J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970441
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BACKGROUND: Despite the presence of early warning systems and scoring systems, the basic vital parameter monitoring of laboring woman can become burdensome, owing to low doctor-patient ratio and skillset gap among health...BACKGROUND: Despite the presence of early warning systems and scoring systems, the basic vital parameter monitoring of laboring woman can become burdensome, owing to low doctor-patient ratio and skillset gap among healthcare providers, a solution to which is to have systems which can perform simultaneous maternal and fetal monitoring. THE INNOVATION: The device is intelligent and AI-powered clinical decision support system for clinicians to care for mothers during the course of pregnancy. This combines the digital, wireless, and connected fetal Doppler, the tocodynamometer, a multipara monitor - (Blood pressure, heart rate, SPO2, temperature, and ECG), and an interfacing screen for clinician interactions. The unique feature of the device is that it can trigger alarm systems when any of these parameters vary beyond the limits of normal or even in correlation. The clinician can interpret such information and make appropriate decisions. The provision of a single composite device measuring maternal and fetal monitoring is an apt technological support for optimal partogram monitoring. By giving a snapshot summary of the data points, the healthcare provider can seamlessly take informed decisions, rather than engage in time consuming data collection. Remote monitoring capability is an added advantage. CONCLUSION: The device has the potential to ably assist obstetricians and midwives in their day-to-day monitoring of pregnant woman and save time and make informed decisions.
Kermani KR, Abdi N, Goudarzi RM
… +5 more, Elahi Z, Divband A, Rajaei S, Jahromi MRK, Arjmand F
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970440
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INTRODUCTION: Complete Heart Block can lead to severe fetal complications. Maternal autoantibodies cross the placenta, increasing the risk of Fetal Complete Heart Block. This study investigates the prevalence of FCHB and...INTRODUCTION: Complete Heart Block can lead to severe fetal complications. Maternal autoantibodies cross the placenta, increasing the risk of Fetal Complete Heart Block. This study investigates the prevalence of FCHB and the role of these autoantibodies in pregnant women with rheumatologic diseases in Bandar Abbas. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Iran between 2021 and 2023. A total of 99 pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, along with 4 cases of fetal bradycardia without maternal rheumatologic history, were referred for echocardiography. Among them, 63 had positive autoantibodies. Prophylactic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and/or prednisolone was administered, and treatment with dexamethasone, IVIG, and beta sympathomimetics was initiated based on echocardiographic findings and the timing of congenital heart block diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 103 cases, 7 fetuses (0.6%) were diagnosed with congenital heart block. Four women had no prior rheumatologic history, while three had a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Seven women tested positive for autoantibodies. A significant correlation was found between CHB and anti-Ro antibodies ( = 0.017). Of the cases of fetal CHB, one developed hydrops fetalis, and six had CHB but normal cardiac function at birth. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and timely intervention enhance outcomes in fetal congenital heart block, but many patients still require pacemakers, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring. Advancing risk stratification, exploring novel therapies, and conducting multicenter research are essential for optimizing management and further understanding the impact of maternal autoimmunity.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970439
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OBJECTIVE: To compare Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy and Traditional Hysteroscopy in terms of pain during the procedure, time taken for the procedure, and success of the procedure. METHODS: Comparative observational study don...OBJECTIVE: To compare Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy and Traditional Hysteroscopy in terms of pain during the procedure, time taken for the procedure, and success of the procedure. METHODS: Comparative observational study done at ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital between August 1, 2022, and February 29, 2024, in which hundred women of reproductive age group planned for diagnostic hysteroscopy were randomized in two groups: group A undergoing traditional hysteroscopy (50 patients) and group B undergoing vaginoscopic hysteroscopy (50 patients). RESULTS: The total pain score was calculated for each group; it was found to be significantly lower in vaginoscopic technique ( < 0.001). The mean time was 5 min 5 s for traditional hysteroscopy and 6 min 45 s for vaginoscopic hysteroscopy with no significant difference statistically. There was no statistically significant difference in success rates in both the groups. CONCLUSION: The vaginoscopic approach is a better tolerated and less painful technique and therefore should be preferred over the traditional hysteroscopy.
