Archives Of Clinical Neuropsychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Atypical Symptoms Following Concussion: A Comprehensive Review of Functional Deficits.
Bishay AE, Hughes NC, Albert AN … +5 more , Dugan JE, De Oliveira N, Williams KL, Zuckerman SL, Terry DP
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40485052 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: While most concussions present with common symptoms, some patients experience atypical manifestations that challenge diagnosis and management. This review synthesizes studies reporting atypical post-concussive...
OBJECTIVE: While most concussions present with common symptoms, some patients experience atypical manifestations that challenge diagnosis and management. This review synthesizes studies reporting atypical post-concussive symptoms with individual patient-level data, focusing on functional neurologic disorders. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases (01/2000-08/2023). Inclusion criteria were: (1) study participants with concussion or mild traumatic brain injury, (2) trauma and/or sport-related injury, and (3) atypical symptoms without observable imaging findings. Atypical symptoms were defined as neurological symptoms not fully explained by traditional neuroanatomical or neuropathological correlates. Four independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction included patient demographics, symptom characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 4725 screened studies, 15 met inclusion criteria (2000-2022). Studies originated from five countries, with 8 (53.3%) from the United States. All studies were case reports (n = 12, 80.0%) or case series (n = 3, 20.0%). The review identified atypical symptoms across five domains: speech disorders (n = 6 studies, primarily new-onset stuttering), psychiatric alterations (n = 4 studies, including dissociative symptoms, Ganser syndrome, and psychotic features), visual changes (n = 1 study), hearing/vestibular disturbances (n = 2 studies), and gait abnormalities (n = 2 studies). Recovery patterns varied widely, ranging from complete resolution within weeks to persistent symptoms over several years. CONCLUSION: While most patients eventually improved with targeted interventions like speech therapy, psychiatric care, or physical therapy, recovery trajectories varied significantly. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine true incidence rates and establish evidence-based treatment protocols.
Validating the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition-Short Form Forced Choice Trial as an Embedded Performance Validity Indicator.
Do C, Milam AL, Soble JR … +1 more , Webber TA
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40483264 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study validated the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition-Short Form Forced Choice Recognition Trial (CVLT-2-SF-FC) against an independent battery of criterion performance validity tests (PVTs)....
OBJECTIVE: This study validated the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition-Short Form Forced Choice Recognition Trial (CVLT-2-SF-FC) against an independent battery of criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). METHOD: Ninety-eight veterans (mean age = 69.74 years) completed comprehensive outpatient neuropsychological evaluations that included the CVLT-2-SF-FC, Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test, Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1, and Reliable Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-Fourth Edition Digit Span subtest. Participants were diagnosed with cognitive impairment based on the comprehensive evaluations. Two criterion group approaches (Single Failure and Two Failure) were used to classify participants into invalid, valid with no neurocognitive disorder (NND), and valid with neurocognitive disorder (ND) groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses tested the classification accuracy of the CVLT-2-SF-FC. RESULTS: Using both grouping approaches, cut scores of ≤7 or ≤ 8 were associated with adequate specificities (≥0.90) and accuracy for identifying invalid performance in the total sample (AUCs = 0.71-0.81), albeit with modest sensitivities (0.41-0.50). Although the CVLT-2-SF-FC exhibited acceptable accuracy for differentiating between the invalid and NND groups with a cut-score of ≤8 (AUCs = 0.73-0.83), overall accuracy was reduced when differentiating between the invalid and ND groups (AUCs = 0.68-0.79), particularly when using the Single Failure classification (AUC = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to the current knowledge of the CVLT-2-SF-FC as an embedded PVT, highlight the need to tailor cut-scores to different clinical groups, and support using this metric alongside other PVTs. Future studies should examine the CVLT-2-SF-FC's utility among larger samples that are more diverse with regards to age, sex, veteran status, and cognitive functioning.
Correction to: Validation of the Arabic Version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): a Rasch Analysis Study.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40476301 · Full text
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The Effect of Visuospatial/Visuoconstructional Impairment on Construct Validity of Figure Copy and Recall: A Test of Two Scoring Systems.
Jankowski AA, Holcomb MJ, Suhr JA
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40462488 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated interrater reliability and construct validity of two scoring systems for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Figure subtests in individuals with mild or...
