Experimental Aging Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Sense of Control Mediates the Relation between Discrimination and Executive Functions in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.
Ng WQ, Ng GR, Yang H
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 36214758 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Despite previous findings of a negative association between everyday discrimination and executive functions (EF) - a set of domain-general cognitive control processes - in middle-aged and older adults, less i...
BACKGROUND: Despite previous findings of a negative association between everyday discrimination and executive functions (EF) - a set of domain-general cognitive control processes - in middle-aged and older adults, less is known about the underlying mechanism. Thus, we focused on sense on control and its two facets - perceived constraints and personal mastery - as potential psychosocial mediators of this relation. METHODS: By analyzing a nationally representative adult cohort from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) 2 study, we examined two mediational models: a single mediation model with sense of control and a parallel mediation model with perceived constraints and personal mastery as mediators. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling analyses showed that sense of control, as well as personal mastery and perceived constraints, mediated the relationship between discrimination and EF in middle-aged and older adults. This held true when we controlled for age, race, gender, education, and health status. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the unique and distinctive roles of sense of control and its two facets in the relation between everyday discrimination and EF in middle-aged and older adults.
Destination Memory for Self-Related Information: When I Tell Elvis Presley about My Favorite Food.
El Haj M, Allain P, DEBont L … +1 more , Ndobo A
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 36208144 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Destination memory, the ability to remember to whom information was previously delivered, has found to be influenced by social processing and social interactions. This memory has also been shown to be comprom...
UNLABELLED: Destination memory, the ability to remember to whom information was previously delivered, has found to be influenced by social processing and social interactions. This memory has also been shown to be compromised in normal aging. Our paper investigated whether older adults would demonstrate better destination memory for self-related information than for general information. METHODS: We asked younger adults and older adults to tell self-related information (e.g., "I like Chinese food") and semantic information (e.g., "the moon is smaller than the sun") to pictures of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley). RESULTS: Analysis showed higher destination memory for self-related information than for semantic information in older adults and younger adults. DISCUSSION: Older adults may draw on self-related information to improve memory and social interactions.
HO-1 mediated by PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-rescueing impaired cognitive function induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat model.
Deng Y, Zhang X, Chen F … +3 more , Huang J, Zhang D, Luo J
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 36102206 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has neuroprotection on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) against oxidative stress. HO-1 may represent a target for treatment with CCH. This study aimed to observe the effe...
BACKGROUND: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has neuroprotection on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) against oxidative stress. HO-1 may represent a target for treatment with CCH. This study aimed to observe the effect of EGCG on cognition impaired in a rat model with CCH and investigate the mechanism. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat models of CCH were established using the 2-VO procedures. Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were determined the effects of EGCG on the impaired cognitive functions; HE staining was for detecting the histopathological changes; oxidative stress was assessed by measuring MDA, SOD levels and HO-1 activity. Western blots were for the expression of HO-1, PI3K, Akt (-Akt), and Nrf2. RESULTS: After EGCG treatment, the rats with CCH by 2-VO spent obviously longer time exploring the novel objects, had significantly shorter escape latency and better spatial exploring ability. Meanwhile, EGCG reduced the histopathological changes. Moreover, EGCG increased the concentration of SOD and the activity of HO-1, but decreased the MDA contents. Furthermore, EGCG treatment induced the expression of PI3K, -Akt, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein, and they were partly reversed by the LY294002, siRNA-Nrf2, or ZnPP. CONCLUSIONS: EGCG has a neuroprotective effect on rat impaired cognition induced by CCH, possibly by modulating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Reduced Olfactory Memory Performance Is Associated with Executive Function Deficits in Older Adults.
Schlintl C, Schienle A
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 36100444 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Previous research has identified an association between olfactory impairment (reduced odor sensitivity/ identification/ discrimination) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The present study focused on...
