Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology Of India[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Adoption Service in India: Current Scenario.
Tandulwadkar S, Kalpana B, Gupta D … +1 more , Anand A
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Dec · PMID 41476825 · Full text
Adoption refers to legally taking a child to be taken care of as your own. Adoption and maintenance act guides the process of adoption in our country. CARA is one such body which streamlines the adoption process. Gynaeco...
Adoption refers to legally taking a child to be taken care of as your own. Adoption and maintenance act guides the process of adoption in our country. CARA is one such body which streamlines the adoption process. Gynaecologists play a crucial role in guiding the couples with infertility visiting the outpatinet department for adoption after ruling out their eligibility.
Lipschütz Ulcer: EBV or Mycoplasma?
Terrinoni M, Adinolfi F, Baldoni A … +2 more , Rossetti D, Di Renzo GC
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Dec · PMID 41476824 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Lipschütz's acute vulvar ulceration is the vulvar manifestation of a systemic pathology. It is first reported in 1912 and is a non-sexually acquired condition characterized by symmetrical genital ulcers. It i...
BACKGROUND: Lipschütz's acute vulvar ulceration is the vulvar manifestation of a systemic pathology. It is first reported in 1912 and is a non-sexually acquired condition characterized by symmetrical genital ulcers. It is an underdiagnosed condition with poor cases described in the literature. The main symptom is pain. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case report of a 14-year-old patient with painful genital ulcers associated with flu-like symptoms. The gynaecological examination showed the presence of multiple vulvar lesions. The diagnosis of Lipschütz ulcers was a diagnosis of exclusion. CONCLUSION: This rare condition must not be underestimated because of any psychophysical implication. It is mandatory to reassure the patient and her family of its benign course.
Evaluation of Adnexal Masses in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Females-A One-year Prospective Observational Study.
Dogra K, Khajuria R, Sharma A
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Dec · PMID 41476823 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adnexal masses is 0.17% to 5.9% in asymptomatic and 7.1% to 12% in symptomatic patients. They can be benign or malignant. The initial detection and evaluation of an adnexal mass requires a h...
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adnexal masses is 0.17% to 5.9% in asymptomatic and 7.1% to 12% in symptomatic patients. They can be benign or malignant. The initial detection and evaluation of an adnexal mass requires a high index of suspicion, a thorough history and examination and careful attention to subtle historical clues. Timely appropriate laboratory studies like serum cancer markers and radiographic studies are required to make a diagnosis, and finally, histopathological report tells us the exact nature of mass and guides further management. METHODOLOGY: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu, over a period of one year from August 1st, 2023 to July 31st, 2024. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of adnexal masses with their related factors in this age group and to evaluate the adnexal mass in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group. A total of 100 patients of adnexal masses with age > 40 years meeting inclusion and exclusion were included in the study. From all patients, history was obtained, clinical examination done followed by blood analysis, tumor markers, ultrasonography findings, CT and MRI findings of pelvic organs wherever applicable was done. Histopathological report was obtained. RESULTS: Adnexal mass was found to be more common in age group 40-50 years (48%). The usual presentation was with symptoms of abdominal pain (76%). Left-sided ovarian mass (41%) was more common than right-sided (32%) or bilateral masses (13%). USG 1 score was reported mostly in subjects with benign mass (67 out of 71), while USG 4 score was reported maximum among malignant mass (19 out of 29). CA-125 < 35 level was reported maximum among benign mass (68 out of 72), while > 35 level of CA-125 was reported maximum among malignant mass (19 out of 28). RMI < 200 was found mostly among benign mass (77 out of 79), while RMI > 200 was reported maximum in malignant mass (21 out of 21). In our study, each parameter when compared with histopathological report using kappa stats, results were found to be statistically significant ( < 0.05). Benign masses were present in 64.2% cases and malignant masses were present in 35.8% cases in perimenopausal age group and 33.3% benign and 66.7% malignant cases were present in postmenopausal age group. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CA-125 are important adjuvants which play vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of adnexal masses in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women. RMI and histopathology findings are in positive correlation. Therefore, it can be concluded that RMI can be used for evaluation of adnexal mass preoperatively and thus guides further management.
Maternal Near-Miss Among Women Admitted to Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt.
