We examined the effects of dietary supplementation with 5% maltobionic acid (MA), an indigestible disaccharide, on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet for 30 days. Supplementation with MA lowered hepatic...We examined the effects of dietary supplementation with 5% maltobionic acid (MA), an indigestible disaccharide, on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet for 30 days. Supplementation with MA lowered hepatic and serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and elevated serum gastric hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. MA supplementation remarkably decreased the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes/proteins and slightly increased the hepatic expression of β-oxidation-related genes. These results suggest that MA reduces hepatic TAG levels, probably via the suppression of fatty acid synthesis, accompanied by decreased hyperinsulinemia and increased GLP-1.
The importance of hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) as a nutrient-rich resource in agricultural studies is often underestimated by cannabis farmers, who tend instead to treat them as byproducts. The purpose of this study w...The importance of hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L.) as a nutrient-rich resource in agricultural studies is often underestimated by cannabis farmers, who tend instead to treat them as byproducts. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional composition of Beldiya, a distinct ecotype of hemp seed from the northern regions of Morocco. The proximal composition, mineral content, total phenolic content, tocopherol content, fatty acid profile and lipid health indices of the seeds were assessed. The results revealed that the 'Beldiya' ecotype (Be-ecot) contained 94.08% dry matter, 32.81% oil, 24.84% protein, 27.54% fiber and 4.29% ash. It is rich in total phenolic content (201.88 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (69.77 mg QE/100 g). The predominant tocopherol in its oil is γ-tocopherol (409.72 mg/kg), with δ-tocopherol (21.91 mg/kg) and α-tocopherol (18.89 mg/kg), contributing to a total tocopherol content of 450.82 mg/kg. The main fatty acids in the oil are linoleic acid (51.02%), oleic acid (18.05%), linolenic acid (16.46%) and palmitic acid (7.68%). The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is 3:1, which corresponds to the recommended dietary balance for these essential fatty acids. These results highlight the nutritional benefits and balanced composition of hemp seeds, highlighting their potential as valuable edible food sources for promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Oxidative stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis or dysfunction promotes the progression of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Neng-Jing-Huo (NJH), an essential oil mixture of Gaultheria proc...Oxidative stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis or dysfunction promotes the progression of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Neng-Jing-Huo (NJH), an essential oil mixture of Gaultheria procumbens, Zingiber officinale, Bulnesia sarmientoi, Artemisia vulgaris, and Styrax benzoin, exhibits antioxidant potential. However, its specific action mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of NJH against hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress injury using NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells and assess the underlying mechanisms. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and aging were evaluated via MTT assay, DCFH2-DA, JC-1, TUNEL, and red beta-D-galactopyranoside staining, respectively. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed via semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Notably, NJH alleviated HO-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NJH inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the Bcl-2 levels and downregulating the Bax levels, thereby preventing the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was significantly increased by HO; however, this effect was dose-dependently attenuated by NJH. The findings highlight NJH as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress injury-associated kidney disorders.
The surface chemical properties and phase behaviors of the three acid-base 2:1 complexes were systematically studied. It was composed of tertiary amine as the main chain and three dicarboxylic acids as the spacer and fun...The surface chemical properties and phase behaviors of the three acid-base 2:1 complexes were systematically studied. It was composed of tertiary amine as the main chain and three dicarboxylic acids as the spacer and functioned as a gemini-type surfactant. N-methyl-N-(2,3-dioxypropyl)hexadecylamine (C16amine) was used as the main chain, and octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), and dodecanoic acid (C12) were combined to form complexes. In dilute solutions, the surface tension and luminescence behaviors of solubilized pyrene were consistent across all three complexes, indicating similar micellar characteristics at lower concentrations. However, the concentrated complexes clearly showed different behaviors. In the case of complexes composed of C16amine and C8 or C16amine and C10, as the concentration increased, hexagonal, bicontinuous, and lamellar phases were observed. For the complex composed of C16amine and C12, the hexagonal phase was not observed. This deviation in phase behavior is assumed to arise from the folding structure of the alkyl chain in the dicarboxylic acid. The folding structure may influence the packing structure of the liquid crystal phases, thereby altering the phase formation.