INTRODUCTION: Previous research has identified an association between olfactory impairment (reduced odor sensitivity/ identification/ discrimination) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The present study focused on the relationship between olfactory memory performance and cognitive/affective functioning. METHOD: Recognition performance for olfactory and visual stimuli (control condition) was tested through a matching task in older adults ( = 44; = 76 years) and younger adults ( = 56; = 24 years). Additionally, negative affect (anxiety, depression) and cognitive functioning were assessed via validated questionnaires and a neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS: The older participants performed worse than the younger adults in the olfactory memory task. In older adults, difficulties in remembering odors were associated with reduced odor identification and executive functioning (reduced cognitive flexibility). Affective well-being was not related to olfactory memory performance. IMPLICATION: Olfactory memory impairment in older adulthood might be a marker for cognitive decline in areas related to executive functions.
Overload and Emotional Wellbeing in a Sample of Spanish Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients during COVID-19 pandemic.
Rodríguez-Mora Á, Mateo Guirola T, Mestre JM
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 36036728 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Carers of Alzheimer's suffer from caregiver overload, anxiety and depression. Changes in caregiving brought about by pandemic restrictions (COVID-19) may play a role. The aim was to explore the caregiver pr...
INTRODUCTION: Carers of Alzheimer's suffer from caregiver overload, anxiety and depression. Changes in caregiving brought about by pandemic restrictions (COVID-19) may play a role. The aim was to explore the caregiver profile and assess the influence of the pandemic on informal and formal caregivers in a Spanish sample. METHOD: Sixty caregivers participated. An ad hoc questionnaire, ZBI, STAI and BDI were administered. RESULTS: Informal caregivers were more overloaded, anxious and depressed than professional caregivers. Both groups perceived themselves to be more sad, worried and stressed than in the pre-pandemic situation. The pandemic-generated variables associated with caregiving did not influence caregiver overload in both groups. In informal caregivers, worsening of the patient with stress and changes in perceived social support with anxiety and depression. In professional caregivers, changes in routine were associated with stress and lower depression and changes in perceived social support with higher caregiver strain. Changes in caregiving routine and changes in perceived social support were predictors of overload and emotional distress in both caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Overload was not influenced by the pandemic situation. Changes in caregiving routine and lack of social support were found to be predictors of overload and emotional distress in both types of caregivers.
The QuadMax Task: Parametrically Manipulating Associative Memory Load across the Adult Lifespan.
Franco CY, Alcaraz-Torres A, Bennett IJ
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 36000581 · Publisher ↗
Adults of all ages are worse at recognizing pairs of items that were previously seen together relative to the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memo...
Adults of all ages are worse at recognizing pairs of items that were previously seen together relative to the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher associative loads, which place greater demands on binding processes that link items into a cohesive memory trace, among other processes (e.g., working memory, recollection). In this study, adults across the lifespan (n = 250, 18-78 years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in adults of all ages as fewer correct responses to repeated sets (hits), more incorrect responses to recombined sets (recombined false alarm, FA), and larger differences between these measures (associative memory) at higher set sizes. In addition, older adults had worse associative memory performance (higher recombined FA, lower associative memory) that increased at higher set sizes. These findings indicate that associative memory deficits increase with demands on binding or other processes at higher associative loads and with aging. They further demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating and assessing associative memory load using our novel QuadMax task.
Mastering the Relationship between the Body and the Brain? The Case of a Female Master Athlete.
Saillant K, Intzandt B, Bérubé B … +3 more , Sanami S, Gauthier C, Bherer L
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35950796 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity significantly increases risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are highly prevalent in aging. Conversely, higher levels of physical activity in aging have been associated with benefits for...
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity significantly increases risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are highly prevalent in aging. Conversely, higher levels of physical activity in aging have been associated with benefits for physical and cognitive health and is hypothesized to prevent and reduce development of cardiovascular risk factors. However, those older adults with the highest activity levels (i.e., Master Athletes [MA]) are relatively understudied, and even fewer studies involve female MA. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the physiological, physical, and cognitive profiles of an 83-year-old track-and-field MA runner to a sample of inactive age-matched females. RESULTS: Results revealed the MA had a high peak oxygen uptake and had superior performance on visuospatial memory tasks compared to her inactive counterparts. Cerebral blood flow was slightly elevated in the MA, but lower cerebrovascular reactivity was revealed compared to the other female included in the magnetic resonance imaging portion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that high levels of physical activity have benefits on multiple aspects of an aging female's life and that more studies should include MA, as well as a spectrum of cardiorespiratory fitness to further understand the role of physical activity in female aging.
Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Functioning among Oldest Old Adults: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study.
Martin P, Gondo Y, Lee G … +3 more , Woodard JL, Miller LS, Poon LW
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35929967 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Living a long life does not guarantee the maintenance of optimal cognitive functioning; however, similar to older adults in general, cognitive reserve may also protect oldest-old adults from cognitive decline...
OBJECTIVES: Living a long life does not guarantee the maintenance of optimal cognitive functioning; however, similar to older adults in general, cognitive reserve may also protect oldest-old adults from cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to assess cognitive reserve among centenarians and octogenarians and to evaluate a process model of cognitive reserve. METHODS: A total of 321 centenarians and octogenarians from the Georgia Centenarian Study were included in this study. Cognitive reserve components included level of education, occupational responsibility, current social engagement, past engaged lifestyle, and activity. Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental Status Examination. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling was computed, and the overall model fit well, χ2 (df = 3) = 5.02, p = .17; CFI = .99, RMSEA = .05. Education is directly and indirectly related to cognitive functioning through occupational responsibility and past engaged lifestyle. Current social engagement is related to cognitive functioning directly and indirectly through current activities. The four direct predictors (i.e., education, current social engagement, current activity, and past engaged lifestyle) explained 35% of the variance in cognitive functioning. CONCLUSION: The results provide important information for cognitive reserve theories with implications for interventions that build cognitive reserve.
Effects of Musical Mnemonics on Working Memory Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Young and Older Adults.
Derks-Dijkman MW, Schaefer RS, Stegeman ML … +2 more , van Tilborg IDA, Kessels RPC
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35924747 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To overcome memory decrements in healthy aging, compensation strategies and mnemonics have been found to be promising. The effects of musical mnemonics in aging have been scarcely studied. METHODS: The present...
OBJECTIVE: To overcome memory decrements in healthy aging, compensation strategies and mnemonics have been found to be promising. The effects of musical mnemonics in aging have been scarcely studied. METHODS: The present study examined the effects of musical presentation of digits (pitch sequences, rhythms, and their combinations) on working memory performance in young and older adults, as compared to spoken presentation. RESULTS: A facilitating effect of rhythm was found in both groups, whereas pitch and melodic cues affected performance negatively in older adults only. Musical training did not moderate the effect of musical mnemonics. DISCUSSION: To investigate whether persons with working memory impairment also benefit from musical mnemonics, follow-up research in older persons with, for instance, mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's dementia is recommended.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised (FFQ-R) in Nursing Home Residents with Mild Cognitive Decline.
Özden F, Yıldız Kızkın Z, Özkeskin M
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35916299 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised (FFQ-R) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) living in...
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised (FFQ-R) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) living in a nursing home. METHODS: The study was conducted with 107 (69 women) older adults. The participants were evaluated with the FFQ-R, the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Barthel Index and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)". FFQ-R was refilled one month later for retesting. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha value of the FFQ-R was 0.971. The global internal consistency was excellent (>0.80). Intraclass correlation coefficient of the FFQ-R was 0.962 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), indicating excellent test-retest reliability. The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) values of the FFQ-R was 0.80 and 2.21, respectively. The correlation between the total score of FFQ-R and the FES was excellent (r = 0.963, p < .001). The relationship between FFQ-R and MMSE was excellent (r = -0.821, p < .001). Besides, there was a moderate correlation between the FFQ-R with Barthel Index (r = -0.648, p < .001) and FFR-Q with MADRS (r = 0.568, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Turkish version of the FFQ-R is a valid and reliable tool to assess the fear of falling in nursing home residents.
Aerobic Training with Naringin Supplementation Improved Spatial Cognition via HS Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats.
Salehpour M, Ashabi G, Kashef M … +2 more , Marashi ES, Ghasemi T
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35848609 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of one-month naringin administration and exercise training on cognitive impairment and HS signaling pathway in an Amyloid β (Aβ)-injected rat. METHODS: Rats were divided into f...