Nofal A, Morsi D, Alghalban Y
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Dec · PMID 41476822 · Full text
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify Maternal near miss cases among women admitted to Menoufia university hospitals, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ob...
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify Maternal near miss cases among women admitted to Menoufia university hospitals, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Menoufia University hospital. Egypt. (from the First of February 2023 to the end of January 2024). The study was approved by the ethical committee in the university. Information was collected from patients' files. A checklist was used to collect data from the hospital records of eligible cases. RESULTS: The study included 3392 participants: 3 maternal deaths and 260 Maternal Near-Miss cases. There were 3356 deliveries, 3328 live births. The MNM incidence ratio was 78.13 per 1000 live births and Maternal Mortality Ratio was 90.1/100 000 live births. Mortality Index was 1.1%. The leading causes of MNM 1-Obstetric causes: Uterine dysfunction, morbidly adherent placenta and Obstetric hemorrhage.2- Medical causes: Severe preeclampsia, and Neurologic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: MNM cases are relatively high in incidence relative to maternal mortality. Uterine dysfunction, morbidly adherent placenta, and obstetric hemorrhage were the main direct obstetric causes while the main medical causes were severe pre-eclampsia, neurological dysfunction and severe anemia. The main causes require strict and quick management protocols.
Compliance to Standards of Colposcopy in an Effort to Reduce the Cervical Cancer Burden: An Audit.
Raji PS, Thomas A, Thomas DS … +5 more , Thomas V, Sebastian A, Banupriya G, Daniel S, Jennifer A
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Dec · PMID 41476821 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Colposcopy remains the gold standard as a triage tool for evaluating pre-invasive cervical lesions. A colposcopy scoring system is introduced to minimize inter-observer variation. The National Health Servic...
INTRODUCTION: Colposcopy remains the gold standard as a triage tool for evaluating pre-invasive cervical lesions. A colposcopy scoring system is introduced to minimize inter-observer variation. The National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP), in collaboration with the British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, has published guidelines covering various issues regarding quality assurance in cervical cancer prevention, including the standard requirements for colposcopy services. Our study aimed to assess the colposcopic quality standards and evaluate the concordance of colposcopic findings with cervical biopsy in a tertiary care institution. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Retrospective data are collected from electronic medical records and colposcopy registers over a period of 5 years (1st January 2018 - 31st December 2022). According to the NHS Cervical Screening Programme Colposcopy and Programme Guidelines 2016, Parameters were recorded. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: During the period of 5 years, 437 patients were identified. The mean age was 48.2±11 years. Cytology results were available in 431 (98.6%) women. The main indication of colposcopy was abnormal cervical cytology in 74.1% of patients. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was seen in 20.4% of patients, and atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) in 21.3% of which 56.4% were human papillomavirus (HPV) positive.The colposcopic impression, type of transformation zone (TZ), and Swedes score were documented in 96.6%, 71.1%, and 96.3% cases, respectively. Biopsy was done in 388 (88.7%) patients (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I) in 11.4%, CIN II-III in 26.6%, carcinoma in situ in 2.3%, and invasive cancer in 6.9%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the Swedes' score in predicting lesions CIN2 or more was 64.5%. The correlation of the Swede's score <6 to low-grade biopsies (< CIN II) and score >6 to higher grade biopsies was fair, with a kappa coefficient of 0.3. CONCLUSION: The subjective nature of colposcopy demands continued audit of individual practice to improve on areas found to be deficient. By using a standardized template for documentation and conducting regular audits, we can identify areas for improvement, better detection of pre-cancer lesions on colposcopy, and engage in continuous professional development.
Problems with Classifying Type 3 Uterine Fibroids as Submucous in the 2018 FIGO Revisions.
Darwish A, Darwish D
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180445 · Full text
BACKGROUND: FIGO classification of a 100% intramural fibroid contacting the endometrium as type 3. OBJECTIVES: Pros and cons of this modification are discussed. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic myomectomy of type 3 fibroid is a...
BACKGROUND: FIGO classification of a 100% intramural fibroid contacting the endometrium as type 3. OBJECTIVES: Pros and cons of this modification are discussed. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic myomectomy of type 3 fibroid is a risky procedure and should be cautiously performed by an expert hysteroscopist. More research is required to assess safety issues and feasibility of either hysteroscopic or laparoscopic myomectomy in type 3 fibroids.
