Iranian Journal Of Microbiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Exploring the genetic diversity and the association of drug resistance and biofilm production in strains isolated from burn wound infections.
Khashei S, Fazeli H, Rahimi F … +1 more , Karbasizade V
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785719 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is considered a troublesome cause of infection in burn units, where its capability to form biofilm and resist antibiotics significantly hampers therapeutic success. This study explored the cor...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is considered a troublesome cause of infection in burn units, where its capability to form biofilm and resist antibiotics significantly hampers therapeutic success. This study explored the correlations between antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm-producing capacity, and genetic diversity of strains from patients with burn wound infection in Isfahan, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion technique and for biofilm formation through the microtiter dish assay. The prevalence of ten biofilm-related genes was investigated using specific primers. Clonal relatedness among bacterial strains was defined by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR). RESULTS: A vast majority of isolates (99%) exhibited resistance to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem, qualifying them as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Twenty-five percent of the strains were strong biofilm formers, while 68% demonstrated moderate or weak biofilm formation. The most commonly identified biofilm-related genes included (100%), (100%), and (99%). A significant association was found between the production of biofilm, resistance to aminoglycosides, and the presence of and genes. ERIC-PCR typing showed the presence of 3 clonal types and 7 single types, with biofilm producers predominantly clustering to clonal type 2. CONCLUSION: This work highlights a notable prevalence of biofilm-producing XDR in burn patients, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and enhanced infection control strategies.
Biofilm formation and eradication of : a study of culture conditions and endolysin ZAM-CS effect.
Ahmadbeigi Y, Soleimani N, Azizmohseni F … +1 more , Amini-Bayat Z
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785718 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections, with biofilm formation causing chronic, antibiotic-resistant cases. Because biofilms show high resistance to conventional antibio...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections, with biofilm formation causing chronic, antibiotic-resistant cases. Because biofilms show high resistance to conventional antibiotics, endolysins have emerged as a promising alternative for treating antibiotic-resistant, biofilm-associated infections. This study evaluated the effects of four culture media and different incubation times on biofilm formation in methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains and assessed the anti-biofilm efficacy of a novel chimeric endolysin called ZAM-CS (catalytic domain of SAL-1 endolysin and binding domain of lysostaphin). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biofilms were grown for 24, 48, and 72 hours in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), Luria broth (LB), terrific broth (TB), and tryptic soy broth (TSB). The crystal violet assay was used to assess the biomass of the biofilm. The optimal biofilm conditions were then used to test ZAM-CS's activity at different concentrations. RESULTS: MSSA formed the strongest biofilms in TB. MRSA formed stable, high-biomass biofilms in TSB, TB, and LB, while MHB was the least supportive medium for both strains. ZAM-CS significantly reduced biofilm biomass in both MSSA and MRSA (up to 77%). CONCLUSION: ZAM-CS's rapid and potent anti-biofilm activity at low concentrations highlights its potential as a promising treatment against antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections.
The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant gene-positive coagulase-negative Staphylococci.
Hamid SF, Taha AB, Hussien SQ
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785717 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), previously classified as normal bacterial flora, have recently been associated with serious infectious diseases. The clinical isolation rate of these ba...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), previously classified as normal bacterial flora, have recently been associated with serious infectious diseases. The clinical isolation rate of these bacteria has increased in parallel with a rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and species diversity of CoNS and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred samples were collected from patients attending outpatient clinics. Bacterial genus, species, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were confirmed by the Vitek2 system. The gene was then detected in all isolated bacteria using a polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The most frequently isolated bacterium was accounting for 37.83% of the isolates and was identified in different specimens. The antibiotic susceptibility profile illustrated the highest resistance against cefoxitin, followed by erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and tobramycin. The gene was detected in 95.49%, and all isolates demonstrated resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics. The highest degree of multiple resistance involved six classes of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci is alarmingly high. Periodic surveillance of multidrug-resistant CoNS is essential to monitor changes in their antimicrobial susceptibility and to prevent their transition from opportunistic pathogens to regular pathogens.