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated interrater reliability and construct validity of two scoring systems for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Figure subtests in individuals with mild or major neurocognitive disorder grouped by presence/absence of visuospatial/visuoconstructional (VS/VC) impairment. METHOD: Older adults (N = 67) with mild or major neurocognitive disorder completed RBANS Form A and other cognitive tests. The manual scoring system and a system adapted from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure were compared in terms of interrater reliability and relationship to other related tests. RESULTS: In those without VS/VC impairment, there were no differences between scoring systems in interrater reliability or relationship of Figure Copy or Figure Recall scores to measures of visuospatial skills or memory, respectively. However, Figure Copy was less reliably scored in those without VS/VC impairment, regardless of the scoring system. In those with VS/VC impairment, the adapted scoring showed stronger relationships to measures of memory and visuospatial skills, and, for Figure Recall, was more reliably scored than the manual scoring. CONCLUSIONS: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Figure Recall may be affected by VS/VC skills, potentially interfering with its validity as a test of visual memory. An adapted scoring system for RBANS Figure subtests may be less confounded by deficits in VS/VC skills.
Time-Dependent Risk of Dementia Following Epilepsy Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.
Bae Y, Kang C, Choi U … +2 more , Jung H, Lee SW
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40455643 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dementia risk in patients with epilepsy compared with matched controls, analyze temporal variations in risk using nationwide cohort data, and investigate how age and sex modify dementia risk t...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dementia risk in patients with epilepsy compared with matched controls, analyze temporal variations in risk using nationwide cohort data, and investigate how age and sex modify dementia risk to identify high-risk subgroups for targeted intervention. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from 2,740 patients with epilepsy aged 20-80 years and 27,400 controls matched 1:10 for age, sex, and year of health checkup from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002-2013). Time-stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for dementia risk. RESULTS: Dementia risk was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy compared with that of controls (IRR: 3.65; 95% CI: 3.14-4.24), especially within the first 2 years post-diagnosis (aHR: 5.42; 95% CI: 4.30-6.83), peaking between 8 and 10 years (aHR: 8.25; 95% CI: 3.15-21.5). Younger patients (<60 years) were at higher risk, particularly during the first 2 years (aHR: 12.32 vs. 4.70). Men exhibited a greater risk than women in the initial 2 years post-diagnosis (aHR: 6.64 vs. 4.57). CONCLUSION: The risk of dementia in patients with epilepsy varies with time since diagnosis, age, and sex. Early cognitive assessment and targeted interventions, particularly in younger male patients, are crucial to reduce the long-term burden of dementia. These results provide critical insight for clinicians and public health strategists to enhance the care of patients with epilepsy.
Cognitive Intervention in a Patient with Lewy Bodies through Origami: A Case Report.
Mendonça AR, de Carvalho JSA, Nórte CE … +1 more , Landeira-Fernandez J
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40444579 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a form of Neurocognitive Disorder that can lead to impairments in memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and mood. Cognitive intervention has been scientifically recognized as...
INTRODUCTION: Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a form of Neurocognitive Disorder that can lead to impairments in memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and mood. Cognitive intervention has been scientifically recognized as an effective tool in supporting older adults, with or without clinical conditions, utilizing various stimulation tools. In this context, origami folding emerges as a potential clinical intervention. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to evaluate the effects on cognition, mood, and emotional processes of an older adult with LBD who participated in a cognitive stimulation program using origami. METHOD: The protocol included eight sessions of ⁓60 min, involving the use of six origami models of increasing difficulty. To test the efficacy of the protocol, the instruments mini-mental state examination-second edition, quick intelligence test, attention test battery, five digits test, and corsi block-tapping test were applied, along with the scales geriatric depression scale-15, geriatric anxiety inventory, satisfaction with life scale, and positive and negative affect schedule-10. Results: Improvements were observed in visuospatial memory, attention skills, intelligence, and executive functions. DISCUSSION: The results of this study align with the benefits of cognitive stimulation reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: The impact of origami stimulation proved effective on cognitive processes and mood, in addition to being a playful, easily accessible, and implementable approach.
Clinical Efficacy of a Combined Cognitive-Language Rehabilitation Intervention: Evidence From Greek Patients With Stroke-Induced Aphasia.