Safety and Efficacy of Bipolar Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor in Pregnancy: A Case Series and Review of Literature.
Para SA, Gull S, Ansari FM
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180444 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Bladder malignancy is uncommon during pregnancy, and there is paucity in the literature about the optimal management. Endoscopic procedures and use of energy sources within bladder always pose a significant...
INTRODUCTION: Bladder malignancy is uncommon during pregnancy, and there is paucity in the literature about the optimal management. Endoscopic procedures and use of energy sources within bladder always pose a significant risk to pregnancy. Bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumor allows precise resection, minimizes collateral damage and allows complete resection of tumor. In this retrospective study, we analyze the safety and efficacy of bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumor in the management of bladder tumor during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study over a period of 6 years carried out at a tertiary referral center. Pregnancy patients with bladder tumors underwent transurethral bipolar resection of tumor and any complication or adverse event during the procedure were recorded. Disease and obstetric outcome was analyzed to access the safety and effectiveness of this procedure during pregnancy. RESULTS: Seven pregnant patients were with an average age of 38.5 ± 4.2 years and average gestational age of 21.5 ± 7.5 weeks underwent bipolar TURBT in last 6 years. Smoking as a risk factor was identified in one patient, and one patient had personal history of bladder tumor. Majority of patients presented with gross hematuria (57.14%). The mean resection time was 19.5 ± 8.9 min, and the average hospital stay was 2.5 ± 0.5 days. There was no major complication recorded in intraoperative or postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Bipolar TURBT is safe and effective in the management of bladder tumor during pregnancy.
The Findings of Color Doppler Ultrasound in AGA Fetuses in the Third Trimester with a Drop of Two Standard Deviations of Estimated Fetal Weight in Pregnant Women.
Keshavarz P, Moshfeghi M, Soleimani Z … +3 more , Rokhgireh S, Derakhshan R, Hashemi N
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180443 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses has not been comprehensively assessed. This study aim was to evaluate the findings of Doppler ultrasound in AGA fet...
BACKGROUND: Detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses has not been comprehensively assessed. This study aim was to evaluate the findings of Doppler ultrasound in AGA fetuses who had a drop of two standard deviations from the estimated fetal weight index (EFW) in the third trimester. METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all pregnant women referred to perinatology wards for routine screening in pregnancy with AGA fetuses that have more than 20% drop in the weight percentile in the third trimester of pregnancy were included to the study. After registering the information related to Doppler ultrasound and their demographic characteristics, the patients were followed up, and the information related to the delivery outcome was also recorded. RESULTS: 74% of the cases had more than 20% drop in the weight percentile. For both categories of weight change, the percentiles of PI-UA, PI-MCA, and CPR were 90%, 50% and 25%, respectively. Results showed the significant difference in the CPR in two groups including aspirin consumption and no taking it (1.93 ± 0.35 vs. 1.66 ± 0.43, = 0.018). CONCLUSION: The color Doppler ultrasound findings can help in better detection of AGA fetuses at risk would enable enhanced surveillance of these cases, and reduction their stillbirth risk.
Metabolic Risk Profile of Eastern Indian Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Biswas S, Mukherjee K, Bhattacharyya R … +3 more , Mukherjee A, Biswas SC, Mukhopadhyay S
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180442 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To determine different clinical, hormonal and biochemical parameters among all four phenotypes of women with PCOS in Eastern India that may help in identifying and intervening the at risk group of women going...
OBJECTIVE: To determine different clinical, hormonal and biochemical parameters among all four phenotypes of women with PCOS in Eastern India that may help in identifying and intervening the at risk group of women going to develop metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving women from Eastern India, suffering from PCOS attending Gynaecological OPD at IPGMER, Kolkata. Consecutive 126 PCOS women recruited, diagnosed using revised Rotterdam criteria 2003, were categorized into four different PCOS phenotypes. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, endocrine and metabolic parameters were analyzed, using SPSS 11.0. RESULTS: The differences in the levels of Fasting Insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1C), Triglyceride, Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Total Testosterone, Anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin resistance were statistically significant across the four groups. The prevalence of obesity, abnormal of lipid profile, insulin resistance were highest in phenotype B. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was much higher in phenotypes A and B (19.51% and 20.0%) compared with phenotype C and D (7.69% and 7.41%). CONCLUSION: It's important to recognize PCOS phenotypes, correct the hormonal and metabolic disorder in time to rescue them before PCOS becomes a full blown metabolic syndrome.
