Iranian Journal Of Microbiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effect of supplementation on biofilms and antibiotic efficacy against .
Salehibarmi M, Siroosi M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510040 · Full text
, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in vulnerable patients. However, treating these infections is challenging due to its various antibiotic resist...
, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in vulnerable patients. However, treating these infections is challenging due to its various antibiotic resistance mechanisms and biofilm formation ability. As traditional antibiotic development struggles to keep pace with evolving resistance, this review explores a promising alternative strategy which is enhancing existing antibiotic efficacy by combining them with nutritional supplements that modulate physiology. Specifically, it focuses on studies investigating the effects of diverse carbon, nitrogen, and iron sources on bacterial response to antibiotics, and the mechanisms underlying observed synergy. To achieve this, published literature on metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and nutritional influences was comprehensively analyzed and summarized. The findings highlight specific carbon, nitrogen, and iron sources that can enhance various antibiotic classes against . These include supplements capable of disrupting biofilm formation, reducing efflux pump activity, or interfering with other resistance mechanisms, thereby increasing antibiotic susceptibility. The specific mechanisms by which these supplements interact with bacterial physiology and antibiotic action are thoroughly discussed. Ultimately, modulating physiology through strategic supplementation alongside existing antibiotics offers a promising approach to overcome drug resistance in this pathogen.
Multiplex PCR for lower respiratory tract infection diagnosis in ICU and non-ICU settings: enhancing diagnostic stewardship in Indian tertiary care.
Singh R, Kakati B
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510039 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both ICU and non-ICU patients. Timely identification of causative pathogens and antimicrobial resist...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both ICU and non-ICU patients. Timely identification of causative pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes is critical for optimizing therapy. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (BFPP), a multiplex PCR assay, for pathogen and AMR detection in LRTI cases at a tertiary care hospital in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted over 29 months (October 2022-February 2025) on 251 respiratory specimens from clinically suspected LRTIs. BFPP was performed for bacterial, viral, and AMR gene detection, with results compared to conventional aerobic bacterial culture. Diagnostic yield, co-infection rates, and concordance were assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: BFPP detected at least one pathogen in 81.7% of samples versus 44.2% by culture, with 55.8% showing polymicrobial infections. Sensitivity was 94.6%, with moderate agreement with culture (κ = 0.428). Among 251 cases, predominant bacteria included (29.5%), (24.7%), and (19.9%).Major viral agents were human rhinovirus/enterovirus (15.1%) and influenza A virus (13.1%). Among 174 AMR-positive cases, (59.2%), - (56.9%), and (46.6%) were the most frequently detected resistance genes. CONCLUSION: The BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (BFPP) demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity of 94.6% and detected pathogens in 81.7% of suspected LRTI cases, compared to 44.2% positivity by conventional culture. BFPP identified 69 additional pathogens missed by culture, enabling earlier targeted therapy and improved diagnostic stewardship in ICU and non-ICU settings.
Investigation of the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on growth and biofilm formation of .
Al-Momani H, Mashal S, AlGhawrie H
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510038 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antimicrobial resistance of bacteria limits the spectrum of effective antibiotics. Considerable focus has been placed on the identification of more contemporary and cost-effective antimicr...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antimicrobial resistance of bacteria limits the spectrum of effective antibiotics. Considerable focus has been placed on the identification of more contemporary and cost-effective antimicrobial drugs. In this study, the antibacterial properties of a commonly used solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), against were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microtiter broth dilution technique was employed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of DMSO. The solvent's impact on bacterial growth, biofilm formation and eradication was assessed. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out to assess the effect of varying DMSO concentrations ranging from 1% to 8% (v/v) on quorum sensing gene expression. RESULTS: All strains exhibited a DMSO MIC of 25% v/v and MBC of 50% v/v. DMSO caused significant growth inhibition and suppression of biofilm formation in all strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations, i.e. 1%-8% v/v. At these concentrations, the samples showed a reduction in biomass and reduced metabolic activity. These effects were concentration-dependent. A DMSO strength of 8% v/v was associated with a statistically significant downregulation of most of the quorum sensing genes; at a DMSO titer of 1% v/v, this effect was modest with only a few genes being significantly affected. CONCLUSION: DMSO is a potential therapeutic agent against as it has been demonstrated that it exhibits antimicrobial characteristics. Moreover, the impact of DMSO on bacterial growth and biofilm formation complicates its use as a solvent in biologic and clinical research.