Sabbidou E, Messinis L, Nasios G … +6 more , Nousia A, Doskas T, Malefaki S, Ntoskou A, Alexandropoulou A, Grigoriadis N
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40444576 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to implement a novel intervention program integrating cognitive remediation and traditional speech and language therapy (SLT) in persons with aphasia (PWA) and to assess the effec...
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to implement a novel intervention program integrating cognitive remediation and traditional speech and language therapy (SLT) in persons with aphasia (PWA) and to assess the effectiveness of this combined program in improving aphasic deficits. METHOD: PWA following stroke were assigned to one of two study groups. In the combined treatment group (CTG; n = 12), participants were treated with traditional SLT and computerized cognitive training utilizing the Rehacom rehabilitation software, while the SLT group (SLTG; n = 10) received only traditional SLT targeting both speech comprehension and expression. Both groups underwent 40-min sessions twice a week for 2 months. Participants' cognitive and language skills were assessed pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, groups were matched on age and educational level. Between-group comparisons indicated better performance in favor of the CTG on a set-shifting task (p = .019) and on naming and word repetition (p = .013 and p = .031, respectively) post-treatment. Within-group analysis revealed that performance on naming improved in both groups (p < .001 for CTG and p = .003 for SLTG). The CTG also significantly improved post-treatment in set-shifting (p = .020), while the SLTG also showed significant improvement on automatic speech (p = .046) and processing speed (p = .012) post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the combined intervention was more efficacious than SLT alone on naming, repetition, and set-shifting tasks in this clinical group.
Reconsidering Social-Behavioral Phenotypes in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Presentation of Two Cases Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Glad DM, Vogt EM, Jones KL … +1 more , Miller LE
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40437788 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is not well understood. Prior research regarding social functioning in WHS is inconsistent and largely focuses on reporting gene...
OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is not well understood. Prior research regarding social functioning in WHS is inconsistent and largely focuses on reporting general social difficulties or positive screening results rather than confirmed ASD diagnoses. This case series aims to promote reconsideration of ASD diagnoses in children with WHS and is the only report of ASD symptoms and confirmed diagnoses in WHS based on a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Two children with WHS completed comprehensive clinical neuropsychological evaluations. METHOD: Neurodevelopmental skills (Mullen Scales of Early Learning), adaptive behavior (Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-3rd Edition; Behavior Assessment System for Children-3rd Edition (BASC-3)), emotional and behavioral functioning (BASC-3), and ASD symptomatology (Childhood Autism Rating Scale-2nd Edition; TELE-ASD-PEDS) were assessed. RESULTS: Both children demonstrated multiple body system involvement consistent with typical medical complexities of WHS. Neuropsychological profiles of each patient revealed unique strengths and weaknesses, though each were consistent with diagnoses of intellectual developmental disorder and ASD. CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrates the need to comprehensively assess rather than merely screen ASD symptomatology in children with WHS, taking into account their degree of cognitive impairment. Increased awareness of this co-occurring diagnosis can help promote early identification by diagnosticians and monitoring by other medical providers caring for children with WHS, thereby enabling families to connect to appropriate intervention services.
Depressive Symptoms, Sleep Complaints, and Cognitive Performance: Examining the Mediating Role of Sleep in College Athletes.
Thomas GA, Riegler KE, Bradson ML … +1 more , Arnett PA
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40420385 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Depression and sleep disturbance frequently co-occur, with both negatively affecting cognitive functioning. This study investigated whether sleep disturbance mediates the relationship between depressive sympt...
BACKGROUND: Depression and sleep disturbance frequently co-occur, with both negatively affecting cognitive functioning. This study investigated whether sleep disturbance mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in college athletes. METHOD: 895 collegiate athletes (F = 230) completed comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (dichotomized as elevated vs. non-elevated). Sleep disturbance was measured via the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale sleep cluster. Cognitive performance was examined using composites of attention/processing speed (A/PS) and memory. Two mediation analyses examined whether sleep disturbance mediated the effect of depressive symptoms on A/PS and memory. Reverse mediation analyses, with sleep disturbance as the predictor and depressive symptoms as the mediator, were also conducted. RESULTS: Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with poorer A/PS performance and greater sleep disturbance, which was also negatively associated with A/PS. After accounting for sleep disturbance, the relationship between depressive symptoms and A/PS became non-significant, indicating partial mediation. In reverse mediation, sleep disturbance was associated with poorer A/PS; depressive symptoms did not mediate the effect of sleep disturbance on A/PS. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with memory, so the forward mediation was discontinued. In the reverse model, sleep disturbance was associated with poorer memory performance even when controlling for depressive symptoms, thus inconsistent with mediation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that sleep disturbance partly explains the relationship between depressive symptoms and reduced A/PS in collegiate athletes. Additionally, sleep disturbance is associated with poorer memory performance independently of depressive symptoms. Thus, interventions targeting sleep may benefit athletes' cognitive performance.