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of one-month naringin administration and exercise training on cognitive impairment and HS signaling pathway in an Amyloid β (Aβ)-injected rat. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups: control group; rats underwent Aβ microinjection surgery, exercise group; rats underwent Aβ microinjection surgery and trained by treadmill for four weeks, naringin group; rats underwent Aβ microinjection surgery, and rats orally administrated 80 mg.kg naringin for four weeks, naringin+exercise group; rats underwent Aβ microinjection surgery and were trained by treadmill for four weeks, and also, rats orally administrated 80 mg.kg naringin for four weeks. After one month of treatment, spatial learning and memory were measured, and then hippocampi were sampled. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), hydrogen sulfide (HS) levels, and neuronal death were detected in the hippocampi of rats. RESULTS: Naringin and exercise improved spatial learning (latency time, P < .001) and memory (P < .001) in the Morris Water Maze test in Aβ-injected rats compared with the control group. SAM (P < .01), CBS (P < .001), and HS (P < .01) levels are increased in the naringin+exercise group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study supports the effect of exercise and/or naringin to improve cognitive dysfunction and cell death through the production of HS.
Association between Pain Intensity, Pain Belief, and Coping Strategies in Older Adults.
Şimşek Ş, Oymak Soysal AN, Kaş Özdemir A
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35848597 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to determine the relation between pain, pain belief, and coping strategies and the interaction effect of pain belief and coping stretegies on pain intensity in older adults living in Denizli. 601 older a...
This study aimed to determine the relation between pain, pain belief, and coping strategies and the interaction effect of pain belief and coping stretegies on pain intensity in older adults living in Denizli. 601 older adults (68.32 ± 8.28 years) with good cognitive function participated in current study. Pain intensity, pain beliefs and coping strategies were assessed with Geriartric Pain Measure (GPM), Pain Beliefs Scale (PBS) and Pain Coping Inventory (PCI), respectively. Mean pain intensity of older adults was 53.6 ± 21 (0-99.96). There was a statistically significant difference in passive coping strategies between older adults with mild, moderate, and severe pain (p < .001). As organic pain belief and active coping strategies increase, the pain intensity decreases in older adults living in Denizli.
Amelioration of Cholesterol Rich diet-induced Impaired Cognition in AD Transgenic Mice by an LXR Agonist TO901317 Is Associated with the Activation of the LXR-β-RXR-α-ABCA1 Transmembrane Transport System and Improving the Composition of Lipid Raft.
Na Y, Ke L, Jie Z … +5 more , Jinping W, Tao M, Jie Z, Liu Y, Yueqin Z
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35792710 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that LXR agonist can inhibit Aβ generation and alleviate Aβ-induced various adverse reactions in vivo and in vitro experiments, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. The study aimed...
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that LXR agonist can inhibit Aβ generation and alleviate Aβ-induced various adverse reactions in vivo and in vitro experiments, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. The study aimed to observe the effect of LXR agonist TO901317 on the cognitive function of AD transgenic mice fed with cholesterol-rich diet (CRD), and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: 32 male 6-month-old double transgenic AD mice were enrolled and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (normal diet) group, CRD treatment group, TO901317 treatment group and GSK2033 treatment group. After 3 month, Morris water maze was for the changes of spatial exploration and memory ability; ELISA was for detecting the production of Aβ42 in the brain; the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum were detected by cholesterol enzyme colorimetry; Finally, the expression of LXR-β, RXR-α, ABCA1, caveolin-1, BACE1 and APP at protein level in the brains was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the learning, memory ability and spatial exploration ability of the mice were more significantly serious in the CRD group (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in the serum and the production of Aβ42 in the brains were significantly increased (P<0.05), but HDL was remarkably decreased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α and ABCA1 were also significantly decreased (P<0.05); The expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were evidently increased (P<0.05). However, after treatment with TO901317, the impaired learning and memory and spatial exploration ability of the mice were significantly improved (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in serum and the production of Aβ42 in the brains were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but HLD was increased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, ABCA1were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while, the expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were all significantly decreased (P<0.05). All the changes were reversed by GSK2033 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TO901317 attenuated the more serious impairment of spatial exploration, learning and memory in transgenic AD mice induced by CRD, and the mechanism may be that TO901317 could activate the LXR-β/RXR-α/ABCA1 transmembrane transport system, promote the cholesterol efflux, and decreased caveolin-1, APP and BACE1, further reduce Aβ42 in the brains.