Human papillomavirus infection and its association with lung cancer: a case-control study (2011-2019).
Shakeri Z, Makvandi M, Mirzaei H … +2 more , Kanani M, Jalilian S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510037 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 4.5% of all new human cancers. The purpose of this study was to look into the prevalence of various HPV types in patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 4.5% of all new human cancers. The purpose of this study was to look into the prevalence of various HPV types in patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a cohort of 61 individuals who had received treatment at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz between 2011 and 2019. Paraffin-embedded tissues were used for molecular analysis. The primary goal was to assess the differences in HPV prevalence between lung cancer patients and a control group, using a Nested PCR assay followed by sequencing. RESULTS: Among the lung cancer patients, HPV DNA was detected in 10 individuals, while three individuals in the control group were also positive (16.3% versus 12.0%, P=0.65). Notably, every detected HPV variant was classified as the high-risk type 16. Additionally, the researchers investigated potential associations between age, sex, smoking habits, and lung cancer in both HPV-positive and negative patients. The study findings revealed that age, sex, and smoking habits did not show statistically significant associations with the presence of HPV (P>0.05). Moreover, Lung cancer incidence was not significantly correlated with HPV infection (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, according to the study's findings, smoking, HPV infection, and lung cancer prevalence were not significantly correlated in the population under investigation.
The etiology of acute infectious febrile illnesses at a tertiary care hospital: an experience from a hilly region of Uttarakhand.
Rawat Y, Pal S, Negi A … +3 more , Husain U, Nath R, Negi N
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510036 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness (AFI) is influenced by the regional distribution of prevalent diseases. Hence, in our hospital-based data analysis, we evaluated the AFI case...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness (AFI) is influenced by the regional distribution of prevalent diseases. Hence, in our hospital-based data analysis, we evaluated the AFI cases presented to our center to raise awareness among clinicians and microbiologists regarding the percentage positivity of the prevailing diseases in the context of AFI based on serology, in and around the city of Dehradun. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38,869 suspected AFI patients were enrolled in the study, and their specimens were analysed for infectious etiologies, including dengue, malaria, enteric fever, and scrub typhus by antigen-antibody based detection methods. RESULTS: Data analysis conducted from September 2021 to December 2022 among patients with AFI revealed that enteric fever, dengue, scrub typhus, and malaria accounted for 12.65%, 7.37%, 1.44%, and 0.18% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Since enteric fever followed by dengue was found to be contributing the maximum, mass education regarding safe drinking water, hygiene, sanitation, and strengthening of vector control measures is the need of the hour.
Sulfonamide resistance, virulence traits, and in-silico target interactions among clinical isolates in Setif, Algeria (2021-2023).
Kara A, Krache I, Boussoualim N … +4 more , Bourouche R, Hamani N, Kheloufi MN, Benguerba Y
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510035 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing global health concern, particularly in developing regions. Sulfonamides, once widely used, now face increasing resistance. This study assessed the pr...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing global health concern, particularly in developing regions. Sulfonamides, once widely used, now face increasing resistance. This study assessed the prevalence, resistance profiles, and virulences traites of sulfonamide-resistant strains in Sétif, Algeria (2021-2023). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 215 clinical isolates were collected from patients aged 1 day to 96 years (mean 42.7). Most were community-acquired (77.2%), with urinary tract infections predominating (49.3% in women, 32.1% in men). Identification and susceptibility testing followed standard microbiological and Kirby-Bauer methods. Virulence factors (biofilm, hemolysin, protease, lecithinase, and lipase) were examined. Molecular docking compared sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim binding to their enzymatic targets. RESULTS: was the most frequent isolate (47.9%), followed by spp. (11.6%). Biofilm formation was common (88.8%), with complete production in , , , and . Hemolysis patterns were α (30.7%), β (27.9%), and none (41.4%). Enzymatic activity included protease (48.8%), lecithinase (22.8%), and lipase (9.8%). High resistance was observed to penicillins (87.9%), cephalosporins (63.7%), and fluoroquinolones (56.3%). Resistance was lower to imipenem (33.0%) and amikacin (14.4%). Docking showed weaker sulfamethoxazole binding to DHPS than trimethoprim to DHFR. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially , combined with biofilm and enzyme production, underscores the urgent need for careful antibiotic stewardship in this region.
Effects of pulsed and continuous ultrasound therapy on olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients.
Feizabadi N, Rostamian A, Nakhostin Ansari N … +2 more , Moghimi E, Norouzi M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510034 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Olfactory dysfunction is common in COVID-19 patients, with a pooled prevalence of up to 50%. This study investigated the efficacy of pulsed and continuous ultrasound treatment on olfactory diso...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Olfactory dysfunction is common in COVID-19 patients, with a pooled prevalence of up to 50%. This study investigated the efficacy of pulsed and continuous ultrasound treatment on olfactory disorders of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of COVID-19 patients having anosmia were studied, each including 15 patients. Pulsed ultrasound and continuous ultrasound were used to evaluate their efficacy on anosmia recovery in two groups of patients. The patients were subjected to pulsed or continuous ultrasound intervention 10 times during two weeks (5 days per week). The control group received no intervention. The SIT (Smell Identification Test) was used to assess the severity of olfactory dysfunctions of all patients on days 0 and 14. Data analysis was done using MANCOVA test. RESULTS: Totally 20 (44.4%) and 25 (55.6%) patients were affected by Delta and Omicron variants of COVID-19 virus. The SIT test results showed a significant improvement in olfactory recovery of all 30 patients except one after ultrasound treatment (p < 0.05), but this was not observed in the control group. Pulsed and continuous ultrasound treatment showed an almost equal effect on olfaction status. CONCLUSION: Although there was no difference in olfactory test results in the control group during intervention period, pulsed and continuous ultrasound interventions were significantly effective in improving patients' olfaction. Pulsed and continuous therapeutic ultrasound improved the COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction and can be considered as a promising technique for postinfectious olfaction.
Tight junctions expression is affected by active, inactive, and derivatives of .
Ghaderi F, Hajebrahimi Z, Fateh A … +4 more , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Ahmadi Badi S, Vaezijoze S, Siadat SD
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510033 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tight junctions (TJs) in the gastrointestinal tract are comprised of various junctional proteins including Occludin and Zonula Occludens (ZO-1) that have a critical role in epithelial barrier f...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tight junctions (TJs) in the gastrointestinal tract are comprised of various junctional proteins including Occludin and Zonula Occludens (ZO-1) that have a critical role in epithelial barrier function. Gut microbiota and their derived metabolites can maintain and regulate gut epithelial barrier integrity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, the effects of active, heat-inactivated, cell-free supernatant, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of were evaluated on the expression of and ZO-1 genes in Caco-2 cell line by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Data have shown that both forms of the active (metabolically active, growing, and dividing state), and heat inactivated (by exposure to 56°C for 20 minutes) forms of the bacteria and the cell-free supernatant could affect the expression of and ZO-1 genes (P < 0.05). OMVs significantly increased the expression of the gene but had no effects on the expression of ZO-1. CONCLUSION: and its derived metabolites might have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and medicinal fields as probiotic, paraprobiotic and postbiotic agents to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases; Although, further research is needed to understand their interactions within the complex gut microbiome and to evaluate potential side effects or risks associated with their use.
Prevalence of , , , , and virulence genes in clinical isolates of from hospitals in Yasuj and Shiraz, Iran.