Immunogenicity assessment of Hepatitis A-VP1 and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fusion protein: a novel bivalent vaccine candidate.
Hannan M, Jabalameli L, Aghasadeghi MR … +2 more , Harzandi N, Sadat SM
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785716 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subunit vaccines have the privilege of utilizing immunogenic parts of the variable viruses. The current preventive vaccines against Hepatitis A are based on live-attenuated virus or wild-type g...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subunit vaccines have the privilege of utilizing immunogenic parts of the variable viruses. The current preventive vaccines against Hepatitis A are based on live-attenuated virus or wild-type growth in cell culture, which is a time-consuming and costly procedure. Thus, the investigation of immunogenic Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) regions seems to be a rational priority. We aimed to evaluate a novel chimeric protein composed of truncated HAV-VP1 and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a bivalent vaccine candidate in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HAV-VP1 (amino acids 99 to 259) and HBsAg fusion protein were applied as a bivalent vaccine in combination with adjuvants. The purified protein was administered through different regimens via subcutaneous injection. Two weeks following the final immunization, serum samples were gathered to assess the humoral responses. Moreover, splenocytes were investigated and assessed for IL-5 and IFN-γ secretion. RESULTS: The immunized mice with recombinant truncated HAV-VP1-AAY-HBsAg showed a significant immune response, especially in combination with the M720 adjuvant. Humoral immune response results indicated Th1 switching by IgG2a and IgG2b dominancy. Moreover, IFN-γ secretion reached the highest rate in the truncated HAV-VP1-AAY-HBsAg+M720 recipients (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The HAV-VP1-AAY-HBsAg protein subunit vaccine could help the immune system fight HAV and HBV by stimulating both the humoral and cellular immune systems. The formula proposed in this study has the potential to produce an endemic vaccine based on the circulating HAV viruses in Iran.
Antimicrobial and prebiotic properties of exopolysaccharide and its effects on matrix metalloproteinase genes expression.
Firoozi M, Shirzad M, Motevaseli E … +3 more , Dalirfardouei R, Modarresi MH, Najafi R
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785715 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacterial polysaccharides have diverse applications, including antimicrobial compounds, bio-preservatives, prebiotics, and wound-healing hydrogels. is notable for its high polysaccharide yield...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacterial polysaccharides have diverse applications, including antimicrobial compounds, bio-preservatives, prebiotics, and wound-healing hydrogels. is notable for its high polysaccharide yield among lactic acid bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bacteria were identified via 16s rRNA and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was performed in a 10% skim milk and 10% sucrose medium. FT-IR, SEM, and HPTLC analyzed functional groups, spatial structure, and EPS units. Moreover, MTT assay, DPPH, and Kirby-Bayer disk method assessed cell proliferation, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial effects of EPS. Additionally, Prebiotic potential and growth kinetics of exopolysaccharide were examined using the Thitiratsakul method. Furthermore, EPS effects on MMP and TIMP gene expression in fibroblast cells were evaluated. RESULTS: The purified polysaccharide from (Accession: KY290603), with a yield of 53 g/L, consists of glucose, fructose, and diglucuronic acid. This non-toxic polysaccharide (99-100% cell survival) exhibits 75% free radical scavenging activity along with significant antimicrobial effects against and It also shows a high prebiotic score (0.912), accelerating wound healing in fibroblast cells while reducing collagen-degrading gene expression, particularly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Notably, exopolysaccharides downregulated MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9 gene expression levels by approximately 1.3, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.16 times, respectively. CONCLUSION: These features highlight the commercial significance of in the food, pharmaceutical, and health industries, surpassing lactobacilli with lower production yields.
Transplant failure in relation to BK viremia status among kidney transplant recipients in Jordan.