No Common Factor Underlying Decline of Visual Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Garobbio S, Pilz KS, Kunchulia M … +1 more , Herzog MH
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35786407 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Recent work has shown an association between cognitive and visual impairments and two main theories were advanced, namely the sensory deprivation and the common cause theories. Most studies considered only...
INTRODUCTION: Recent work has shown an association between cognitive and visual impairments and two main theories were advanced, namely the sensory deprivation and the common cause theories. Most studies considered only basic visual functions such as visual acuity or visual field size and evaluated the association with dementia. OBJECTIVES: To reconcile between these theories and to test the link between visual and cognitive decline in mildly cognitive impaired people. METHODS: We employed a battery of 19 visual tasks on 39 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and 91 without any evidence of cognitive decline, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. RESULTS: Our results show a strong association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment. In agreement with previous results with younger and healthy older adults, we found also only weak correlations between most tests in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that visual and cognitive abilities decline simultaneously, but they do so independently across visual and cognitive functions and across participants.
Time-Varying Effect Models for Examining Age-Dynamic Associations in Gerontological Research.
Costello DM, Murphy TE
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35786370 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Dynamic processes unfolding over later adulthood are of prime interest to gerontological researchers. Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) accommodates dynamic change trajectories, but its use in gerontologica...
OBJECTIVES: Dynamic processes unfolding over later adulthood are of prime interest to gerontological researchers. Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) accommodates dynamic change trajectories, but its use in gerontological research is limited. We introduce and demonstrate TVEM with an empirical example based on the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). METHODS: We examined (a) age-varying prevalence of past month elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety and (b) age-varying associations between older adults' elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety and needing help with basic activities of daily living and educational attainment. RESULTS: The proportion of participants reporting elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety in the past month increased gradually from 23-29% across the ages 70-92. Individuals needing help with ADLs had higher odds of reporting elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety, however the association was strongest for those in their 60s versus 80s. Across all ages, adults with lower education levels had higher odds of reporting elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety, an association that also varied by age. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated TVEM's value for studying dynamic associations that vary across chronological age. With the recent availability of free, user-friendly software for implementing TVEM, gerontological researchers have a new tool for exploring complex change processes that characterize older adults' development.
Older Adult Health Condition as a Moderator of How Middle-Aged Adults' Ageist Attitudes and Aging Anxiety Relate to Their Compassion for and Emotional Distance from Older Adults.
Bashian HM, Caskie GIL
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35762452 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Using Terror Management Theory and Social Identity Theory as frameworks, we examined whether the relationship of aging anxiety to compassion for and emotional distance from older adults was mediated by ageist...
OBJECTIVES: Using Terror Management Theory and Social Identity Theory as frameworks, we examined whether the relationship of aging anxiety to compassion for and emotional distance from older adults was mediated by ageist attitudes and whether an older adult's health condition moderated these relationships. METHOD: Using an experimental design, 292 middle-aged adults (40-55 years) were assigned to read a description of an older adult with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), prostate cancer, or who was healthy. RESULTS: The relationship of aging anxiety to compassion was mediated by ageist attitudes in both the AD and prostate cancer conditions. More ageist attitudes related to less compassion more strongly for unhealthy older adult conditions than for the healthy older adult condition as well as for the AD condition compared to the cancer condition. Ageist attitudes related to more emotional distance from the older adult with AD than the older adult with cancer. DISCUSSION: Older adults with AD may evoke a stronger relationship of ageist attitudes with emotions toward older adults. These findings extend previous research by examining middle-aged participants, a population often serving as caregivers to their aging relatives.