Powalkar P, Sancheti N, Shah N
… +4 more, Desai S, Shah P, Sharma R, Patil S
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970438
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BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of maternal and perinatal fatalities are avertable through enhanced emergency obstetric and neonatal care within healthcare facilities. Simulation-based training provides a safe and e...BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of maternal and perinatal fatalities are avertable through enhanced emergency obstetric and neonatal care within healthcare facilities. Simulation-based training provides a safe and error-tolerant environment for practice, thereby ensuring that real patients remain unharmed. This effectively removes the conflicting objectives of patient care and education within the clinical experiences of trainee doctors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Emergency Obstetrics training curriculum involved CAE Lucina obstetrics simulator on which emergency obstetrics case scenarios were conducted. Evaluation of participants was done using clinical case scenarios based questionnaire, CATS scale and case management outcomes while managing simulation-based case scenarios. Post-training the quantitative data was compared using paired test. RESULTS: Total 154 participants completed this study. At the end of this study, when pre- and post-test data were compared, there was significant improvement seen in the participants performance. For questionnaire, the mean improvement in score was 2.68 points (95%CI 2.34-3.03, < 0.05). CATS scale showed overall Mean improvement of 25.31(95%CI 23.38-27.24, < 0.05). All the parameters of CATS scale showed significant improvement. Case management outcomes were improved from 63.3 to 79.59% at the end of this study. CONCLUSION: This research highlights remarkable efficacy associated with the implementation of high fidelity simulation methodologies in the training concerning obstetric emergencies. The integration of a virtual reality high fidelity simulator with traditional hands-on training approaches, possesses the potential to effectively bridge the existing knowledge and skills gap.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970437
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BACKGROUND: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, potentially fatal form of systolic heart failure occurring in late pregnancy or early postpartum, typically without prior structural heart disease. In India, its in...BACKGROUND: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, potentially fatal form of systolic heart failure occurring in late pregnancy or early postpartum, typically without prior structural heart disease. In India, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 1374 live births, with maternal mortality up to 15% in resource-limited settings. When coexisting with preeclampsia, PPCM presents diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Although bromocriptine is supported by trials and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines, its use in India remains limited, especially in hypertensive pregnancies due to safety concerns. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe three antenatal patients with PPCM and severe preeclampsia managed at a tertiary referral hospital. All had moderate-to-severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF 25-35%). One, treated without bromocriptine, had persistent dyspnoea and LVEF < 45% at two weeks postpartum. Two others received bromocriptine (2.5 mg daily); one initiated early showed full recovery (LVEF 60% by day 14), while the other, started on day 8 postpartum, showed partial recovery (LVEF 50%). DISCUSSION: The series underscores the importance of early echocardiography in distinguishing PPCM from preeclampsia-induced pulmonary oedema. It supports the "two-hit hypothesis", where preeclampsia acts as a second insult, triggering oxidative stress and formation of a cardiotoxic 16-kDa prolactin fragment. Bromocriptine, by inhibiting prolactin, may interrupt this pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of PPCM in preeclamptic patients and timely initiation of bromocriptine with standard therapy can improve cardiac recovery. Multidisciplinary management is key to addressing treatment hesitancy and improving maternal outcomes in Indian settings.
Eragam A, Saha SC, Singh T
… +2 more, Pal A, Saini SS
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970436
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the lipid profile of pregnant women having fetuses that carried Major Non-syndromic Congenital Malformations (MNCA) (cases) with women of normal fetuses (controls). METHODS: This was a prospective o...OBJECTIVE: To compare the lipid profile of pregnant women having fetuses that carried Major Non-syndromic Congenital Malformations (MNCA) (cases) with women of normal fetuses (controls). METHODS: This was a prospective observational case-control study. The majority of the cases had fetuses with neural tube defects (64%), and the rest of the fetuses had either congenital heart disease, urogenital malformations, or musculoskeletal disorders. Lipid profiles which included total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) of cases were compared with gestation-matched controls. A single fasting blood sample was analyzed in both groups and assessed for lipids. RESULTS: Hypotriglyceridemia, decreased cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were seen in cases in comparison with controls, Pearson's correlation coefficient (otherwise Spearman rank correlation coefficient) was applied to find out the correlation between case and controls, and it showed a statistically significant decrease in TGs, LDL, and HDL in cases in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION: Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL are essential for the development of the fetus in early pregnancy. Studies have proven that a decrease in these levels in mothers leads to major congenital malformations. In our study, hypolipidemia might have an association with the prevalence of MNCA. SIGNIFICANCE: It is known that lipids are essential in embryogenesis and fetal development. An abnormal lipid profile can disturb this normal mechanism and lead to major malformations. A few studies have shown this association. Our study was done to find out any association between deviant lipid profile and occurrence of major congenital malformations.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970433