Athamneh RY, Saeed RB, Abulannaz O … +2 more , Abudalo R, Oqal M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785714 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) poses a significant threat to kidney transplant (KT) recipients due to immunosuppression, leading to BK-associated nephropathy (BKVN) and reduced transplant survival. Th...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) poses a significant threat to kidney transplant (KT) recipients due to immunosuppression, leading to BK-associated nephropathy (BKVN) and reduced transplant survival. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BKPyV among kidney transplant recipients in Jordan and to evaluate the association between BKPyV activity and kidney transplant outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services Hospital (JRMS) from 2021 to 2024. Blood samples (n=157) from kidney transplant recipients were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect BKPyV DNA. RESULTS: The prevalence of BKPyV infection among kidney transplant recipients was 40.8% (n=64). Transplant failure occurred in 36% of cases (n=57), with BKPyV-DNA viremia observed in 74% of those with transplant failure (n=42). The prevalence of infection was significantly higher in patients under 18 years of age (81%, p<0.001) and in males (72%, p<0.001). BKPyV infection increased the odds of transplant failure tenfold. CONCLUSION: In Jordan, the prevalence of BKPyV among kidney transplant recipients is high, particularly in males and younger patients. BKPyV significantly increases the risk of kidney transplant failure. Other studies are needed to further elucidate the impact of BKPyV on kidney transplant rejection and complications.
Detection of carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales by mCIM and eCIM: a tertiary care hospital study.
Shafi T, Mir AA, Roohi S … +4 more , Fomda B, Wani SR, Ahmed T, Yousuf S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785713 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a major healthcare challenge due to high resistance rates and limited treatment options. This study characterized carbapenemase production among...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a major healthcare challenge due to high resistance rates and limited treatment options. This study characterized carbapenemase production among CRE isolates using phenotypic methods-Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) and EDTA-Carbapenem Inactivation Method (eCIM)-as genotypic methods have limitations like restricted gene targets and mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This six-month study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS). Samples including swabs, respiratory specimens, pus, body fluids, and blood were cultured on Blood Agar and MacConkey Agar (HiMedia, India). Enterobacterales were identified using conventional methods and screened for carbapenem resistance. CRE isolates underwent mCIM and eCIM testing per CLSI guidelines. RESULTS: Among 471 Enterobacterales isolates tested, 160 (33.9%) were carbapenem-resistant. Of these, 97 (60.6%) were mCIM positive, indicating carbapenemase production. eCIM further identified 83 (85.5%) as metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers and 14 (14.4%) as serine carbapenemase producers. CRE prevalence was higher in ICU settings and among males. Isolates showed high cephalosporin resistance, with multi-drug resistance (MDR) common in both MBL and serine carbapenemase producers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CRE was found to be 33.9%. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous surveillance and stringent infection control measures to manage the spread of CRE in healthcare settings.
The efficacy of luliconazole and caspofungin on planktonic and biofilm of from different sources.
Shabanzadeh M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785712 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ability of to produce biofilm is considered an important pathogenic factor. In addition, the low sensitivity of biofilms to antifungal drugs is a challenge for patients, clinicians, and la...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ability of to produce biofilm is considered an important pathogenic factor. In addition, the low sensitivity of biofilms to antifungal drugs is a challenge for patients, clinicians, and laboratory workers. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of luliconazole and caspofungin on the planktonic and biofilm types of strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty from vaginitis, candiduria, gastrointestinal candidiasis, and saliva were examined for antifungal susceptibility against caspofungin and luliconazole using the CLSI M27 guideline. Moreover, the susceptibility of biofilms was detected using 96 well microplates and the MTT method. RESULTS: The capacity of the isolates to produce biofilm within 2, 6, and 24 h was different, however, all tested isolates produced biofilm after 24 h. Vaginal and esophagitis isolates had a high and low ability for biofilm production during 24-hour incubation. In our study, 90% of isolates were sensitive to caspofungin, while 7.5 and 2.5% of them were intermediate and resistant. The MIC range of all isolates against luliconazole was 0.01562-1 μg/mL. CONCLUSION: The MICs of biofilms were 15.6, and 171.3 higher than that of planktonic cells for caspofungin and luliconazole, respectively. Moreover, paradoxical and trailing effects occurred at 4 and 32 μg/mL of caspofungin and luliconazole, respectively.
Eradication of : challenges and advances.