This study aims to determine the optimal harvest period of olives by distinguishing the olive oils with different fruit maturity indices (MIs). Gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology was employe...This study aims to determine the optimal harvest period of olives by distinguishing the olive oils with different fruit maturity indices (MIs). Gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology was employed to qualitatively and differently analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of olive oil extracted from eight MIs of 'Koroneiki' olive fruits, harvested in Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. The results showed that 40 signal peaks were isolated in the eight olive oils with different MIs, and 33 VOCs were identified. These include alcohols (7 kinds), esters (7 kinds), aldehydes (6 kinds), ketones (5 kinds), acids (2 kinds), olefins (2 kinds), and other compounds (4). A total of 20 differential markers for key flavors, with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1, were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that the olive oil samples of the 7th maturity index (QJ7), QJ8, and QJ5, QJ6 have significant differences from the other four olive oils. This suggests that olive oils with different maturity indices can be effectively distinguished.
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of ozonated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Ozonated fatty acid ethyl esters were prepared by bubbling ozone gas into the sample solution, leading to t...In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of ozonated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Ozonated fatty acid ethyl esters were prepared by bubbling ozone gas into the sample solution, leading to the formation of ozonide structures. Upon treatment with RAW264 cells, ozonated fatty acid ethyl esters reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner, with ozonated ethyl ester of α-linolenic acid (zLnEE) showing the strongest reduction among all samples. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), interleukin (IL) 1β and IL6, induced by the stimulation of LPS, were suppressed, while the oxidative stress response gene of hemeoxidase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated by zLnEE treatment. In the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) reporter gene assay, NF-κB activation stimulated by TNF-α was inhibited by the addition of zLnEE. These results indicate that ozonated PUFAs have anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the observed upregulation of the HO-1 mRNA levels suggests that the ozonide structure of zLnEE activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) - Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway, thereby inducing its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential cytotoxic degradation products of ozonated PUFAs may be harmful to humans and further studies are needed to confirm the safety of ozonated oils.
Pickering emulsification, which utilizes solid particles instead of surfactants to stabilize emulsions, offers advantages such as improved safety and environmental sustainability. This study explores the potential of qui...Pickering emulsification, which utilizes solid particles instead of surfactants to stabilize emulsions, offers advantages such as improved safety and environmental sustainability. This study explores the potential of quince fruit powder, a plant-derived material rich in fibers such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, as a stabilizing agent for Pickering emulsification. Quince powder, a byproduct of fruit processing, was optimized for particle size using sieving to enhance its emulsification performance.The emulsification efficiency of powders classified by particle size was evaluated through turbidity measurements, oil droplet size analysis, and Cryo-SEM observations. The results revealed that smaller particles (< 10 μm) exhibited superior emulsification performance, forming fine droplets with smooth surfaces. Medium-sized particles showed performance comparable to untreated powders, while larger particles resulted in lower turbidity and larger droplet sizes.This simple and eco-friendly particle classification method, sieving, demonstrates potential for improving the performance of Pickering emulsification.
The aim of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of Viburnum L. species collected from different locations in Turkey over two consecutive years. For this purpose, Viburnum opulus L.,...The aim of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of Viburnum L. species collected from different locations in Turkey over two consecutive years. For this purpose, Viburnum opulus L., Viburnum lantana L., Viburnum orientale Pallas and Viburnum tinus L. species growing naturally in Turkey were used. In this direction, the average values of Viburnum L. species seed oils in harvest years; specific gravity, refractive index, color, viscosity, boiling point, free fatty acidity, peroxide number, iodine number, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter number are; 0.92-0.93 g/cm, 1.4760-1.4775 n, 4.20-10.70 (red), 2.40-70.00 (yellow), 63.90-75.57 mPa, 182.79-187.57°C, 0.74-1.36%, 10.38-17.82 meq O/kg, 117.35-134.18 wijs, 183.45-243.70 mg KOH/g, varied between 1.06-1.94%. The harvest year average values of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents of Viburnum L. species seed oils were determined as 1.99-8.95%, 29.33-57.95%, 35.43-55.98%, 0.17-0.50%, respectively. Also, seed oils were analyzed with FTIR and DSC. In line with these results, it was determined that the physicochemical properties of seed oils of Viburnum L. may vary depending on the species and harvest year and the obtained seed oils can be used as food supplement and vegetable oil in the food industry.