Comparing Demographic Effects on Current and Novel Neuropsychological Measures in Older Adults with and without Alzheimer's Disease.
Reed AM, Duff K, Schaefer SY
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40420382 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of sex and education on existing neuropsychological assessments used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, as well as a novel performance-based test of cognition an...
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of sex and education on existing neuropsychological assessments used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, as well as a novel performance-based test of cognition and daily functioning. METHODS: One hundred seventy-one participants (46 AD, 53 amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 72 cognitively unimpaired) completed a neuropsychological test battery and a novel performance-based test involving moving objects in a sequence with the nondominant hand. The effects of sex and education on all tests were evaluated using multivariable regression, controlling for age and group (defined based on cognitive and functional abilities according to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative criteria). RESULTS: All tests, except for the novel performance-based test and Trail Making Test, were significantly affected by sex and/or education. CONCLUSIONS: The novel performance-based test may be less affected by demographic variables compared to traditional neuropsychological assessments used in AD and related dementias, rendering it more broadly applicable than other measures.
Positive Associations between the Personality Trait of Openness and Verbal Learning and Memory in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.
Barthelemy OJ, Shirey AJ, Anakwe S … +3 more , Neargarder S, DeGutis J, Cronin-Golomb A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40420367 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience difficulties with verbal learning and memory, even in the absence of dementia. Higher levels of the personality trait of openness predict b...
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience difficulties with verbal learning and memory, even in the absence of dementia. Higher levels of the personality trait of openness predict better learning and memory in other older adult populations, but openness's contributions in PD are unknown. Lower openness and alterations in openness's neural substrates in PD suggest that openness may have strong associations with memory in PD. METHOD: We used the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) personality self-rating questionnaire and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) in a cross-sectional sample of 33 persons with PD (PwPD; 17 men), 26 healthy older adults (OA; 14 men), and 37 healthy younger adults (YA; 19 men). Correlation analysis examined relations between openness (BFI-2 open-mindedness) and verbal learning and memory (RAVLT performances). Correlation and regression analysis controlled for psychosocial and cognitive factors and examined possible moderators and mediators. RESULTS: Significant, positive correlations between openness and RAVLT scores occurred in PwPD but not in OA or YA. Among PwPD, openness independently predicted most RAVLT scores in regression models. Its associations were not explained by PD duration, disease severity, disease stage, or sex. PwPD low in openness performed worse than OA. Among OA, older age predicted significantly more positive association between openness and memory. CONCLUSIONS: Openness is positively associated with verbal memory in PwPD, as well as in healthy older adults (depending on age), with implications for the relevance of personality factors in cognition.
Enhancing Interpretation of Cognitive Changes in Alzheimer's Intervention Trials: Application of Standardized Regression-Based Change Scores.
Stojanovic M, Baker BS, Urbina R … +2 more , Gray M, Kiselica AM
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40413790 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Interpreting results from intervention trials for cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be complicated due to comparison to an active control group. In some cases, there are improvements in cognition acros...
OBJECTIVE: Interpreting results from intervention trials for cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be complicated due to comparison to an active control group. In some cases, there are improvements in cognition across both conditions, but no between-condition differences. These results might indicate that both interventions positively impact cognition; conversely, improvements might be attributable to other factors, such as practice effects. One way to differentiate between these possibilities is to use standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. We present an example of applying this technique to understand equivocal behavioral intervention trial results. METHOD: 214 participants (ages: 45-75) were randomly assigned to a 2-year health coaching or health education intervention to reduce AD risk and improve cognition. RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects models showed improvements in cognitive domains over time, without a differential treatment effect (p < 0.001). SRB change analyses showed that improvements on the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were likely not meaningful, with ≤5 participants demonstrating significant changes over time beyond what would be expected with no intervention. CONCLUSIONS: SRB indices provide a nuanced interpretation of results from behavioral intervention trials for improving cognition, which may translate into improved patient care decisions.