Obstructive Uropathy Secondary to Pelvic Endometriosis: A Scary Story!
Tantia A, Barde K, Pipara G … +2 more , Pipara R, Khanna S
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180441 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis presents as-1. superficial, 2. ovarian endometrioma, and 3. deep infiltrating endometriosis. Obstructive uropathy can rarely result from endometriosis, especially in premenopausal women-incide...
INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis presents as-1. superficial, 2. ovarian endometrioma, and 3. deep infiltrating endometriosis. Obstructive uropathy can rarely result from endometriosis, especially in premenopausal women-incidence being 0.3%-12%. CASE: A 40-year-old married, working female presented to ER with severe left-sided flank pain radiating, lump abdomen, heavy menstrual bleeding, and inability to pass urine. Physical examination revealed a large 24-week lump abdomen. Imaging studies were done with USG showing a large cystic left adnexal mass which was followed by CT urography showing hydroureteronephrosis and a large cystic mass of 10 cm compressing the urinary bladder and ureter, along with uterine adenomyosis. Emergency cystoscopy and left DJ stenting was done to relieve the obstruction which resulted in relief from flank pain. This was followed by laparoscopic hysterectomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy with right salpingectomy and adhesiolysis. Postoperative imaging showed complete resolution of ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Histopathology confirmed endometriotic cyst and adenomyosis. DISCUSSION: Endometriosis can present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. Involvement of the urinary system in cases of endometriosis might result in compromise of renal function over time. Prompt surgical management is essential in cases of obstructive uropathy. Cases similar to ours have demonstrated the importance of prompt decompression of urinary tract by emergency DJ stenting followed by definitive surgical management of underlying endometriosis. Modern endometriosis management included the conservative laparoscopic surgery and ureterolysis followed by the resection of concomitant endometriosis and a broad-based multidisciplinary approach, centered on a patient's symptoms and priorities. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering endometriosis as a differential diagnosis of women presenting with urological symptoms as well as the need for collaboration between urologist and gynecologist in such cases solidifying that the rapid intervention and multidisciplinary line of management is essential for optimal patient outcome.
Improving the Acceptance Rate of Long Acting Reversible Contraception as a Method of Post-abortion Contraception: A Prospective Quality Improvement Study.
Kale A, Sarkar A, Kale A … +4 more , Lanjewar P, Yerra AK, Verma N, Kumari S
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180440 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Among the 121 million unintended pregnancies annually of which 61% (73.3 millions) ended up in abortion. This huge 61% figure reminds us of the unmet need for family planning which still remains a global heal...
BACKGROUND: Among the 121 million unintended pregnancies annually of which 61% (73.3 millions) ended up in abortion. This huge 61% figure reminds us of the unmet need for family planning which still remains a global health issue. So, comes the utmost need for post-abortion contraception (PAC) which significantly minimizes the risk of repeat unintended pregnancies. Long acting reversible contraception (LARC), requiring administration less than once a month, remains the most recommended contraceptive method by international bodies like the center for disease control and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Still it remains underutilized despite its contraceptive and non-contraceptive benefits. This QI project aimed to address the barriers to acceptance of LARC as a PAC in the Indian scenario, thereby introducing appropriate interventions to improve the existing acceptance rate of LARC by at least 50% by baseline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This QI was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 24 months (July 2021 to June 2023) using a point-of-care QI methodology systematically. This QI study was conducted in three phases: a pre-intervention baseline phase (6 months), an intervention phase with three PDSA cycles (12 months: each PDSA cycle of 4 months) and a post-intervention follow-up phase (6 months). The QI study has been done in strict compliance with the SQUIRE guidelines. RESULTS: Baseline observations showed poor acceptance of LARC as PAC with the average of 14.5% over a period of six months. After the end of first cycle, LARC acceptance rate improved to 40%. At the end of the second PDSA cycle, the rate of acceptance increased to 52.6%. Highest level of acceptance was observed after the third cycle which was about 75%. Although a minimal decrease in the acceptance of LARC was noted in subsequent months (ranging from 57.8 to 69.2%; average 62.9%), a satisfactory increase in the acceptance of LARC as PAC was observed when compared to the baseline data (acceptance of 14.5%). CONCLUSION: Improvement in the acceptance of LARC as PAC was the result of proper communication and effective counselling. It was through the collaborative effort of the entire team and meticulous counselling by doctors, nursing staff and counselors that a good acceptance rate could be sustained over time.