Citric acid, a naturally found component of citrus fruits, is commonly added to beverages in Japan and marketed as a fatigue-relieving functional food. While some studies associate citric acid with insulin resistance and...Citric acid, a naturally found component of citrus fruits, is commonly added to beverages in Japan and marketed as a fatigue-relieving functional food. While some studies associate citric acid with insulin resistance and fatty liver disease, others suggest it enhances energy expenditure and lipid metabolism, leaving its effects on lipid metabolism unclear. To clarify these effects, we conducted a study where mice were given water with or without 0.6% free citric acid for 6 weeks. The group receiving citric acid showed reduced body weight, food intake, energy intake, and water consumption. However, no significant differences were observed in organ weights or energy efficiency. Hepatic enzyme activity (FASN), linked to fatty acid synthesis, was elevated, but lipolysis and cholesterol synthesis markers were unaffected. Plasma triglycerides and hepatic cholesterol were slightly elevated, but the results were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that citric acid may stimulate fatty acid synthesis without disrupting overall lipid metabolism in healthy mice consuming a standard diet.
Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. serves as raw material to optimize the supercritical CO extraction process of seeds oil by response surface methodology. The components of seeds oil of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. (RSO) were analyze...Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. serves as raw material to optimize the supercritical CO extraction process of seeds oil by response surface methodology. The components of seeds oil of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. (RSO) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and its antioxidation and anti-fatigue activities were also investigated. The findings indicated that the maximum oil yield of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. by SC-CO was 23.59% under the conditions of 38.0°C, 180 min, 32.0 MPa, 5.0 mL/min CO flow rate. GC analysis showed that unsaturated fatty acid content of RSO was 85.08%. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated that RSO had the most potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, achieving 90% at a dosage of 0.9%. The anti-fatigue activity assessment showed that RSO could significantly prolong the forced swimming time of mice, decrease the levels of lactic acid (LD), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissue. The results of the study demonstrated that RSO has the ability to enhance glycogen storage in the body, enhance antioxidant capacity, and provide notable anti-fatigue activity.
This study presented a comprehensive analysis of date kernel oil from Phoenix dactylifera L., exploring its chemical composition, physical properties, and oxidative stability. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis revealed th...This study presented a comprehensive analysis of date kernel oil from Phoenix dactylifera L., exploring its chemical composition, physical properties, and oxidative stability. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis revealed that the extracted oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (55%), with oleic acid being the major component (accounting 43.31%). Saturated fatty acids accounted for 45% of the total fatty acid composition. The identified bioactive compounds included carotenoids, β-sitosterol, cycloartenol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocotrienol. Notably, the oil exhibited a high content of total tocols (60.77±0.26 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (235±0.00 mg/kg). The oxidative stability of date kernel oil was evaluated using Rancimat and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests, demonstrating its strong resistance to oxidation. The oil exhibited an oil stability index of 34.87 h at 110°C based on the Rancimat test. The kinetic parameters related to the oil oxidative stability were also established. The findings of this research indicated that date kernel oil could be a promising and versatile bioresource for multiple applications, offering a sustainable method for managing waste from date fruit processing. This study highlights the importance of developing alternative uses for agricultural by-products, underlining the economic and environmental benefits of their valorization.
The reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10), a rapid aging animal model, exhibits age-related cognitive...The reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10), a rapid aging animal model, exhibits age-related cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior; however, it is unclear the variation of serum BDNF levels. Here, we showed that serum BDNF levels in SAMP10 were lower than those in the normal aging characteristics mouse SAM-resistant 1 (SAMR1), and Hochuekkito suppressed the decline of serum BDNF levels in SAMP10. These results suggest that SAMP10 may be used as an animal model in decreasing serum BDNF levels and Hochuekkito could prevent the age-related BDNF decline.