Comprehensive Neuropsychological Assessment of Confirmed Xeroderma Pigmentosum a Variant with Neurological Manifestations: Case Report.
Hardcastle C, Sarmiento IJK, Mencacci NE … +1 more , Johnson K
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40413789 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare (1 per 1 million in United States) and progressive autosomal recessive skin disorder, typically resulting in photosensitivity and predisposition to malignant neoplasia....
INTRODUCTION: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare (1 per 1 million in United States) and progressive autosomal recessive skin disorder, typically resulting in photosensitivity and predisposition to malignant neoplasia. Neurological involvement is observed in a subset of these patients, (e.g., XPA variant), with neurodegeneration impacting roughly one in four patients. The neurocognitive impact of patients with the XPA variant is not well established or documented in current literature. Therefore, this case report presents the neurocognitive functioning of a patient with confirmed XPA with predominately neurological manifestation. METHODS: This current study presents a 39-year-old, right-handed, man with 16 years of education, who was recently diagnosed with XPA via neurological and genetic assessment. He underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment as part of a comprehensive work-up. RESULTS: His neuropsychological profile revealed multi-domain cognitive impairment in executive functioning, language, visuospatial/constructive functioning, and encoding and retrieval aspects of memory. Behavioral/emotional regulation and social comportment were well preserved. Cognitive deficits have moderately impacted functional independence, resulting in a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: There was widespread neurocognitive impairment in this XPA patient with neurodegeneration. However, significant cognitive decline did not present until adulthood in this patient, and preserved behavioral functioning bodes well for maintaining functional independence in a structured environment. Neuropsychological assessment early in diagnostic confirmation is key in tracking progression of cognitive decline, and in implementing supports to preserve functional independence.
Hindi Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire on Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.
Chaurasiya A, Ranjan JK, Pandey N … +1 more , Asthana HS
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40411127 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPCSQ) is a widely used tool for assessing the pattern and severity of post-head injury symptoms, and has been translated and validated in various languag...
BACKGROUND: The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPCSQ) is a widely used tool for assessing the pattern and severity of post-head injury symptoms, and has been translated and validated in various languages. However, a Hindi version of this questionnaire is not yet available. Therefore, the present study aimed to adapt the RPCSQ into Hindi and examine its factorial structure along with its psychometric properties. METHOD: The original English version of RPCSQ was adapted into Hindi by using the cross-cultural adaptation process. The final adapted Hindi version of RPCSQ (RPCSQ-H) was administered on traumatic brain injury (TBI) participants to assess its reliability, factor structure, discriminant validity, construct validity, and temporal stability of scale. RESULT: The psychometric evaluation of the scale yielded an acceptable Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.768. The temporal stability of RPCSQ-H was significant at the acute stage, with test-retest coefficients of 0.713 and 0.615 after 7 days and 14 days, respectively. Additionally, the results supported a six-factor model of the RPCSQ-H with good convergent validity, factor reliability, and discriminant validity. CONCLUSION: The RPCSQ-H demonstrates strong reliability and validity along with good psychometric to assess post-head injury symptoms in Hindi-speaking patients with TBI.
Psychometric Properties and Adaptation of the Parent-Report Version of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Short-Form Scale in Spanish Children.
Costa-López B, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Lavigne-Cerván R … +1 more , Navarro-Soria I
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40391714 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Executive functioning (EF) encompasses essential cognitive abilities crucial for self-regulation and goal achievement. The Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale in Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-...