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BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is best described as a pregnancy specific syndrome that can affect virtually every organ system. Even though a multitude of novel markers are available, serum magnesium is a cost-effective method...BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is best described as a pregnancy specific syndrome that can affect virtually every organ system. Even though a multitude of novel markers are available, serum magnesium is a cost-effective method in prediction of preedampsia. The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between serum magnesium and preeclampsia and its role in prediction of the same. METHODS: This is a comparative study done over a period of 18 months including antenatal women at 32 weeks period of gestation with 60 participants in each group with BP recording of > 140/90 mmHg as cases and < 140/90 mmHg as controls and serum magnesium levels were compared. RESULTS: Mean serum magnesium (1.82 ± 0.26) levels were noted to be lower in preeclampsia group ( value < 0.001), whereas the mean age (32.4 ± 4.4) and BMI (29.7 ± 1.9) in the preeclampsia group were higher than that in normotensive group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that detection of serum magnesium can be cost-effective method for prediction of preeclampsia and its supplementation in pregnancy can aid in prevention as well.
Akhtar S, Pandey P, Diwedi P
… +4 more, Dixit A, Aggarwal R, Agarwal S, Mittal KK
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41970432
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BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where early detection and screening programs are limited. Immun...BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where early detection and screening programs are limited. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as p16, Ki67, and p63 have shown potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy in cervical lesions. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of these markers in preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions and correlate them with clinicopathological features. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 209 histologically confirmed cervical biopsy specimens collected between 2016 and 2022. The cases included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I-III), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, and poorly differentiated malignancies. Clinical data including age, symptoms, parity, and smoking history were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry for p16, Ki67, and p63 was performed, and expression patterns were statistically analyzed across different lesion grades. RESULT: CIN I (44.5%) and SCC (42.6%) were the most common diagnoses. The mean age increased with lesion severity (CIN I: 44.91 years; SCC: 51.14 years; < 0.001). AUB and smoking were more prevalent in SCC cases (51.97% and 53.25%, respectively). P16 expression increased with lesion grade (Grade 3 in CIN I: 0%; SCC: 29.87%; < 0.001). Ki67 showed high expression (2 + or 3 +) in 100% of SCC cases ( < 0.001). P63 expression was strong in all SCC and CIN III cases but absent in adenocarcinomas ( < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical markers p16, Ki67, and p63 demonstrate statistically significant expression patterns correlating with lesion severity and histological subtype. These biomarkers are valuable adjuncts in distinguishing low-grade from high-grade and invasive cervical lesions, supporting their use in routine diagnostic practice.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476835
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BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens poses a persistent challenge, with resistant strains emerging even as new antibiotics are introduced. The aim of this study was to es...BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens poses a persistent challenge, with resistant strains emerging even as new antibiotics are introduced. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of STI pathogens and antibiotic resistance level in tribal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endocervical swab samples were collected from 110 women (aged ≤ 55). Multiplex real-time PCR was performed for the simultaneous detection of 08 STI pathogens in the target population. AST of commonly prescribed antibiotics was performed against most prevalent pathogens by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 20.0. RESULTS: Out of 110, 85.45% of samples tested positive for at least one of the targeted eight STI pathogens. The most common pathogen was detected in 67.27% samples followed by (59.09%), (33.64%), (19.14%), Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2,(13.64%), (8.18%), (7.27%), and (5.45%). The STIs were more prevalent in age groups 36-41. The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results showed that the multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate for spp. was 100%, and that of spp. was 45%. CONCLUSION: The present study showed high frequency of STIs and antibiotic resistance in tribal populations. Real-time PCR is a vital tool for rapidly and accurately detecting STI pathogens, aiding in early and efficient diagnosis for better treatment outcomes. The alarming resistance patterns highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and updated clinical guidelines to effectively address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in spp. and spp. in this region.