We developed a novel approach for direct and rapid evaluation of the fat-burning effects of various food ingredients in vivo. Male ICR mice were fed a diet containing stable isotope-labeled palmitic acid, and fat oxidati...We developed a novel approach for direct and rapid evaluation of the fat-burning effects of various food ingredients in vivo. Male ICR mice were fed a diet containing stable isotope-labeled palmitic acid, and fat oxidation was quantified by measuring the production of labeled carbon dioxide (CO) generated during β-oxidation. By evaluating the 24-h fat burning profile, we demonstrated the immediate fat-burning effect of caffeine and the gradual fat-burning effect of curcumin. This methodology allows fat-burning-specific detection rather than fat absorption inhibition, thereby providing a powerful tool for comparing fat-burning effects of different food components in vivo.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has no therapeutic target; therefore, treatment is restricted to anticancer agents. However, TNBC is highly drug-resistant, meaning that novel therapeutic drugs for TNBC are required....Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has no therapeutic target; therefore, treatment is restricted to anticancer agents. However, TNBC is highly drug-resistant, meaning that novel therapeutic drugs for TNBC are required. Fatty acids can both inhibit and promote different cancers. Nervonic acid (NA) is a monovalent unsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory effects, although its effect on cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of NA on TNBC. BT-549 cells, a TNBC cell line, were exposed to different concentrations of NA (1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM) or a control (dimethylsulfoxide). In addition, 9-week-old, female BALB/cSlc-nu/nu mice had a BT-549 cell transplant into the right side of the fourth mammary fat pad before being administered NA (100 mg/kg) or sterile tap water for 1 week. Increasing NA concentrations reduced the viability of BT-549 cells. At 100 µM, NA increased the expression of single-stranded DNA, a marker of apoptosis; decreased the expression of nuclear factor-κ B, an apoptosis inhibitor; and decreased the expression of Ki-67, a marker of proliferation. Furthermore, 10 µM NA inhibited cell migration and invasion of BT-549 cells via a non-significant increase in the mRNA expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and significant decreases in the mRNA expression of N-cadherin (CDH2) and the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and 2. In addition, the growth and metastasis to the lungs of mammary gland tumors were significantly lower in NA-treated mice than in control mice. These results suggest that NA has an antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo; therefore, NA may be a novel therapeutic agent for TNBC.
We examine the spray characteristics of mist aerosol containing emulsifier-free oil-in-water (EF-O/W) emulsion, which are prepared by ultrasonic emulsification of only oil and water in the absence of any emulsifiers such...We examine the spray characteristics of mist aerosol containing emulsifier-free oil-in-water (EF-O/W) emulsion, which are prepared by ultrasonic emulsification of only oil and water in the absence of any emulsifiers such as surfactants, as a mist aerosol formulation. We found the unique spray characteristics of mist aerosol containing EF-O/W emulsion, which is a larger angle of mist sprayed and the resulting larger mist area, compared to the water and ethanol as a mist aerosol formulation. The unique spray characteristics observed for mist aerosol containing EF-O/W emulsion were not related to the physical properties of mist aerosol formulations, concentration of oil in EF-O/W emulsions, size of oil droplets in EF-O/W emulsions, size of droplets in mist sprayed from mist aerosol and flow rate of mist aerosol formulation in the actuator. By monitoring the liquid film sprayed from the actuator of mist aerosol, the splitting of liquid film sprayed from mist aerosol containing EF-O/W emulsion occurs at shorter distance from the actuator compared to the splitting of liquid film sprayed from mist aerosol containing water and ethanol. Namely, the earlier splitting of liquid film sprayed from mist aerosol results in the mist with larger angle and larger area of mist sprayed while the later splitting of liquid film sprayed from mist aerosol leads to the mist with smaller angle and smaller area of mist sprayed.
This study aims to improve the larvicidal activity of crude Chisocheton erythrocarpus extract (CCEE) against Aedes aegypti larvae via nano-emulsion formulation method. The fruits of C. erythrocarpus possesses limonoids w...This study aims to improve the larvicidal activity of crude Chisocheton erythrocarpus extract (CCEE) against Aedes aegypti larvae via nano-emulsion formulation method. The fruits of C. erythrocarpus possesses limonoids with good larvicidal activity against Aedes mosquitoes. Using ternary phase diagrams, four selected formulations were prepared using non-ionic surfactants, methylester and water. The optimized nano-emulsion (S5) was discovered to possess submicron particle size (36.32 nm), low polydispersity index (0.348) and higher zeta potential value (-18.2 mV). After 48-hours, the CCEE and S5 demonstrated respective LC values of 139.44 ppm and 75.83 ppm against Ae. aegypti larvae. Higher larvicidal activity of S5 signified improved cuticular penetration of the active ingredient. Moreover, morphological deformities of treated larvae indicated possible interference with the larvae's breathing mechanism, contributing to their death. Thus, the nano-emulsion formulation of C. erythrocarpus extract has the potential to be used as a vector control agent to prevent the spread of dengue infections.