Reducing age-related Memory Deficits: The Roles of Environmental Support and self-initiated Processing Activities.
Craik FIM
Exp Aging Res · 2022 · PMID 35659168 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The notion that memory performance in older adults can be boosted by information provided by the environment was proposed by Craik (1983). The suggestion was that age-related memory deficits can be attenuated...
BACKGROUND: The notion that memory performance in older adults can be boosted by information provided by the environment was proposed by Craik (1983). The suggestion was that age-related memory deficits can be attenuated and sometimes even eliminated by a complementary combination of environmental support and consciously controlled self-initiated activities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present article was to review the subsequent empirical and theoretical work on the topics of environmental support and self-initiated ativities as they relate to the effects of aging on human memory. DISCUSSION: The notion of schematic support from the person's knowledge base is introduced and its relevance discussed. In addition, the effects of various types of support on encoding and retrieval processes in older adults are desribed, and the increasing theoretical importance of executive processes in reducing age-related memory deficits is discussed. CONCLUSION: As one main conclusion, it is suggested that self-initiated control processes interact with both information provided by the environment and by the person's knowledge base to improve the effectiveness of encoding and retrieval processing in older adults.
Same Goals, but Different Outcomes: Present-Focused versus Future-Focused Memory Beliefs Differentially Predict Young and Older Adults' Everyday Use of Memory Strategies.
Lineweaver TT, Collins AN, Smith SC … +2 more , Horhota M, Crumley-Branyon J
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35642537 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether beliefs about the current versus future effectiveness of memory strategies predict young and older adults' everyday strategy use. METHOD: 103 young and 91 older adults reported their me...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether beliefs about the current versus future effectiveness of memory strategies predict young and older adults' everyday strategy use. METHOD: 103 young and 91 older adults reported their memory goals, beliefs about the current and future effectiveness of various strategies, and frequency of use of each strategy type. RESULTS: The two age groups equally valued current and future memory. Young adults' strategy selection related only to their beliefs about the strategies' current effectiveness; older adults utilized approaches they perceived as effective for improving both future and current memory. IMPLICATIONS: Findings highlight the importance of the temporal nature of memory strategy beliefs.
Relationship between Health Literacy and Frailty in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.
Candemir B, Yıldırım F, Yaşar E … +2 more , Erten Y, Göker B
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35467490 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of frailty, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Limited health literacy (HL) is a condition that can cause frailty in CKD. Frailty leads...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of frailty, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Limited health literacy (HL) is a condition that can cause frailty in CKD. Frailty leads to a decreased resistance to stress situations caused by activities of daily living and increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HL and frailty in older adults with stage 4-5 CKD. METHODS: A total of 109 patients with stage 4-5CKD were included. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Health literacy was assessed by the Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Questionnaire. Frailty status was measured using the Fried Frailty Index. RESULTS: The median age was 72 (68-80) years and 72 patients (66.1%) had lowHL. Forty-six patients (42.2%) were frail, and frailty was more common in the low HL group. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that low HL level was common in geriatric patients with stage 4-5 CKD and was associated with frailty, as well as a decrease in daily and instrumental life activities, decrease in acceptance of illness scale, and compliance with medical treatment.
Observed Strategies on Naturalistic Associative Memory Tasks in Healthy Older Adults and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Pike KE, Wright BJ, Kinsella GJ
Exp Aging Res · 2023 · PMID 35451919 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Understanding the strategies people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) spontaneously use can inform targeted memory training. METHOD: Strategy use was observed for 99 people with aMCI and 100 heal...
BACKGROUND: Understanding the strategies people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) spontaneously use can inform targeted memory training. METHOD: Strategy use was observed for 99 people with aMCI and 100 healthy older adults (HOA) on two memory tasks. RESULTS: No differences were found between aMCI and HOA in the amount or types of strategies used, but strategy use varied with task. Association was more effective for one task, whereas on the other task, use of written notes or multiple strategies were detrimental to performance and related to poorer performance than active (spaced) retrieval, for aMCI. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the importance of identifying ineffective habits, in addition to instruction in more beneficial approaches.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe