Journal Of The Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi[JOURNAL]

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Unexplained protective trajectory and overlooked subgroup heterogeneity in electrolyte-based CKD prognostication.

Zheng H, Wang B

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42161787 · Publisher ↗

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Far infrared therapy improves the vascular function of lower extremities in hemodialysis patients.

Lee WH, Liou HH, Wu CK

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42156320 · Publisher ↗

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Ambient nitrogen oxides exposure associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Jang TY, Zeng YT, Liang PC … +14 more , Wang CW, Lin YH, Wu CD, Tsai PC, Hsieh MY, Hsieh MH, Yang JF, Yeh ML, Huang CF, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chen PC, Yu ML

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42156319 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between air pollution and hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1068 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated wit... BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between air pollution and hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1068 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs from 2020 to 2023 in Kaohsiung and analyzed the incidence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis. Daily air pollutant concentrations were estimated for the year prior to enrolment. RESULTS: Patients with hepatic steatosis were reported in 340 (31.8%). Patients with hepatic steatosis had higher concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO) compared to those without steatosis (27.8 ppb vs. 25.5 ppb; P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that non-liver-cirrhosis was the strongest factor associated with hepatic steatosis (odds ratio (OR)/confidence interval (CI): 4.63/2.85-7.52; P < 0.001), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (OR/CI: 2.09/1.29-3.39; P < 0.001),HBeAg seropositivity (OR/CI: 1.54/1.05-2.26; P = 0.04), BMI (OR/CI: 1.10/1.06-1.14; P < 0.001) and concentrations of NO (OR/CI: 1.018/1.004-1.033; P = 0.01). Among patients without cirrhosis, logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factors associated with hepatic steatosis were hypertriglyceridemia (OR/CI: 1.98/1.17-3.35; P = 0.01), followed by HBeAg seropositivity (OR/CI: 1.51/1.05-2.17; P = 0.03), BMI (OR/CI: 1.10/1.05-1.14; P < 0.001) and concentrations of NO (OR/CI: 1.02/1.01-1.04; P = 0.01). Patients in the highest quartile of annual NO-concentration exposure had a two-fold increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR/CI: 2.20/1.37-3.50). Among patients with cirrhosis, logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factors associated with hepatic steatosis were hypertriglyceridemia (OR/CI: 3.79/1.22-11.79; P = 0.02), followed by age (OR/CI: 0.95/0.92-0.99; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Higher concentrations of NO were associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B.

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Comparison of the outcomes of targeted temperature management for the cardiac arrest patients with and without diabetes mellitus: The TIMECARD study.

Wu YT, Lin KC, Tsai MS … +5 more , Huang CH, Kuo LK, Hsu H, Lai CH, Huang WC

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42156318 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management (TTM) reduces mortality rates and improves neurological function in patients who experience cardiac arrest. However, the differences of outcomes in responses to TTM between car... BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management (TTM) reduces mortality rates and improves neurological function in patients who experience cardiac arrest. However, the differences of outcomes in responses to TTM between cardiac arrest patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) require further investigation. METHODS: This multicenter observational study included patients who experienced cardiac arrest and received TTM therapy between January 2013 and September 2019. Comparisons were made between DM and non-DM patient groups. RESULTS: A total of 580 patients were enrolled. The DM group had a worse survival rate (45.3% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.0016) and worse neurological outcomes (GCS score >8: 67.5% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.0318) at hospital discharge. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that DM was a negative predictor for survival in patients who underwent cardiac arrest and were treated by TTM (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.03-2.21, p = 0.0366). In the DM group, coronary intervention was a positive predictor for survival. In the non-DM group, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation was a positive predictor for survival, whereas old age >65 years and mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg were negative predictors. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DM is significantly associated with worse survival and neurological outcomes in patients who experience cardiac arrest and are treated by TTM. Additionally, patients with DM who had cardiogenic etiologies and initial shockable rhythms had a higher mortality rate. Some positive factors for survival, such as witness collapse and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation, were reduced in patients with DM.

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Exercise training-induced body composition changes: The need to disentangle dopamine compensation from deconditioning reversal.

Zhang Y, Zhang D

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42150955 · Publisher ↗

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DAPL1 deficiency impairs autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium to drive age-dependent retinal pathologies.

Chen H, Tan Q, Hu Y … +3 more , Liu L, Liang X, Hou L

J Formos Med Assoc · 2026 May · PMID 42150954 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Age-related retinopathy, mainly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a major cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly worldwide. Its precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Alth... BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Age-related retinopathy, mainly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a major cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly worldwide. Its precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Although autophagy deficiency in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with AMD in patients, the regulatory pathways involved are still unclear. The research purpose is to investigate the functional role and underlying mechanism of DAPL1 in autophagy deficiency in the age-dependent retinal pathologies. METHODS: In this study, 18-month-old wild-type (WT) and Dapl1 mice were used. Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were employed to detect morphological abnormalities. Immunofluorescence was performed to examine GFAP, Rhodopsin/Opsin, IBA1, and LC3, and on RPE flat mounts for ZO-1. Lipid deposition was analyzed by Oil Red O staining. To investigate downstream mediators of DAPL1, western and RT-qPCR were used to identify and validate candidate genes, followed by functional validation using lentiviral overexpression and RNA interference. RESULTS: At 18 months of age, Dapl1-deficient mice exhibit age-related retinal dysfunction and structural abnormalities. These include increased retinal stress, damage to photoreceptors and RPE cells, lipid accumulation, and microglial activation. Autophagy is impaired in the RPE cells of Dapl1-deficient mice. DAPL1 overexpression in RPE cells enhances autophagy activity. Furthermore, DAPL1 suppresses the expression of E2F1 and c-MYC. This downregulates mTOR and upregulates the expression of ATG16 and Beclin1 through DAPK1 in RPE cells, promoting autophagy. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest DAPL1 is a novel regulator of autophagy in RPE cells, and its deficiency increases susceptibility to age-dependent retinal pathologies in mice.

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