Sbibih Y, Saddari A, Alla I … +5 more , Ezrari S, Benaissa E, Ben Lahlou Y, Elouennass M, Maleb A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785711 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , identified in 1982, remains a major cause of gastric infections. Despite extensive research, an ideal treatment regimen for its eradication is yet to be determined, with antibiotic resistance...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: , identified in 1982, remains a major cause of gastric infections. Despite extensive research, an ideal treatment regimen for its eradication is yet to be determined, with antibiotic resistance posing a significant challenge. This study, conducted at Mohammed VI University Hospital, aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different therapeutic protocols for eradication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 13-month retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco, to evaluate patients suspected of infection using the urea breath test. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were included, with an overall eradication rate of 73%. Three therapeutic protocols were tested, and bismuth concomitant therapy showed the highest eradication rate at 82%, outperforming the other regimens. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of combining antimicrobial agents with antisecretory treatments to enhance eradication outcomes. The study also emphasizes the need for novel treatment strategies, particularly in light of rising antibiotic resistance. Vonoprazan-based regimens appear to offer a promising alternative, especially in the absence of antibiotic sensitivity testing. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols while preserving beneficial gut flora.
In vitro inhibition of by probiotic yogurt fortified with and protein hydrolysate: a functional yogurt for teeth decay prevention.
Jafarirad S, Nateghi L, Moslemi M … +3 more , Pahlevan Afshari K, Ahmadi Hassan Abad A, Khosravi-Darani K
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612736 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Probiotic yogurts enriched with , protein hydrolysates derived from macroalgae (SAPH), and encapsulated SAPH were formulated to inhibit , the primary bacterium responsible for dental caries. M...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Probiotic yogurts enriched with , protein hydrolysates derived from macroalgae (SAPH), and encapsulated SAPH were formulated to inhibit , the primary bacterium responsible for dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The yogurt samples were evaluated for physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics. RESULTS: On day 21, the yogurt supplemented with demonstrated the greatest titratable acidity (97.35°D), the lowest pH value (4.24), reduced syneresis, and enhanced antioxidant, antihypertensive, and rheological properties. In terms of antibacterial activity, the lowest count was detected in formulations containing free SAPH, either alone or in combination with . Conversely, yogurts formulated with encapsulated SAPH exhibited higher survival rates of both and compared to those containing the free form of SAPH. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that although the probiotic yogurt containing free SAPH was more effective in reducing levels within the yogurt matrix, the encapsulated form achieved an acceptable level of antibacterial activity while contributing to improved sensory acceptance.
Prevalence of infection among dyspeptic patients attending Baghdad medical city complex.
Ibrahim BM, Salman HS, Mohammed MM … +1 more , Mjeed HM
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612735 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dyspepsia is a disorder characterized by difficulty in digestion and represents a major health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to identify functional dyspepsia linked to This research aimed...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dyspepsia is a disorder characterized by difficulty in digestion and represents a major health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to identify functional dyspepsia linked to This research aimed to determine the prevalence of among patients with dyspepsia and to examine the potential risk factors associated with the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 14 to September 21, 2024, a total of 105 patients with dyspepsia, who attended the Central Laboratory of Baghdad Medical City Complex (Iraq), were enrolled in this study. Data on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), smoking, family history, fasting habits and frequent fast food consumption were collected through participant interviews. RESULTS: Based on the urea breath test results, dyspeptic patients were categorized into infected (63.8%) and non-infected (36.2%) groups. Factors that influenced these patients included the intake of NSAIDs (48.6%), smoking (21.9%), family history (29.5%), fasting habits (36.2%) and regular consumption of fast food (57.1%). CONCLUSION: Dyspeptic patients exhibit a high prevalence of infection, indicating the significant impact of on this population. However, the intake of NSAIDs, smoking, family history, fasting habits and regular fast food consumption have no significant effects on the presence of
Exploring the antimicrobial potential of against urinary tract infection isolates in Amman, Jordan.
Husein N, Laban NA, Owais DT
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612734 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The public health concern about urinary tract infections (UTIs) exists due to mounting antibiotic resistance rates. The antimicrobial properties of create strong opportunities as an alternativ...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The public health concern about urinary tract infections (UTIs) exists due to mounting antibiotic resistance rates. The antimicrobial properties of create strong opportunities as an alternative therapeutic option. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties along with anti-biofilm behavior of rosemary extract against typical uropathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study collected samples from 500 UTI isolates for its cross-sectional research. The antibacterial activity of rosemary extract underwent testing for its effects on and through combination tests with disk diffusion, MIC and MBC assays. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and regression analysis. RESULTS: The rosemary extract exhibited varying antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm in to 16 mm in . MIC values were 4 mg/mL for and 32 mg/mL for , while MBC values ranged from 8 to 64 mg/mL. A 100 µg/mL concentration reduced biofilm formation by 70%. In checkerboard assays, rosemary extract enhanced antibiotic activity against and showed additive effects with and CONCLUSION: extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, suggesting potential as an adjunct UTI treatment, comparable to co-trimoxazole. Further research is recommended.
The inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract and the essence of on expression of the genes related to biofilm formation.
Ansari M, Kazemi M, Mohammadi Sichani M … +1 more , Karbasizade V
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612733 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a pathogenic bacterium whose virulence is attributed to its extracellular compounds and biofilm-forming ability. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the methanolic extrac...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is a pathogenic bacterium whose virulence is attributed to its extracellular compounds and biofilm-forming ability. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the methanolic extract (AGME) and the essential oil (AGEO) of on the growth and the biofilm formation of MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of AGME and AGEO against ATCC 6538 were assessed using the microbroth dilution method and the Crystal Violet Staining Assay, respectively. The expression levels of and , genes involved in biofilm formation, were analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS: AGME and AGEO inhibited growth at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 1 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml, respectively. AGME exhibited a 72% inhibition of biofilm formation at ¼ MIC, whereas AGEO showed no significant antibiofilm activity. AGME downregulated the expression of , a key regulator of biofilm formation, as well as , and genes. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that essential oil (AGEO) exhibits significant antimicrobial activity, while its methanolic extract (AGME) effectively inhibits biofilm formation in . These findings suggest the potential application of AGEO and AGME as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. Further investigations on their efficacy against other bacterial pathogens are recommended.
Evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of antimicrobials against Enterobacterales with multiple carbapenemase enzymes.
Rajan R, Sasikala G
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612732 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-dose of carbapenems and combination therapies with new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and polymyxin B/tigecycline have been considered for treatment of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteral...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-dose of carbapenems and combination therapies with new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and polymyxin B/tigecycline have been considered for treatment of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales infection. The research was conducted to evaluate the in vitro potency of aminoglycosides, ceftazidime/avibactam/aztreonam and tigecycline against isolates of with multiple carbapenemase enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 genotypically confirmed carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (twenty-nine NDM producers, nine NDM and OXA-48 producers, three NDM and VIM producers and one NDM combined with VIM and OXA 48 producer) were included. Minimum inhibitory concentration for carbapenems, aminoglycosides and tigecycline was determined by Vitek 2. Ceftazidime/avibactam/aztreonam synergy was observed by disk diffusion methodology. RESULTS: The in vitro efficacy of aminoglycosides was observed against isolates with NDM and VIM genes. Low tigecycline susceptibility was observed among isolates with NDM and OXA-48 genes. Ceftazidime -avibactam/aztreonam combination displayed good in vitro activity against dual carbapenemase producers of isolates (NDM with OXA-48 and NDM with VIM genes) and (combination of NDM, VIM and OXA-48 genes). CONCLUSION: Ceftazidime/avibactam/aztreonam, aminoglycosides and tigecycline displayed in vitro activity against dual carbapenemase producers of and
Optimized isolation and purification of native glycoprotein B from herpes simplex virus 1: a streamlined approach.