Hasannezhad A, Ebrahimi H, Mansourian A … +3 more , Eilami O, Sharifi A, Khosravani SA
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510032 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium, is ubiquitous and represents one of the most challenging multidrug-resistant pathogens today. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate antibiotic res...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium, is ubiquitous and represents one of the most challenging multidrug-resistant pathogens today. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns, detect the antibiotic resistance gene, and identify virulence factor genes (, , , and ) in clinical isolates of MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study analyzed 74 isolates obtained from clinical samples at Imam Sajad (Yasuj) and Namazi (Shiraz) hospitals, including 74 clinical isolates and one standard reference strain. Bacterial identification was performed using standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2018 guidelines. Genomic DNA was extracted by means of boiling method, and PCR assays were applied to detect , , , , and genes. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: Among 74 isolates, all carried the gene, while , , , and were detected in 95.6%, 94.6%, 93.2%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. High resistance was observed to aztreonam and ticarcillin, while cefiderocol showed the greatest sensitivity. A significant correlation was found between the gene and antibiotic resistance (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study reveals a high prevalence of virulence genes and increasing antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies to combat this pathogen.
Yeast-mediated display: probing HopQ and CEACAM1 interaction.
Mofarrah N, Larypoor M, Norozi J
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41510031 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , as a Gram-negative pathogen plays a key role in causing gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies. The bacterial adhesin HopQ binds human CEACAM1, promoting adherence and CagA...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , as a Gram-negative pathogen plays a key role in causing gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies. The bacterial adhesin HopQ binds human CEACAM1, promoting adherence and CagA oncoprotein translocation. This study aimed to establish a yeast-based surface expression platform to investigate the HopQ-CEACAM1 interaction as a basis for future inhibitor screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The N-terminal domain of human CEACAM1 (C1ND) was displayed on the surface of BY4741 as C1ND or C1ND-EGFP via Aga2 fusion. Constructs were introduced by electroporation and confirmed by PCR. Protein expression and localization were validated by western blot, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Binding assays involved GFP-tagged HopQ and GFP-expressing RESULTS: Western blot confirmed surface expression of C1ND and C1ND-EGFP. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed strong fluorescence signals, with significantly higher mean fluorescence intensity and anti-GFP-positive yeast compared to controls (P < 0.01). Yeast-displayed C1ND specifically bound HopQ-GFP and GFP-expressing CONCLUSION: Yeast surface display of CEACAM1's N-domain is an effective model for studying HopQ-CEACAM1 binding and offers potential for identifying inhibitors to block adhesion and associated disorders.
dysregulates the expression of autophagy-related genes in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line in vitro.
Esmaeilzadeh M, Kafilzadeh F, Kargar M … +2 more , Aghdaei HA, Yadegar A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234656 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that () infection could correlate with autophagy dysregulation. This research was undertaken to investigate whether can dysregulate the expression of genes related to a...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that () infection could correlate with autophagy dysregulation. This research was undertaken to investigate whether can dysregulate the expression of genes related to autophagy in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten clinical isolates recovered from peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and chronic gastritis (CG) patients were used for cell infection assays. AGS cells infected with strains at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 were incubated at 37°C for 12 h. The expression of autophagy-related genes ( and ) was determined in AGS cells by RT-qPCR. ELISA was applied to measure IL-8 production. RESULTS: The gene expression of was upregulated by both CG and PUD strains. The overexpression was more pronounced in PUD than CG strains. On the contrary, gene was downregulated in all -infected AGS cells. In addition, strains could significantly produce IL-8 in AGS cells. CONCLUSION: Our in vitro study demonstrates that could alter the expression of autophagy-related genes. Further investigation could precisely uncover the mechanism whereby dysregulates host autophagy.
Neonatal vaccination and HBV prevalence: evidence from Esfandiar village, Iran.