INTRODUCTION: Executive functioning (EF) encompasses essential cognitive abilities crucial for self-regulation and goal achievement. The Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale in Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) is a widely utilized tool for assessing EF in youth, with the short-form parent-reported version comprising twenty items. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the BDEFS-CA Short-Form in children, including factor structure, reliability, validity, and sex invariance. METHOD: Following transcultural adaptation by bilingual experts, the Spanish version was administered to 377 parents of children aged 6-12. Convergent validity was assessed using the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). RESULTS: Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactor model encompassing a general EF factor and specific subscales (Comparative Fit Index = 0.984; Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.048; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.024): time management (TM), problem solving/organization (PS), inhibition (IN), motivation (MOT), and emotional regulation (ER). High internal consistency was observed for both the general EF factor (α/ω = 0.956) and its subscales (TM: α/ω > 0.89, PS: α/ω > 0.93, IN: α/ω > 0.94, MOT: α/ω > 0.91, ER: α/ω > 0.93). Convergent validity was confirmed through strong correlations between BDEFS-CA and CHEXI scores (r = 0.552-0.892, P < 0.001). Sex invariance analysis revealed similar factor structures for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of the BDEFS-CA Short-Form demonstrates strong psychometric properties, making it a reliable tool for assessing EF in Spanish-speaking children. Its simplicity and suitability suggest potential use by adults for gathering children's information.
Impact of Demographic and Deployment Related Factors on Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology Performance in Veterans and Service Members.
Troyanskaya M, Abu-Suwa H, Scheibel RS … +1 more , Pastorek NJ
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40382715 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Screening for feigning and exaggeration in military populations is necessary for accurate interpretation of findings in clinical and research settings. The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (S...
BACKGROUND: Screening for feigning and exaggeration in military populations is necessary for accurate interpretation of findings in clinical and research settings. The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) is a commonly used symptom validity measure, but little is known about the impact of non-clinical factors on its performance. The primary objective of this study was to examine relationships among demographic and deployment-related characteristics and SIMS performance in a cohort of veterans and reservists. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two participants with a history of combat deployment completed the SIMS and a measure of combat exposure. Demographic and deployment-related information was also collected. Multiple linear regression models were created to determine the impact of demographic and deployment-related factors on the SIMS total score and scale scores. RESULTS: Higher SIMS total scores were associated with more severe combat exposure, being unemployed, being married or divorced as opposed to being single, and fewer years of education. Higher Neurological Impairment scale scores were associated with being unemployed, being married or divorced, fewer years of education, and older age. Furthermore, higher amnestic disorders scale scores were associated with more severe combat exposure and being unemployed, and higher affective disorders scale scores were associated with more severe combat exposure, fewer years of education, and older age. DISCUSSION: Notable relationships between SIMS scores and several demographic and deployment-related factors were identified. This was the first study that examined relations of demographic and deployment factors and SIMS performance in a military population.
NIH Toolbox Cognition Performance in Older Adults with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Mild Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type: Results from the ARMADA Study.
Ho EH, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Ayturk E … +3 more , Bedjeti K, Weintraub S, Gershon R
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40364547 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Efficient and early detection of cognitive impairment may be facilitated using the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB), a computerized suite of assessments measuring multiple aspects of neurological functioning. METHODS: The...
OBJECTIVE: Efficient and early detection of cognitive impairment may be facilitated using the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB), a computerized suite of assessments measuring multiple aspects of neurological functioning. METHODS: The Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer's Disease and cognitive Aging study validated the NIHTB across a geographically diverse cognitive aging sample. Participants aged >64 with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) across nine research sites completed the NIHTB. One-way ANOVAs captured differences in performance on the Cognition Battery and effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: Groups differed substantially across all cognition measures, with large differences in Total and Fluid Cognition, after demographic adjustment. The largest differentiators were in fluid measures, particularly for working and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS: NIHTB-CB differentiates NC, MCI, and DAT groups. Future studies will examine longitudinal differences and performance in enriched samples (African American participants, Spanish NIHTB, 85+ years old).
The Response Bias Scale and Response Bias Scale-19 of the MMPI-2-RF: Cross Validation and Comparison in an Active-Duty Neuropsychological Sample.
Childers LG, Ingram PB, Schmidt AT … +1 more , Piña-Watson B
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40364504 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Valid client performance is critical to effective psychological testing. The MMPI-2-RF includes the Response Bias Scale (RBS) as an effective over-reporting scale and was developed for such detection efforts....