Yasaghi M, Yamchi A, Tabarraei A … +3 more , Salari S, Moradi A, Hosseini SD
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612731 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Viral membrane glycoproteins are essential for host cell recognition, membrane fusion and immune evasion, making them critical targets for antiviral therapies and vaccine development. However,...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Viral membrane glycoproteins are essential for host cell recognition, membrane fusion and immune evasion, making them critical targets for antiviral therapies and vaccine development. However, their isolation in native conformation is challenging due to structural complexity and limitations of conventional purification methods. The aim of current study was to develop a cost-effective, reproducible method for the isolation and purification of glycoprotein B (gB) from Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) while maintaining its native conformation for functional and interaction studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HSV-1 particles were concentrated via ultracentrifugation and membrane proteins were extracted using a modified protocol of the Mem-PER™ Plus Membrane Protein Extraction Kit. Native PAGE with a 4-8% gradient gel was employed to isolate multimeric gB (~300 kDa), followed by electroelution to extract the protein from the gel. The purity and integrity of gB were validated using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The method successfully isolated glycoprotein B in its native multimeric form with high purity and adequate concentration (0.157 mg/mL). The pH of the native gel (8.3) and the high molecular weight of gB facilitated separation from other viral surface proteins. SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed the specificity and structural integrity of the purified protein. CONCLUSION: This study introduces a cost-effective and reliable method for isolating viral glycoproteins in their native conformation. The approach offers significant advantages over traditional chromatography-based techniques, making it ideal for research-scale applications, including functional and interaction studies.
Diagnostic potential of new linear epitopes derived from the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Glycoprotein S.
Bahman S, Farajnia S, Alizadeh E … +3 more , Seirafi F, Nozad Charoudeh H, Hosseini MK
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612730 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new linear epitope from the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the diagnosis of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new linear epitope from the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the diagnosis of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples from patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 by means of RT-PCR. The linear epitope sequence of the NTD was amplified by RT-PCR, inserted into an expression vector, and produced in (DE3) pLysS. Subsequently, the recombinant proteins were purified and refolded. The interaction between the purified protein and the antibodies in COVID-19 patient sera was evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: Sequencing verified that the N-terminal linear epitope was successfully cloned into the PET-22b vector with a 6His-tag at the C-terminal end. The presence of a 25 kDa band on SDS-PAGE indicated the successful purification of the recombinant protein using Ni-NTA chromatography. The results of ELISA showed that the NTD linear epitope had strong sensitivity (88%) and specificity (96%) for identifying viral infection in COVID-19 patients' blood samples. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated that the NTD linear epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibit significant sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection using serological techniques. However, further evaluations involving larger sample sizes across diverse ethnic populations is essential.
Influence of -derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on Snail/β-Catenin cascade and metastasis-related proteins in 4T1 breast cancer cells.
Vaziri SS, Tajbakhsh E, Khamesipour F … +1 more , Momtaz H
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612729 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the impact of -derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on the regulation of Snail/β-Catenin cascade and the production of metastasis-related proteins, such as E-cadherin...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the impact of -derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on the regulation of Snail/β-Catenin cascade and the production of metastasis-related proteins, such as E-cadherin and Vimentin, in the 4T1 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OMVs were purified from (ATCC 700392) cultures and applied to 4T1 cells at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL, with untreated cells serving as controls. The MTT assay was employed to quantify cell viability. Expression profiles of +, and genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR, while protein expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods with SPSS and GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS: The MTT assay showed that 1 μg/mL OMVs were safe for normal cells. At this concentration, the expression of , and genes significantly increased in the treatment group (P≤0.05). Additionally, Vimentin protein decreased, and E-cadherin protein increased (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION: -derived OMVs activate the Snail/β-Catenin cascade, influencing inflammatory responses and metastasis-related proteins, ultimately reducing migration in advanced cancer stages by modulating Vimentin and E-cadherin expression.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products on lipid pattern of rats fed with a high fat diet.
Fouladi S, Moazamian E
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612728 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A unique characteristic of probiotics is obesity and fatty liver control. In this study, the effect of lactic-acid-bacteria (LABs) isolated from dairy products was investigated on weight change...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A unique characteristic of probiotics is obesity and fatty liver control. In this study, the effect of lactic-acid-bacteria (LABs) isolated from dairy products was investigated on weight changes, blood biochemical indexes and liver tissue in mice fed a high-fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 49 rats were assigned to 7 groups. The LAB-treated groups received the high-cholesterol diet supplemented with , and isolated from yogurt. At the end of 4 weeks, body weight changes, lipid factors and liver enzymes as well as liver lipid deposition and adipocyte size were measured. RESULTS: Serum low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid deposition were significantly decreased in rats treated with LABs. The maximum and minimum weights were observed in the first and fourth weeks after treating with and isolates, respectively. Liver enzymes were significantly decreased by LABs, especially in the group receiving concomitant administration of and . Fatty liver process was reduced in the fat-fed group treated with CONCLUSION: LABs caused decreases in body weight gain, liver function, and adipocyte size. Therefore, coadministration of and in dairy products can significantly decrease lipid profile.
Genotypic diversity of strains collected from immigrant patients in Mashhad, Iran using MIRU-VNTR method.
Jangi M, Ghazvini K, Soleimanpour S … +2 more , Ghavidel M, Hashemitabar G
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612727 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of () strains, as well as to assess their drug susceptibility, specifically in strains isolated from immigra...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of () strains, as well as to assess their drug susceptibility, specifically in strains isolated from immigrant patients attending the Referral Tuberculosis Laboratory in Mashhad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 sputum samples isolated from patients were examined utilizing the Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Drug-susceptibility testing against rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) was measured utilizing the proportional strategy. Thereafter, for more examination, Xpert MTB/RIF and multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) was performed to determine RIF and INH-resistance within the strains. RESULTS: Among 52 isolates, 2 (3.8%) were resistant to rifampin and one isolate was resistant to both INH and RIF and considered as multidrug-resistance (MDR) isolate. According to MIRU-VNTR, the most prominent genetic-variation patterns of these samples, were related to NEW-1 (n=18, 34.6%), followed by CAS/Delhi (n=17, 32.7%), Haarlem (n=12, 23%), Uganda I (n=2, 3.8%), S (n=1, 1.9%), Beijing (n=1, 1.9%), and unknown (n=1, 1.9%) genotypes. The statistical analysis showed that the estimated percentage of the recent TB-transmission in this study was 0.21%. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated a great diversity of MTBC circulating among Afghan-immigrants which might be one of the reasons for the infection to become active. The relatively high percentage of resistant isolates in the studied population shows the importance of screening the immigrants especially at the entry borders and treatment and follow up of patients, to control TB-incidence in country.
In vitro effects of purified lacticin from whey isolated culture on and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Hosseinzadeh M, Doudi M, Ahadi AM
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612726 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacteriocins are interested as antibacterial and anticancer agents due to their high specificity and low side effects. This study aimed to isolate bacteria which produce bacteriocins of the lac...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacteriocins are interested as antibacterial and anticancer agents due to their high specificity and low side effects. This study aimed to isolate bacteria which produce bacteriocins of the lacticin family from whey and to investigate their antibacterial and anticancer effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from different whey samples. The presence of the lacticin gene in the isolates was checked using PCR and then the inhibitory effects of their bacteriocin was investigated on utilizing well plate method. The protein content was separated by dialysis. The presence of lacticin was checked with the help of SDS-PAGE. The lacticin producing bacterium was identified through the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the obtained protein was studied on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells using MTT and scratching tests. RESULTS: The isolated lacticin-producing was able to grow in acidic conditions (pH = 2.5 for 3 h) and in bile salts (0.3% for 24 h). The bacterium produced 4.2 μg/μl bacteriocin with a molecular weight of 3.1 KD. The lacticin showed antibacterial effect against The cancerous cells treated with lacticin had slower growth than the control in Scratch test. Based on the MTT results, more than 80% of cancerous cells were inhibited at a concentration of 7 μg/ml lacticin with IC = 5.2 μg/ml. CONCLUSION: The bacteriocin produced in this study is a promising antibacterial and anticancer agent.
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