Shah K, Bhat S, Vinod V
… +2 more, Ashwini AP, Bhat R
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476834
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is surging worldwide among all the age groups. As a result of obesity in reproductive-aged women, an increasing number of pregnancies are being detected with obesity. Optimal health is crucial for hea...BACKGROUND: Obesity is surging worldwide among all the age groups. As a result of obesity in reproductive-aged women, an increasing number of pregnancies are being detected with obesity. Optimal health is crucial for healthy mothers, foetuses and neonates. A high body mass index (BMI) poses a unique challenge to obstetricians. This study was conducted to identify the influence of maternal obesity on adverse pregnancy outcomes among nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. METHODOLOGY: A cohort of 642 pregnant women who delivered singleton babies between January 2022 and July 2024 was identified retrospectively. The body mass index was calculated in the first trimester and grouped as underweight, normal, overweight, obese (I), or obese (II) according to the Asia Pacific guidelines. Selected obstetric, perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Compared with pregnancies with a normal BMI, obese pregnancies were significantly more likely to have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension in pregnancy (HIP), caesarean delivery (CD) and macrosomia. Anaemia, low birth weight and growth restriction were less common in the obese group and more common in the underweight group. There was no significant association between threatened abortion, thyroid disorders and preterm deliveries in the study population. The odds of developing GDM were 2.3 (1.63-3.48) and 7.3 (3.79-14.26) for the HIP in the high BMI group. The risk of CD was 1.17 (0.46-2.98), and that of macrosomia was 2.26 (0.92-5.51) in the obese group. CONCLUSION: Obesity during pregnancy is associated with a significant risk for the feto-maternal dyad. The risk of adverse outcomes increases with increasing obesity. The metabolic changes associated with obesity can be curtailed by physical activity and restriction of weight gain during pregnancy.
Shenoy DR, Ananthanarayanan R, Niyas VKM
… +3 more, R V, Sabu B, Mohan S
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476833
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BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has emerged as a significant global health concern due to its potential adverse effects on maternal and fetal health. Severe fetal abnormalities, such as microc...BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has emerged as a significant global health concern due to its potential adverse effects on maternal and fetal health. Severe fetal abnormalities, such as microcephaly, were notably linked to previous ZIKV outbreaks, particularly in Brazil. However, the correlation between ZIKV and congenital anomalies in India remains inconclusive. STUDY: This case series retrospectively analysed pregnant women diagnosed with Zika virus disease (ZVD) at KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, from 2021 to 2024. ZIKV infection was confirmed via ZIKV RT-PCR testing on patient samples.The study identified ten confirmed cases of ZVD in pregnant women. Clinical presentations included maculopapular rash (in all patients), fever, joint pain, non-purulent conjunctivitis, and myalgia. Among these, two infections near term resulted in normal fetal outcomes, one mid-trimester infection led to a normal delivery, six women opted for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), and one woman experienced a miscarriage. CONCLUSION: The clinical features of ZVD during pregnancy observed in this cohort were similar to those in the general population. The absence of congenital anomalies suggests a potentially less pathogenic strain of ZIKV in India. However, further studies involving larger populations are required to conclusively determine the risk of congenital Zika syndrome in this region. This study underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and research to fully understand the impact of ZIKV on pregnancy in India.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476831
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BACKGROUND: The WHO classification of contraceptive effectiveness placed IUCD in the most effective first tier. The family welfare program, in India, has recently emphasized postpartum IUCD insertion to space childbirth,...BACKGROUND: The WHO classification of contraceptive effectiveness placed IUCD in the most effective first tier. The family welfare program, in India, has recently emphasized postpartum IUCD insertion to space childbirth, resulting in reducing childbirth-related complications and a small family norm. However, evidence suggests that the acceptability of PPIUCD is still a challenge in developing countries, though in fully informed woman, PPIUCD is a satisfactory method of contraception. Therefore, the present study will try to find out the factors associated with the acceptance and refusal of PPIUCD which is available free of cost, under the National Family Planning Program in India. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, over a period of 1 year, from February 2023 to January 2024. Women who delivered, either vaginally or by cesarean section were included in the present study. The categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. A P value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Out of 1127 women who delivered and were counseled for PPIUCD as contraception, 32.7% (368) accepted and 67.3% (759) refused it. Of all, 42.5% were from the 20-30 years age group, but acceptance of PPIUCD was seen higher (36.2%) in the 30-40 years age group. The odds of acceptance of PPIUCD were 4.2 times higher in housewives compared to working women [OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 3.2-5.6]. Women with ≥ 4 ANC checkups in recent pregnancy accepted PPIUCD use by 47.2%. 53.2% of women (404/759) cited unawareness of the method as the main cause of refusal. CONCLUSION: More antenatal checkups resulted in higher acceptance of PPIUCD. Preference for another method of contraception and not being aware of PPIUCD are the major contributing factors to its refusal.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476829