OBJECTIVE: Valid client performance is critical to effective psychological testing. The MMPI-2-RF includes the Response Bias Scale (RBS) as an effective over-reporting scale and was developed for such detection efforts. Emerging RBS research has evaluated modifications to improve the scale's reliability and validity, shortening it from 28 to 19-items. This study cross-validates RBS-19 in a large military sample using multiple Performance Validity Tests as outcome measures. It also examines the moderating effects of military rank. METHODS: Active-Duty Service members (n = 587) seen at Walter Reed National Medical Center. Archival data were collected during referral-based post-deployment screenings for reported cognitive impairments. Analytic plan includes PVT mean difference testing, RBS/RBS19 and PVT Pass All / Fail Any strengths of association, and moderation analyses. RESULTS: Results indicate a non-significant influence of rank at predicting PVT failure. RBS was generally equitable with RBS-19 but demonstrated some marginally better utility. Elevation frequency and differences in those rates (e.g., Chi Square and Phi Coefficient's) supported significant relationships between overall Pass All/Fail Any grouping. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical implications suggest differences in PVT detection when assessing response invalidity. Important moderator findings suggest rank does not influence response style. Inconsistency with previous literature suggests importance of context dependent testing (e.g., post-deployment, fitness for duty vs forensic/outpatient settings). Recommendations for future use in Active-Duty populations are provided.
Evaluation of In-person versus Remote Cognitive Assessment in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults via Regression-Based Change Analysis.
Latham LA, Craft S, Rapp SR … +6 more , Bateman JR, Cleveland M, Rogers S, Williams BJ, Yang M, Sachs BC
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40356045 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Compare the changes in neuropsychological test scores between remote and in-person follow-up assessment over a 1-year period using standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. METHOD: Participants were...
OBJECTIVE: Compare the changes in neuropsychological test scores between remote and in-person follow-up assessment over a 1-year period using standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. METHOD: Participants were from the Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC; N = 230) [mean age: 68.6 (7.8) years; education: 16.3 (2.3) years; 71% female; 86% White] and cognitively normal (as defined by a CDR of 0) at baseline and follow-up [mean days: 420.03 (48.53)]. Follow-up testing with the Uniform Data Set v3 Cognitive Battery was completed in person (n = 121) or remotely (n = 109) via phone (n = 61) or video (n = 48). SRB change scores were calculated using published formulas. Chi-square analysis compared the frequency of scores falling outside of an SRB cut-point +/-1.645 for follow-up assessments and mean SRB change scores were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the frequency of SRB change scores for in-person versus remote follow-up assessments at the SRB cut-point. Similarly, one-way ANOVAs comparing mean SRB change scores revealed no significant differences between in-person, telephone, and video follow-up means for any of the tests. CONCLUSIONS: Telephone and video cognitive assessments performed similarly to in-person assessment and offer a valuable tool for research and clinical applications.
An 18-Year Study of Changes in Neurocognitive Function and Associations with Repetitive Head Trauma among Former Collegiate American Football Players: A Case Series.
Walton SR, Kerr ZY, Powell JR … +4 more , Giovanello KS, McCrea MA, Guskiewicz KM, Brett BL
Arch Clin Neuropsychol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40324179 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in neurocognitive test scores among former collegiate American football players over 18 years and examine associations with head trauma history. METHODS: Former collegiate American football...
OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in neurocognitive test scores among former collegiate American football players over 18 years and examine associations with head trauma history. METHODS: Former collegiate American football players (n = 31; aged = 38.4 ± 1.3 years) self-reported their concussion history and repetitive head impact exposure (Head Impact Exposure Estimate). Neurocognitive testing was conducted at two time-points (during college [T1] and 18-year follow-up [T2]) via Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised Immediate and Delayed Recall; Verbal fluency; Symbol Digit Modalities Test; and Trail-Making Test-B. Raw score changes were calculated, with accompanying Cohen's d effect sizes and coefficients of variation. Repeated-measures analyses of covariance models were fit to examine changes in test performance. Multivariable linear regression models tested associations of sport-related concussion history and repetitive head impact exposure with change scores. RESULTS: No significant changes in cognitive test performance were observed (ps ≥ .06). Individual-level changes exhibited high variability (coefficients of variation ≥ 244%), and group-level effects were small to medium (d ≤ 0.41). Neither sport-related concussion history nor repetitive head impacts were related to change scores (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Group-level test scores did not change over 18 years among former collegiate football players now in midlife, though individual-level variability was high. Sport-related concussion and head impact exposure estimates were not related to change. Longitudinal studies are essential to understand cognitive trajectories of former football players and factors influencing those trajectories.
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