Social Media in Obstetrics & Gynaecology: How Far can we Go??
Dalvi S
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180439 · Full text
In the last decade, social media has evolved from a casual communication tool to a powerful platform for professional engagement, education, and advocacy -particularly in the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ob Gyn)....
In the last decade, social media has evolved from a casual communication tool to a powerful platform for professional engagement, education, and advocacy -particularly in the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Ob Gyn). As maternal health, reproductive rights, and gynaecologic care continue to occupy central roles in public discourse, social media offers Ob Gyn professionals a unique opportunity to amplify evidence-based information, foster community, and shape the future of women's health. Ob Gyn professionals have increasingly embraced platforms like Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube to share research findings, clinical insights, and public health messages. This shift is not merely cosmetic, but it reflects a deeper transformation in how knowledge is disseminated and consumed. Despite its promise, social media in Ob Gyn is not without pitfalls. This article explores the multifaceted impact of social media in Ob Gyn, from academic visibility and patient education to ethical considerations and institutional strategy.
Extended Letrozole Treatment for Ovulation Induction and Clinical Pregnancy in Conventional Treatment-resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Prospective Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial.
Mehrabian F, Zamani Dehkordi N, Zakerinasab F … +6 more , Zarimeidani F, Rahmati R, Lotfizadeh M, Ataei-Goujani H, Naghshineh E, Ghasemi Tehrani H
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180438 · Full text
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of anovulatory infertility. Due to the high rates of ovulation and pregnancies, Letrozole (LE) has recently been considered the first-line...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of anovulatory infertility. Due to the high rates of ovulation and pregnancies, Letrozole (LE) has recently been considered the first-line ovulation induction medication administered to PCOS patients. Nowadays, different clinical trials have examined various LE protocol methods to reach the best strategy for infertility therapy in PCOS patients. METHODS: This study was designed as a single-center, parallel randomized [1:1] clinical trial. It was registered on the World Health Organization trial registry of IRAN with registration number IRCT20110908007513N19. Eligible participants with PCOS resistant to conventional treatment were assigned to receive extended LE treatment for 7 days (group A) and 10 days (group B). Primary endpoints included ovulation rate and follicle measurements, while secondary endpoints assessed pregnancy rates and complications. A per-protocol analysis was considered. RESULTS: Among 55 participants, the mean age was 29.27, with a BMI of 25.51. In group A, 27/27 patients were ovulated, and lastly, 10 indicated clinical pregnancy. In group B, 27/28 patients were ovulated, and only 5 indicated clinical pregnancy. While the variation in clinical pregnancy rates between the groups in our study did not achieve statistical significance, the observed trend indicates a potentially significant clinical implication. Hormone profiles, follicle sizes, and endometrial thickness did not significantly differ between clinically pregnant and non-pregnant females in both groups. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Although several conventional treatment-resistant females eventually became pregnant in a 7- or 10-day course of treatment, there are no notable differences between LE therapy in 7-day and 10-day groups. Further extensive studies are needed to validate the findings. Healthcare professionals should take this trend into account when assessing treatment alternatives, particularly within the framework of personalized patient care, as even slight enhancements in pregnancy rates can have significant effects. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION TRIAL REGISTRY OF IRAN REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT20110908007513N19.
Antenatal Management and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patient with factor X Deficiency Managed with Prothrombin Complex Concentrates.
Mamilla S, Elati N, Shukla P
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180437 · Full text
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Assessment and Establishment of Determinants of Sexual Activity in Pregnancy in Primigravidae and Multigravidae.