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INTRODUCTION: Swyer syndrome is a rare condition of complete gonadal dysgenesis due to mutations in the Y chromosome SRY gene, leading to testicular underdevelopment. In this condition individuals present with a female p...INTRODUCTION: Swyer syndrome is a rare condition of complete gonadal dysgenesis due to mutations in the Y chromosome SRY gene, leading to testicular underdevelopment. In this condition individuals present with a female phenotype despite having a male karyotype (46, XY). METHOD AND MATERIALS: This retrospective review of five cases of Swyer Syndrome at our centre since 2013. RESULTS: All five patients, raised as girls, presented at 18-31 years with primary amenorrhea; one had hyposmia. Breast development ranged from Tanner stage 1-4 with varying axillary hair. Internal exams showed an infantile uterus and cervix. Imaging revealed small to normal uterus and streak gonads. Elevated serum FSH and low testosterone confirmed the diagnosis (46, XY karyotype). Three patients underwent laparoscopic gonadectomy due to gonadoblastona risk; two were lost to follow-up. All received Estrogens and Progesterone replacement therapy development of secondary sexual characters. CONCLUSIONS: Swyer syndrome requires high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Early identification allows timely hormone therapy and consideration of gonadectomy to prevent gonadoblastona.
Darshan HN, Sharmila V, Yoga P
… +1 more, Arun Babu T
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476828
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INTRODUCTION: High-risk pregnancies refer to conditions that pose significant health risks to the mother, the foetus, or both. These pregnancies are linked to a higher incidence of maternal complications, such as antepar...INTRODUCTION: High-risk pregnancies refer to conditions that pose significant health risks to the mother, the foetus, or both. These pregnancies are linked to a higher incidence of maternal complications, such as antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, infections, and an increased need for operative deliveries. Additionally, infants born to high-risk mothers have an increased likelihood of low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress, and a higher risk of neonatal mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at AIIMS Mangalagiri, a tertiary carte institute in South India over a period of two years from January 2023 to January 2025 after obtaining IEC approval. A total of 432 pregnant women were enrolled in study. Each participant was stratified into low, moderate, or high-risk categories using a risk scoring system. The maternal and foetal outcomes of each group were analysed. RESULTS: Among the 432 participants, 97 (22.5%) were classified as high-risk. Higher Coopland's scores were significantly associated with unfavourable maternal outcomes, including increased hospitalizations, labour inductions, operative deliveries, and intrapartum complications such as prolonged or difficult labour. The high-risk group also experienced a significantly higher incidence of postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal fever, and extended hospital stays. Additionally, adverse foetal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, low APGAR scores, the need for neonatal resuscitation, NICU admission, and prolonged NICU stays, were significantly more frequent in this group. CONCLUSION: The high-risk group constituted 97 (22.5%) of pregnant women delivering at our institute, as determined by the risk scoring system. Higher risk scores were significantly associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including complications during labour, postpartum, and neonatal care. The early detection of high-risk pregnancies using reliable risk assessment tools enables timely interventions and specialized care, ultimately enhancing the health and well-being of both mother and baby. This study highlights the significance of integrating risk evaluation methods into routine prenatal care to achieve better pregnancy outcomes.
J Obstet Gynaecol India
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41476826
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BACKGROUND: Workplace violence against women in healthcare is a pervasive and alarming issue with far-reaching consequences for individuals, institutions, and society. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to highlight the need f...BACKGROUND: Workplace violence against women in healthcare is a pervasive and alarming issue with far-reaching consequences for individuals, institutions, and society. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to address workplace violence, ensuring safer workplaces and promoting women's well-being. METHODS: A multi-faceted strategy is proposed, encompassing enhanced legislation, institutional accountability, gender-sensitive workplaces, education, and community outreach to dismantle the culture of silence. CONCLUSION: By adopting a comprehensive approach, we can dismantle the culture of silence, promote a culture of respect and accountability, and create safer workplaces, ultimately upholding the fundamental right to safety and well-being for women in healthcare.