Jarrahi N, Khosrojerdi A, Osmani F … +2 more , Ziaee A, Ziaee M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234655 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health challenge, particularly in hyperendemic regions. This study assessed the effectiveness of Iran's national HBV vaccination program in Esfand...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health challenge, particularly in hyperendemic regions. This study assessed the effectiveness of Iran's national HBV vaccination program in Esfandiar village, South Khorasan Province, where HBV prevalence substantially exceeds the national average. We compared hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence between cohorts born before and after implementation of the universal vaccination program in 1993. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study encompassing both unvaccinated individuals (born before 1993) and vaccinated individuals (born 1993 onwards) in Esfandiar village. Serum samples were analyzed for HBsAg, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: HBsAg prevalence was markedly higher among unvaccinated individuals (22.56%, 132/585) compared to vaccinated individuals (1.19%, 3/252), yielding a vaccine effectiveness of 94.74%. Among vaccinated children, 54% maintained protective antibody titers (>10 mIU/mL), with highest levels observed in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Conversely, 46% of vaccinated children demonstrated suboptimal antibody titers (<10 mIU/mL), predominantly among those born to HBsAg-negative mothers. Notably, all three HBsAg-positive vaccinated children were born to mothers with concurrent HBsAg and HBeAg positivity. CONCLUSION: The national HBV vaccination program demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in reducing HBsAg prevalence, underscoring the critical importance of universal neonatal immunization in endemic settings. Enhanced preventive strategies, including hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration to infants of HBeAg-positive mothers, could further optimize protection. Sustained surveillance and rigorous adherence to vaccination protocols remain essential for achieving comprehensive HBV control.
Diagnostic value comparative analysis of the commercial kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kadivarian S, Rostamian M, Kooti S … +4 more , Dashtbin S, Hosseinabadi S, Abiri R, Alvand A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234654 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid and accurate identification of suspicious SARS-CoV-2 patients is essential in controlling the infection. Numerous commercial kits are developed which target diverse regions of the SARS-Co...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid and accurate identification of suspicious SARS-CoV-2 patients is essential in controlling the infection. Numerous commercial kits are developed which target diverse regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome. This systematic review addresses the lack of comprehensive analyses comparing the diagnostic value of commercial kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection. We aimed to compare diagnostic value of commercial SARS-CoV-2 kits in clinical samples using a systematic review and meta-analysis method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on main databases of Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and Scopus from 2019 to October 2021 using the appropriate keywords. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline PRISMA checklist was used to select eligible studies. RESULTS: The most frequent introduced kits were from USA (33 cases) and China (27). Among all studies, 11, 9 and 7 papers had assessed FDA -CDC, Sansure and Allplex kits, respectively. The majority of the kits were based on RT-PCR (52 cases) and the most frequent genes target was N protein (63 cases). The overall sensitivity of the kits was 80.5%. The lowest sensitivity was reported for Daan Kit, while the highest sensitivity was seen for many kits. The specificity of the kits ranged from 87.9% to 99.8% and the overall specificity was 97.9%. Both PPV and NPV of the kits ranged from 87.9% to 99.8% for PPV and 82.9% to 99.8% for NPV. CONCLUSION: Based on DOR obtained from three different formulas, GeneFinder, InBios, NxTAG, Simplexa and FDA-CDC kit have better detection performance. The GeneFinder Kit appears to be among the more suitable options regarding cost-effectiveness for each reaction.
Investigating the correlation between oncogenic HPV, sexually transmitted disease, and vaginal microbiota in patients with normal Pap smear.
Farzaneh F, Hekmatnia K, Sadat Hosseini M … +5 more , Arab M, Talayeh M, Vasef M, Yavari S, Keyvani H
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234653 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the correlation between high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV), sexually transmitted disease (STD), and vaginal microbiota in patients with a normal Pap smear. MATERI...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the correlation between high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV), sexually transmitted disease (STD), and vaginal microbiota in patients with a normal Pap smear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For women who were referred for their routine cervical cancer screening, in addition to co-testing, some samples were taken from the vaginal and cervical environment to check the presence of the most common STD pathogens. The diagnosis of the organisms was done by means of PCR and microbial cultures. RESULTS: HR HPV was detected in 67 women, and STD was positive in 80% of them, while in HR HPV negative women, this was 67%. The HPV positive group reported a significantly higher rate of STD history (92% vs. 82%) and frequency of intercourse weekly (86% vs. 3.96%) (p<0.05). Lactobacilli, streptococcus, and staphylococcus concentrations were significantly lower in the HPV positive group compared to the HPV negative group (p<0.007; OR = 4.17). and were significantly (p<0.001) more prevalent in the HPV positive group compared to the HPV negative group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the existence of other STDs and the composition of the vaginal and cervical microbiome play an important role in either the clearance or the progression of high-risk HPV.