Gandhi AA, Samant PY
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180436 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life that involves physical and mental changes. This study aimed at evaluating woman's sexual experience in pregnancy. METHODS: Cross sectional study design. We coll...
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life that involves physical and mental changes. This study aimed at evaluating woman's sexual experience in pregnancy. METHODS: Cross sectional study design. We collected data pertaining to pregnant women's sexual behaviour via a questionnaire from 171 healthy pregnant women. Responses were summarised and comparisons were made between trimesters of pregnancy and primigravidae and multigravidae. RESULTS: We studied various aspects such as marriage related information, factors affecting sexual activity, frequency of sexual activity across trimesters, causes for abstinence of sexual activity in primigravidae and multigravidae. The majority of women perceived an overall decline in sexual desire progressively increasing in each trimester. None of the patients reported an increase in coital frequency. We determined that in 62 cases, the source of information regarding sexual activity during pregnancy was their partners. CONCLUSION: The authors encourage the provision of sexuality education to newlyweds and the resolution of sex-related concerns during pregnancy.
Micronutrients in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Mini-Review Article.
Pandey A
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180435 · Full text
Micronutrients are fundamental in maintaining the general health of a woman and play a pivotal role in reproductive health, with heightened importance during pregnancy and lactation. Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals...
Micronutrients are fundamental in maintaining the general health of a woman and play a pivotal role in reproductive health, with heightened importance during pregnancy and lactation. Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals-common globally-are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as anemia, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, neural tube defects (NTDs), and intrauterine growth restriction. Micronutrients may affect the programming of fetal origin of adult diseases. Micronutrient deficiency also plays a part in gynecological disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, endometriosis, fibroids and certain gynecological malignancies. A systematic review of 31 recent articles, including cohort studies and meta-analyses, was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. Twenty-five articles were selected based on relevance and methodological rigor. Deficiencies in iron, folate, vitamin D, zinc, iodine, and vitamin B12 are prevalent among pregnant women, particularly in India. Iron supplementation reduces anemia, but its broader impact remains inconclusive. Folic acid prevents up to 70% of NTDs when started preconceptionally. Calcium and vitamin D lower the risk of preeclampsia. Zinc and iodine deficiencies contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes. Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) has shown superior efficacy compared to iron-folic acid alone in reducing low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age outcomes, though optimal formulations require further study. Adequate micronutrient intake is essential for optimal maternal and fetal health. MMS offers a promising intervention but should be tailored to individual needs to prevent over-supplementation. Future research must address micronutrient interactions, population-specific needs, and personalized nutrition strategies.
Non-Invasive Estimation of Haemoglobin in Pregnancy: Assessing Accuracy and the Effect of Skin Pigmentation.
Mehta N, Bhide A, Chmielewska B … +1 more , Zollner J
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180434 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of a non-invasive device to measure haemoglobin and compare it with the laboratory gold standard in pregnant women, and to assess if the results vary by skin pigmentation. MATERIAL...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of a non-invasive device to measure haemoglobin and compare it with the laboratory gold standard in pregnant women, and to assess if the results vary by skin pigmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Women attending pre-operative assessment before a scheduled caesarean section were invited, and informed consent was taken. Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation was performed using a non-invasive point-of-care device (Masimo Pronto pulse co-oximeter). Venous blood sample was collected for full blood count. The skin pigmentation was classified using the Fitzpatrick scale. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were examined for haemoglobin estimation. Accuracy of the pulse co-oximeter device was assessed in the six Fitzpatrick scales of skin tone. RESULTS: A total of 122 women were recruited. Twelve of these women (9.8%) had their haemoglobin values < 105 g/L. The Pronto device showed a significant positive bias. The mean difference was 23.4 (SD: 11.97) g/L. The 95% limits of agreement were - 0.06 to 46.9 g/L. The difference between the two methods was unrelated to the skin pigmentation. The area under the ROC curve was 0.705 (95% CI: 0.817-0.593, 0.013) for the detection of anaemia. CONCLUSIONS: The point-of-care device (Masimo Pronto pulse co-oximeter) overestimates the Hb readings in pregnant women, and a correction is needed to estimate the real Hb value. The accuracy is unaffected by skin pigmentation. The device may be a potentially useful screening tool in the detection of anaemia in pregnancy in limited resource setting, but the 95% limits of agreements are relatively wide.