Balancing detergent power and foam formation is important for developing dishwashing detergents. Many ingredients that improve foaming have been studied, but the mechanism of action in the formulation system is not clear...Balancing detergent power and foam formation is important for developing dishwashing detergents. Many ingredients that improve foaming have been studied, but the mechanism of action in the formulation system is not clear. The purpose of this study is to clarify the components that improve foam formation while maintaining detergent power as well as their mechanisms of action. In this study, the maximum rate of decrease in dynamic surface tension ((dγ/dt)) was used as an indicator of foam formation. Rapid bubble generation promotes fine foam forming. The index of bubble formation is how much energy required to expand the area of foam can be reduced. (dγ/dt) represents the point at which the adsorption rate changes from surface adsorption dominated to surface diffusion dominated. The effects of pH, (dγ/dt), and molecular mobility within micelles were evaluated to understand the foaming mechanism. The foam-boosting effect of fatty acid monoethanol amide (MEA) and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AE) on aqueous solutions of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (AES) and N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO), which are the essential components of dishwashing detergents, was evaluated. When polyoxyethylene n-dodecyl monoethanolamide (C12MEA(2)) was added to the AES/DDAO solution, (dγ/dt) increased at pH values above 6, suggesting enhanced DDAO deprotonation compared with that in the AES/DDAO aqueous solution without MEA. When polyoxyethylene n-dodecyl ether (C12AE(20)) was added to the AES/DDAO solution, (dγ/dt) did not change with increasing pH. However, a comparison of molecular mobility within micelles revealed that AES/DDAO/C12AE(20) had higher molecular mobility than AES/DDAO/C12MEA(2). The present study indicates that a nonionic surfactant that can promote DDAO deprotonation with increasing pH without weakening the intermolecular interactions of AES and DDAO could effectively promote adsorption at the air-water interface and foam formation in aqueous AES/DDAO solutions.
To accurately quantify the phospholipids in infant formula by subclass, we developed an analytical method using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P NMR). We performed heated extraction method using a...To accurately quantify the phospholipids in infant formula by subclass, we developed an analytical method using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P NMR). We performed heated extraction method using a mixture of ethanol and water to extract phospholipids from infant formula and replace the highly toxic chloroform traditionally used for extraction. In the P NMR measurement, we also avoided using chloroform by dispersing the extracts in surfactants with a strong affinity for phospholipids. Although polar lipids in milk are characterized by a high content of sphingomyelin, the separation of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine signals was insufficient to accurately determine their signal areas. To overcome this issue, we applied and evaluated two different methods, integration and deconvolution, for calculating the signal areas. During method validation in a spiked recovery test, the deconvolution method gave a recovery rate closer to 100% than the integration method. The main phospholipid subclasses found in infant formula were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. However, when the formula contained soy lecithin, additional soy-derived phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid, were detected. Using equipment with a phosphorus resonance frequency of 202 MHz and a measurement time of approximately 4 h, the quantification limit was 5 mg/100 g. The developed method will be useful for analysis of phospholipids in infant formula.
Yoshinaga K, Iida Y, Inoue M
… +11 more, Ito T, Ouchi M, Kataoka H, Kiso M, Saitou K, Shigematsu Y, Shibuya T, Takakuwa H, Takada N, Nakata T, Yanagisawa T
A collaborative study among 11 different Japanese laboratories was undertaken to devise an analytical method for determining the fatty acid composition of fats and oils by gas chromatography (GC) using hydrogen (H) or ni...A collaborative study among 11 different Japanese laboratories was undertaken to devise an analytical method for determining the fatty acid composition of fats and oils by gas chromatography (GC) using hydrogen (H) or nitrogen (N) as carrier gases alternative to helium (He). This collaborative study was organized by the Alternative Gas for the GC Subcommittee of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society and was evaluated by analyzing a standard mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix), soybean, and sardine oils. On a 50% cyanopropyl siloxane capillary column, the resolution of 37 FAME mixtures using He, H, or N gas was greater than 1.0. For the area% of the 37 FAME mixtures, the reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 0.59 to 4.72% for He gas, 0.39 to 4.96% for H gas, and 0.60 to 4.91% for N gas. No significant difference was observed in the area% for the 37 FAME mixtures among the three carrier gases. Furthermore, no significant differences in the percentages of major fatty acids in the soybean and sardine oils were detected between the different carrier gases. This study also determined that the analysis time was prolonged when N gas was used compared to when H or He gas was used. However, a cyanopropyl siloxane capillary column for fast and selective separation could improve the analysis time using N gas. Therefore, we conclude that the present method using H or N gas qualifies as a tentative official method of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society.