Incidence of drug resistance and expression of and genes among strains isolated from hospitalized patients at a government hospital in Irbid, Jordan.
Maytah A, AlKofahi O, Al-Groom R … +6 more , Ahmad Khan MS, Dababneh BF, Da'meh A, Alsarayereh R, Alhawarat F, Al Shqairat HA
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234652 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen principally related with hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to isolate and identify strains, investigate their resistance to various antibio...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen principally related with hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to isolate and identify strains, investigate their resistance to various antibiotics, and characterize at the molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 samples were obtained from various hospital departments, including the intensive care unit (ICU), emergency room, kidney dialysis and surgery units. The incidence of drug resistance was studied using the Vitek 2 Compact system and further using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction to analyze the genes responsible for resistance. RESULTS: The study exhibited a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, especially in ICU patients. The males were the predominant group, accounting for 60% whereas females were 40%. The most frequent samples were from urine (43%) and skin (24%). Majority of samples were from the ICU (42%) and emergency departments (20%). The tested isolates exhibited the highest resistance (66%) to oxacillin, whereas the maximum sensitivity (52%) was recorded for Erythromycin. Molecular analysis revealed the occurrence of resistance genes , , , and , which contribute to carbapenem resistance. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize that remains a formidable nosocomial pathogen, and there is pressing requirement for enhanced infection control procedures and antibiotic stewardship. Through improved molecular observation, judicious use of antibiotics and improved infection control practices, healthcare providers can alleviate the impact of MDR infections and improve the prognosis for affected patients in Jordan and beyond.
Serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of group B streptococci isolated from pregnant women at Urmia University Hospital, Iran.
Lotfollahi L, Shahabi Z, Mousarezai Z … +3 more , Kimyai S, Hemmati A, Shojadel E
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234651 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Group B (GBS) is a common bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract and genitalia of both humans and animals. GBS infections can lead to a range of conditions, including meningitis, pneumo...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Group B (GBS) is a common bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract and genitalia of both humans and animals. GBS infections can lead to a range of conditions, including meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. The present study aimed to analyze the colonization rate, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotypes of GBS in pregnant women in Urmia, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following GBS isolation from pregnant women and confirming its presence through PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted to assess resistance patterns, followed by amplification of resistance genes (A, B, TR, B) and molecular serotyping to determine the genetic characteristics of the strains. RESULTS: Out of 400 samples, 31 (7.75%) were positive for GBS, with 22 (70.97%) showing multidrug resistance. Clindamycin had the highest resistance rate (80.65%), while penicillin showed the lowest (3.23%). Serotypes II and V were the most common (38.71% each), followed by Ia (19.35%) and III (3.23%). The B gene was detected in 4 strains, while A, TR, and B were not found. CONCLUSION: Optimal management of GBS infections in pregnant women necessitates ongoing surveillance and antibiotic stewardship, considering penicillin resistance and observed resistance patterns.
modulates EMT-related gene expression and viability in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Mahmoodabadi FZ, Tabatabaee Bafroee AS, Moshiri A … +2 more , Siadat SD, Ebrahimzadeh N
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234650 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Breast tissue microbiota differs between healthy and cancerous tissues, with some bacteria influencing tumor progression. , a common skin commensal found in breast tumors, may play a role in ep...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Breast tissue microbiota differs between healthy and cancerous tissues, with some bacteria influencing tumor progression. , a common skin commensal found in breast tumors, may play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key step in metastasis. This study evaluated the effects of culture and cell-free supernatant (CFS) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell survival and expression of EMT-related genes , fibronectin 1 (), and N-cadherin (). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different concentrations of cultures and their CFS were applied to MDA-MB-231 cells. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by MTT assay at 2, 4, and 24 hours post-treatment. Real-time PCR analyzed gene expression after 24 hours of exposure to non-toxic concentrations (MOI 50 and 100 for cultures; 14% for CFS). RESULTS: Low concentrations did not affect viability, while higher doses (MOI 100 and 14% CFS) reduced viability by up to 60% and 90%, respectively, at 24 hours. MOI 50 did not significantly alter gene expression. At MOI 100, and were significantly upregulated, but was unchanged. Treatment with 5% and 7% CFS significantly increased all three EMT gene expressions, indicating EMT induction. CONCLUSION: affects EMT gene expression and cell viability, indicating potential involvement in breast cancer progression.