Struma Salpingis with Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy.
Lashkari S, Singh B, Kampoowale S … +3 more , Soni D, Tandon A, Maurya S
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180433 · Full text
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Revisiting "3 Delays Model" for Critical Analysis of Hypertensive Maternal Mortality in a Tertiary Care Centre.
Chaudhary N, Mehrotra S, Solanki V … +1 more , Singh U
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180432 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are responsible for 14% of maternal deaths. Maternal mortality is not only due to medical disorder but also due to underlying social-cultural factors lead to delays in gett...
BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are responsible for 14% of maternal deaths. Maternal mortality is not only due to medical disorder but also due to underlying social-cultural factors lead to delays in getting timely and appropriate intervention. This study aimed to analyse three delays, to identify socio-cultural, demographic and accessibility factors that contributed to maternal deaths due to hypertension in pregnancy. METHOD: It was a prospective observational study. Verbal autopsy was done for each maternal death that occurred due to hypertensive disorder. The "3 delay model" concept was used in collection and analysis of data for each maternal death. The Chi-square test ( ) and multivariable logistic regression model were used to accomplish the study objectives. RESULTS: Out of 326 maternal deaths, 52 deaths were due to hypertensive disorders. Pulmonary oedema, eclamptic encephalopathy, sepsis and cerebrovascular accident were the major causes of maternal mortality. In thirty-nine (75%) type I delay was the most significant contributor of maternal death. Twenty-four (46.15%) and 14 (26.9%) had Type II/III delay. The reasons for level I delay were failure to recognize the danger signs, delay in decision-making, no ANC registration, Type II delay being lack of timely transport facility, type III delay being lack of adequate monitoring, delay in initiating treatment and substandard care in hospital were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-cultural and demographic factors significantly contribute to the direct or indirect medical cause of maternal death. Analysing these factors provide deep insight into the maternal death and will provide useful information for guiding the policy makers to take corrective actions and direct their programmes and policies such as strengthening referral networking, widespread coverage of healthcare facility and raising awareness of danger signs of pregnancy by reaching at grass root levels.
Clinical Profile, Risk Factor Stratification and Outcomes of the Fernandez Birth Cohort from India: A Decade of Experience.
Ravula PC, Aziz N, Surapaneni T … +3 more , Kolar G, Vavilala S, Fernandez E
J Obstet Gynaecol India · 2025 Oct · PMID 41180431 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile, risk factor stratification and outcomes of 102,683 successive births at a perinatal tertiary referral network in India. DESIGN: Cross-sectional hospital-based study. SETTING:...
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile, risk factor stratification and outcomes of 102,683 successive births at a perinatal tertiary referral network in India. DESIGN: Cross-sectional hospital-based study. SETTING: Tertiary Perinatal Referral Center Network in India. SAMPLE: 102,683 Births. METHODS: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 102,683 babies birthed by 99,467 women between Jan 2013 and Dec 2023 (11-year period). Women who birthed singletons, twins, triplets or quadruplets were included as cases. The data was collected using an electronic medical record system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mode of Birth, Postpartum Haemorrhage, Maternal Deaths, Live Birth Rate, Pre-Term Births, Small for Gestational Age. RESULTS: Overall, 102,683 babies were birthed during the study period. The mean age of the women was 28.3 ± 4.17 years. About half of them (46.6%) were presented during the first trimester. Most of the women had a spontaneous conception (89.14%). One third of the women at presentation were categorized as high risk (34.95%) which increased significantly during pregnancy and birth (75.18%). The most associated co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus (26.4%), thyroid disorders (26.01%) and hypertension (13.27%). The mode of birth included lower segment caesarean Sect. (50%), spontaneous vaginal birth (39.68%) and assisted vaginal birth (9.88%). Post-partum hemorrhage was seen in 7,357 (7.16%) births and atonic (6.16%) was the commonest etiology. The outcomes analyzed were live birth rate (98.86%), pre-term birth rate (16.78%) and small for gestational age (10.84%). CONCLUSION: High risk pregnancy is a common occurrence in India. It is important to understand the risk factors and monitor the antenatal and postnatal care to ensure good outcomes for the mother and baby.
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