 8. Five horses had positive Lyme multiplex assay antibody titers. Nuchal bursa, ligament, and synovial fluids were negative on B burgdorferi polymerase chain reaction. There was no association between histopathology score and age or Lyme multiplex titers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified mild to moderate cranial nuchal bursa and ligament histopathologic changes suggestive of subclinical inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The detection of subclinical gross and histopathologic changes in clinically normal horses warrants further investigation of the predisposing causes and clinical implications.
Whole-slide imaging enhances veterinary pathology education of cytology and hematology submission practices.
Garner BC, Schlemmer SN
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41831407 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Whole-slide imaging (WSI) uses a machine to scan and convert the contents of a glass slide into a series of digital images that can be viewed on a computer. Students' interactions with this technology are typi...
OBJECTIVE: Whole-slide imaging (WSI) uses a machine to scan and convert the contents of a glass slide into a series of digital images that can be viewed on a computer. Students' interactions with this technology are typically limited to interpreting scanned slides. This does not address the preanalytical aspects of sample submission, where errors most frequently occur, and it does not expose future clinicians to technology they may encounter in general practice. METHODS: In this study, 251 clinical veterinary students experienced WSI while learning about cytology and hematology specimen submission. Preliminary experience and opinions were collected through a pretest survey. Students scanned the glass slide(s) using a commercially available digital slide scanner and submitted the case for interpretation by a remote pathologist unaffiliated with their own institution. A posttest survey collected experiences and opinions about WSI after the activity concluded. RESULTS: In the postscanning survey, students reported they were more confident in the following: providing clinically relevant information to pathologists; understanding the essential components of reports, utility, and limitations of WSI; and being prepared to submit specimens in general practice. They reported they were more motivated to provide relevant information to pathologists than in the prescanning survey. Their recognition accuracy of incomplete submission forms improved. Most reported that the experience was good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical veterinary students had a positive experience using WSI to enhance cytology and hematology sample submission training. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinary pathology education is enhanced by incorporating WSI into sample submission training.
Emotional intelligence correlated with lower stress and depression in veterinary medicine students in the Midwestern United States.
Knutson LM, Blanton K
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41831401 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To extend the literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among veterinary medicine students across universities in the Midwestern...
OBJECTIVE: To extend the literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among veterinary medicine students across universities in the Midwestern US. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed via email to individuals enrolled in veterinary medicine programs in the Midwestern US. Participants completed a 57-item survey, which included demographic information as well as targeted psychological variables of stress, anxiety, depression, and emotional intelligence. The survey was open for a 1-month collection period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and independent-samples t tests. RESULTS: Key findings from 184 completed surveys included self-reports of moderate to high levels of stress (89.1%), anxiety (58%), and depression (29.8%) in veterinary medicine students. Additionally, negative relationships were found between reported levels of stress and emotional intelligence (r [182] = -0.362; P < .01) as well as screening positive for depression and emotional intelligence levels (r [182] = -0.349; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with stress and depression among veterinary medicine students. Further research into this correlation is warranted as well as exploration of a possible causal relationship between emotional intelligence and reduced self-reports of stress and depression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Considering these findings, veterinary medicine programs may consider using emotional intelligence as a means to identify at-risk students and get them needed support and as a guide to including mental health curriculum into their curriculum.
Vessel-sealing devices may be safely used for hepatic surgery in dogs with a low rate of severe complications.
Yoon J, Montinaro V, Chiti LE … +8 more , Rossanese M, Cinti F, Massari F, Gobbetti M, Romanelli G, Boston S, Thamm DH, Tremolada G
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41831400 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and complication rate of 2 vessel-sealing devices (VSDs) used for hepatic surgery in dogs. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 6 institutions from January 2012 through June 2...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and complication rate of 2 vessel-sealing devices (VSDs) used for hepatic surgery in dogs. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 6 institutions from January 2012 through June 2024 including dogs that underwent a complete or partial liver lobectomy or a liver biopsy using a VSD as the sole method. Surgical complications based on the type of liver lobectomy, severity of complication, type of VSD used, mass size, and liver lobe location were reported as the percentage of dogs experiencing the event of interest. Group differences were compared using a 2-tailed Fisher exact or χ2 test. Maximal tumor diameter in relation to complication type was assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at P = .05. RESULTS: 58 dogs were included in the study. For liver lobectomy cases, complications occurred in 42 of 48 dogs and were mostly minor. No differences in complications were noted based on liver mass size, liver lobe location, type of liver lobectomy performed, severity of complication, or type of VSD used. Intra- or postoperatively, biliary leakage occurred in 4 of 48 dogs. The complication rate for dogs undergoing a liver biopsy was 5 of 10 and consisted of minor bleeding in 90% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high incidence of minor complications, VSD can be safely used for hepatic surgery in dogs. The ability of the 2 VSDs used to seal bile ducts when a liver lobectomy is performed requires further investigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: VSDs can be considered an alternative method for performing liver lobectomies in dogs.
Comparison of coagulation patterns in dogs with Cushing syndrome and prednisolone treatment assessed by thromboelastography.
Koh SR, Ha JH, Chung JY … +1 more , Ahn JO
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41831398 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing syndrome [CS]) and those receiving prednisolone (PDS; ≥ 0.25 mg/kg/d for ≥ 3 consecutive weeks) therapy to assess whether the 2 forms of g...
OBJECTIVE: To compare dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing syndrome [CS]) and those receiving prednisolone (PDS; ≥ 0.25 mg/kg/d for ≥ 3 consecutive weeks) therapy to assess whether the 2 forms of glucocorticoid excess exhibit distinct coagulation profiles. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 29 dogs of various breeds, ages, and sexes. The dogs were categorized into 3 groups: a control group (n = 8) and 2 experimental groups (the CS [12] and PDS [9] groups). Reaction time (R), coagulation time (K), α-angle, maximum amplitude (MA), and clot strength (G) were compared between groups using thromboelastography. The correlations of each parameter with Hct and platelet count were also analyzed in each experimental group. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the CS and PDS groups exhibited increased G as indicated by significantly higher MA and G. The PDS and CS groups had shorter K values than the controls. The R was significantly shorter in the PDS group compared with the other groups. In addition, platelet count showed opposing correlations with MA and G in the PDS and CS groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dogs in the CS and PDS groups exhibited hypercoagulable profiles on thromboelastography, characterized by enhanced G (higher MA and G). The PDS group uniquely demonstrated faster clot formation kinetics, with significantly shorter R (vs controls and CS) and K (vs controls). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings emphasize the need for functional coagulation monitoring to distinguish specific thrombotic risks associated with the source of glucocorticoid excess.
Dogs 8 years of age and older with first-time gastrointestinal foreign bodies have an increased occurrence of incidental pathologic surgical findings.
Roberts TP, Bertorelli JN, Steurer JA … +1 more , Newman RJ
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41812334 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of incidental pathologies during gastrointestinal foreign body retrieval surgery in 2 groups of dogs and to assess correlation between incidental pathological findings, patient age, a...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of incidental pathologies during gastrointestinal foreign body retrieval surgery in 2 groups of dogs and to assess correlation between incidental pathological findings, patient age, and if this was the dog's first foreign body retrieval procedure. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs undergoing foreign body retrieval surgery from January 2023 through August 2025. Dogs were distributed into 2 groups: (1) younger than 8 years of age or (2) 8 years of age and older. The prevalence of incidentally found intraoperative findings was compared between groups. Dogs 8 years of age and older were reviewed to correlate whether the surgery was their first instance of surgical foreign body retrieval. RESULTS: 313 dogs were included; 7.6% of dogs under 8 years had incidental intra-abdominal pathology compared to 56.7% of dogs 8 years and older undergoing their first surgical foreign body retrieval. Senior dogs with a history of foreign body retrieval had a 5.9% incidence of pathologic findings. Pathologic findings were 16 times more likely in dogs 8 years and older undergoing their first foreign body retrieval surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Dogs 8 years of age and older undergoing their first surgical foreign body retrieval were significantly more likely to exhibit pathologic findings than those with previous foreign body retrievals and dogs less than 8 years of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preoperative discussions for geriatric dogs undergoing first-time foreign body surgery should address the increased likelihood of abnormal findings intraoperatively, potential need for additional surgical procedures, and risks of associated procedures.
Laparoscopic extirpation of iliosacral lymph nodes in select dogs is safe and effective with or without intraoperative lymphangiography.
Aubrecht AM, Mayhew PD, Steffey MA … +4 more , Culp WTN, Balsa IM, Singh A, Gibson EA
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41802413 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical technique, complications, and outcomes of laparoscopic iliosacral lymph node (ISLN) extirpation in dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), with or without intraoper...
OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical technique, complications, and outcomes of laparoscopic iliosacral lymph node (ISLN) extirpation in dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), with or without intraoperative lymphangiography. ANIMALS: 18 client-owned dogs underwent laparoscopic ISLN extirpation (19 procedures) between March 2012 and May 2024. Dogs were included if medical records were complete, the dogs were diagnosed with AGASACA, and an attempted laparoscopic ISLN extirpation was performed. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Dogs were evaluated for staging and/or management of suspected metastasis to ISLNs. The study population included 11 male castrated and 7 female spayed dogs with a mean age of 9.95 ± 1.8 years (range, 7 to 14 years). Pertinent physical examination abnormalities included firm, irregular, or nodular masses involving one or both anal sacs, perianal subcutaneous tissues, or prior anal sacculectomy sites. RESULTS: 16 of 19 procedures (84.2%) were completed totally laparoscopically, while 3 of 19 (15.8%) required reactive conversion to open celiotomy. Intraoperative lymphangiography was attempted in 6 of 19 procedures (31.6%) using indocyanine green, methylene blue, or both. Indocyanine green was successful in 2 of 3 cases (66.7%), whereas methylene blue was unsuccessful in all attempts. Intraoperative surgical complications occurred in 9 of 19 procedures (47.3%), and most were mild and self-limiting. Histopathology confirmed metastatic ISLN(s) in 14 of 19 cases (73.7%). All dogs survived to discharge, and 18 of 19 cases (94.7%) survived beyond 14 days postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laparoscopic ISLN extirpation, with or without intraoperative lymphangiography, is a viable diagnostic and treatment approach for dogs with AGASACA, supporting the increasing role of minimally invasive surgery in veterinary surgery including oncologic staging.
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