Phylogenetic analysis of genes of carbapenem resistant uropathogens isolated from federal tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: insights into the evolution and dissemination of drug resistance.
Shafiq M, Akhtar Khan A, Zeeshan Hyder M … +7 more , Farwa U, Kursheed F, Khan S, Siddiqa A, Ahmed I, Saeed M, Fiaz M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234649 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Global health is seriously threatened by the rise of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). The gene, a key carbapenemase coding gene, causes global health concern due to its multidrug...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Global health is seriously threatened by the rise of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). The gene, a key carbapenemase coding gene, causes global health concern due to its multidrug resistance and easy spread through mobile genetic elements. This study aimed to identify and genetically characterize the genes from uropathogens, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its correlation with global sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples were processed following microbiological guidelines. Isolates were identified using API-20E. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method, and bacterial DNAs were extracted for gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: CREs were detected in 11.92% (n=51) of the 428 Enterobacterales. Among CRE isolates, 45% (n=23) were positive for gene harbored by (57%), followed by (26%). Uropathogenic CRE, harboring , revealed susceptibility of 34.78%, 60.87%, and 65.22% to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin respectively. The variant was most common (69.57%), followed by (26.09%) and (4.35%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that variants exhibit diverse relationships with Pakistani and worldwide sequences. CONCLUSION: The significant presence of in uropathogens, along with extensive antibiotic resistance, underscores the urgent need for continuous monitoring and antibiotic stewardship programs to manage the growing threat of CRE infections.
Evaluation of the relationship between quorum sensing system genes and antibiotic resistance in isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.
Ehsani A, Soleimani N, Modaresi Estehbanati M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234648 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes respiratory infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Its level of virulence is primarily controlled through Quorum Sensing (QS), a communication...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes respiratory infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Its level of virulence is primarily controlled through Quorum Sensing (QS), a communication mechanism that utilizes small signaling molecules. This study investigates antibiotic resistance in CF patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital and examines the presence of QS genes in resistant strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five samples were identified in CF patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Antibiotic resistance was assessed using the disk diffusion method, and QS genes () were evaluated by applying PCR. RESULTS: Approximately 61.5 % of strains were multiple-drug-resistant (MDR), with 30.7% classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The highest resistance was observed against amoxicillin, amikacin, and cefepime. The most common QS gene in MDR and XDR strains was . Additionally, 78.9% of XDR isolates carried and genes. CONCLUSION: The study specified that more than half of the strains exhibited resistance to five antibiotic classes, and effective antibiotics against were colistin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and cefotaxime. A noteworthy correlation was identified between MDR and XDR strains and the existence of QS genes in the strains.
Application of in feed to improve health, wellness and productivity.
Zoghi A, Khosravi-Darani K
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 41234647 · Full text
One of the main pillars of human health depends on healthy nutrition. Chicken makes up a significant part of human nutrition particularly in societies experiencing economic inflation and severe disruptions to people's li...
One of the main pillars of human health depends on healthy nutrition. Chicken makes up a significant part of human nutrition particularly in societies experiencing economic inflation and severe disruptions to people's livelihoods. So livestock and poultry pose a crucial impact on food safety and immunity. Probiotics have acquired worldwide acceptance as a healthy ingredient for usage as a potential feed supplement to reduce foodborne diseases and confirm food hygiene from farm to fork. Feed additives containing live yeast, e.g. , and yeast derivative products can increase feed intake and intestinal health, and improve productivity. This probiotic, non-pathogenic yeast possesses several health-beneficial properties for poultry and livestock. However, it was previously believed that yeast did not have an effective probiotic effect in chicken and poultry. In this review, the advantages of using has been introduced as a probiotic for poultry and livestock. This comprehensive analysis explores the multifaceted applications of probiotics in animal feed from health and AMR perspectives, examining their mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential to transform sustainable animal production practices.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe