Iranian Journal Of Microbiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Heavy hearts: the impact of influenza on young lives, a rare case report.
Qadri U, Wani S, Wani SJ … +4 more , Fomda BA, Majid U, Jan I, Mir S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612725 · Full text
Considerable information is available about the acute respiratory symptoms of influenza A and B. However, rarely, these viruses can adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Few cases of pericardial effusion and cardia...
Considerable information is available about the acute respiratory symptoms of influenza A and B. However, rarely, these viruses can adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Few cases of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade due to the Influenza virus have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a 23-year-old unvaccinated woman having concurrent influenza A and B infection manifesting as pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. The patient was treated with oseltamivir 75 mg, resulting in significant clinical improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of considering influenza as a possible cause of cardiac tamponade.
Phenotypic, genotypic characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiling of uropathogenic in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, India.
Shebeena S, Ragunathan L, Kannaiyan K … +6 more , Sanjeevi T, Subramanian P, Sasi AC, Rajni J, Raj J, Asarudeen M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612724 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uropathogenic ( (UPEC) accounts for 70-95% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and a significant proportion of nosocomial UTIs. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uropathogenic ( (UPEC) accounts for 70-95% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and a significant proportion of nosocomial UTIs. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates from symptomatic UTI patients and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based observational study was conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India, from August 2022 to April 2024. A total of 106 UPEC isolates were obtained from symptomatic UTI patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method, and virulence genes () were detected using PCR. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 49.7 years, with a female predominance (69.8%). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (29.2%). Fever (60.4%) and dysuria (38.7%) were the most common symptoms. AST showed high susceptibility (>90%) to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam, while >60% resistance was observed to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Phenotypically, 30.2% of the isolates produced mannose-resistant hemagglutinins, and 17.9% produced hemolysin. ESBL production was found in 46.3%. Biofilm production was moderate in 65.1%, weak in 30.2% and strong in 4.7% and significantly correlated with multidrug resistance (p<0.05). Genotypically, 80.2% had , 51.9% had and 20.8% had was associated with reduced cefotaxime susceptibility (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the significance of phenotypic and genotypic characterization in understanding UPEC virulence and resistance patterns, and emphasizes the need for targeted empiric therapy to improve UTI management.
Outpatient crystalluria: prevalence, crystal types, and associations with comorbidities and urinary tract infections at a provincial hospital.
Natoubi S, Jamal R, Baghdad N
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612723 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crystalluria refers to the occurrence of crystals in urine resulting from urinary supersaturation, which disrupts the balance between factors that promote and those that inhibit crystal formati...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crystalluria refers to the occurrence of crystals in urine resulting from urinary supersaturation, which disrupts the balance between factors that promote and those that inhibit crystal formation in urine. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of crystalluria, identify crystal types, determine associated comorbidities, and assess links with bacterial urinary tract infections in outpatients at Hassan II Hospital in Settat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2022 to May 2023 at Hassan II Hospital. Urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections, who underwent cytobacteriological urine examinations, were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 1,025 urine samples, 22.04% showed crystalluria. The mean age of patients was 51.3 with a standard deviation of 18.1 years. The most common crystal types were calcium oxalate (46.4%), uric acid (23.5%), urates (15.1%) and struvite (9.3%). Comorbidities including, diabetes, kidney failure, prostatitis, and nephrotic syndrome was associated with urinary crystal formation. The prevalence of urinary tract infections in patients with urinary crystals was 10.6%. Struvite crystals were specifically associated with bacterial infections, especially with and CONCLUSION: Monitoring urinary crystals is essential for preventing the formation of kidney calculi and crystal-associated infections, especially in high-risk individuals.
Bioactivities of postbiotics in food applications: a review.
Jahedi S, Pashangeh S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612722 · Full text
Postbiotics, which consist of beneficial compounds produced by probiotic bacteria, have emerged as promising natural preservatives in food applications. This article examines the health-promoting properties of postbiotic...
Postbiotics, which consist of beneficial compounds produced by probiotic bacteria, have emerged as promising natural preservatives in food applications. This article examines the health-promoting properties of postbiotics and their role in improving food preservation and formulating nutrient-enriched foods. An organized investigation of published works was carried out through key research databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Postbiotics," "Biopreservation," "Food Safety," "Functional Foods," "Antimicrobial Activity," "Anti-inflammatory," and "Bioactivities". The findings reveal that postbiotics exert antimicrobial effects through multiple mechanisms, including the production of organic acids, bacteriocins, fatty acids, antimicrobial peptides, hydrogen peroxide, and vitamins. These bioactive substances actively suppress the proliferation of harmful and spoilage-causing microbes, consequently prolonging the preservation period of food items. Furthermore, postbiotics have been integrated into functional foods to modulate the host immune response and mitigate inflammatory conditions. Emerging applications of postbiotics also include their use in active food packaging systems, biofilm eradication, and cosmetic formulations. Although research on postbiotics is advancing, further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanisms of postbiotics and optimize their applications in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. This review emphasizes the potential of postbiotics to enhance food safety, improve nutritional quality, and contribute to overall health promotion.
Evaluation of the prevention, treatment and synergistic activity between IgY antibodies and pantaprazole on AGS cell line and C57BL/6 Mice.
Kamal Shahsavar S, Esmaeili Z, Ariannejad H … +6 more , Nassiri M, Beheshti Namdar A, Jafarian AH, Sadeghi R, Dabbagh VR, Ghazvini K
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612721 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The growing resistance of to antibiotics poses significant challenges in managing gastric ulcers. The application of IgY antibodies against is a promising strategy. The current study evaluate...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The growing resistance of to antibiotics poses significant challenges in managing gastric ulcers. The application of IgY antibodies against is a promising strategy. The current study evaluated the preventive and synergistic effects of IgY antibodies in conjunction with pantoprazole for treating infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation specifically focused on the inhibitory effects of IgY in the AGS cell line infected with . In addition, the synergistic activity of IgY with pantoprazole and its preventive and therapeutic effects were assessed in male C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS: The findings indicated that IgY antibodies possess a substantial inhibitory effect on the adhesion of to the AGS cell line. Furthermore, IgY antibodies resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the population of and the severity of gastritis in infected C57BL/6 mice in both treatment and prevention groups. Notably, the optimal outcome was observed when IgY was administered alongside pantoprazole. CONCLUSION: The use of IgY has the potential to repair damaged cells and prevent infection by decreasing bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells. Given its synergistic effect with pantoprazole, IgY can be recommended as a suitable complementary treatment in conjunction with pantoprazole.
Immunological and molecular detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance genes of isolated from urinary tract.
Abed HS, Hosseini SM, Jassim ZM
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612720 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections. It is associated with high morbidity and healthcare costs, especially when appropriate antibiotic treatment is delayed. Antibi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections. It is associated with high morbidity and healthcare costs, especially when appropriate antibiotic treatment is delayed. Antibiotic selection for patients with infections is challenging due to the bacteria's inherent resistance to many commercially available antibiotics. This study investigated antibiotic-resistance genes in isolated bacteria, which play a key role in disease pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 samples out of the 140 samples collected from urinary tract infections (UTIs) cases between December 15, 2022, and April 15, 2023, were included in the study. Identification of bacterial isolates was based on colony morphology, microscopic examination, biochemical tests, and the Vitek-2 system. Antibiotic resistance genes; and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The obtained results were based on bacterial identifications of 81 clinical samples. Only 26 (32%) of these isolates were , 21 (26%) were , and 18 (22.2%) were other bacteria. These isolates were used to detect four genes including and Four types of primers were used for PCR detection. The results showed that 11/14 (78.57%) carried the gene, 10/14 (71.42%) carried the gene, 14/14 (100%) carried the gene, and 10/14 (71.42%) of the isolates carried the gene. The biofilm formation examining the gene, showed that 9 (64.28) isolates carried this gene. CONCLUSION: The inability of antibiotics to penetrate biofilms is an important factor contributing to the antibiotic tolerance of bacterial biofilms.
Design and comparison of PCR-ELISA reaction with other available hybridization methods to identify types 11, 16, and 18 of the human papillomavirus.
Mousavi-Rad SMA, Zare Karizi S, Sedighian H … +3 more , Mirhosseini SA, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Amani J
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612719 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant etiological agent in cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of PCR-ELISA for detecting HPV genotypes 11, 16, and 18 compared t...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant etiological agent in cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of PCR-ELISA for detecting HPV genotypes 11, 16, and 18 compared to the conventional hybridization methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR-ELISA was designed and optimized to detect target HPV genotypes using biotin-labeled probes. Sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were assessed through intra-assay and inter-assay variability tests. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was performed to compare PCR-ELISA with RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: PCR-ELISA demonstrated high sensitivity (HPV18: 94.92%, HPV16: 98.36%, HPV11: 93.75%) and specificity (100% for all genotypes), with Kappa values ranging from 0.84 to 0.92, indicating strong agreement with the reference standard. Reproducibility analysis showed intra-assay CVs below 5% for most samples and inter-assay CVs within acceptable limits. The cost-benefit analysis revealed significant reductions in reagent and equipment costs compared to RT-PCR, making PCR-ELISA a cost-effective alternative. CONCLUSION: PCR-ELISA offers a reliable, sensitive and cost-effective method for HPV detection, particularly in resource-limited settings. Its simplicity and compatibility with existing workflows makes it a promising tool for routine diagnostic applications.
Anti-candida activity of R-2002 and its possible application in candidiasis prevention.
Tigran A, Lusine H, Ruzanna H … +5 more , Inesa S, Nelli N, Edita G, Thomas H, Inga B
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40612718 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Probiotics are used for the treatment of yeast infections, they restore the balance in vaginal microbiome, adhere to epithelial cells, compete against pathogenic bacteria, acidify the environme...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Probiotics are used for the treatment of yeast infections, they restore the balance in vaginal microbiome, adhere to epithelial cells, compete against pathogenic bacteria, acidify the environment, produce bacteriocins and modulate the immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-yeast activity (AYA) of the strain R-2002 against different species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 20 strains of lactic acid bacteria examined, only R-2002 strain demonstrated beneficial properties against yeast. The effects of temperature and pH on AYA and its relation to cell wall were revealed by bi-layer agar assay. The connection of AYA to the cell wall was determined with the sonicated cells. RESULTS: R-2002 inhibited the growth of ATCC 10291, G 31 and G4 (both isolated from vaginal samples). R-2002 maintained its AYA between a wide range of pH and its anti-yeast component/s are extracellular. The tested strain demonstrated stability against the high concentrations of progesterone and metronidazole, making it a suitable candidate for the mitigation of vaginitis. CONCLUSION: The present study summarizes all the positive features of the strain R-2002 and its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of candidiasis.
Onychomycosis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study.
Fathi F, Shahi F, Khosravi A … +4 more , Saffarian Z, Safarian N, Yekaninejad MS, Shaka Z
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337706 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the persistence of residual fungal elements, onychomycosis tends to have a high recurrence rate. It is essential to determine the etiology and frequency of onychomycosis across various f...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the persistence of residual fungal elements, onychomycosis tends to have a high recurrence rate. It is essential to determine the etiology and frequency of onychomycosis across various factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of onychomycosis and identify its fungal agents in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on cancer patients attending the Oncology Clinic and Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Among the 165 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 75 individuals with nail alterations were referred to a dermatologist. Each patient's information, including demographics, disease-related data, and details about nail involvement, was recorded. When onychomycosis was suspected, nail samples were collected from the deepest part and examined using a light microscope after clarifying with 15% potassium hydroxide (KOH) to detect fungal elements. RESULTS: The prevalence of onychomycosis was 37.6% (n=62). Among the 75 patients with nail alterations and suspected onychomycosis, 17.3% (n=13) tested negative for pathogenic agents. The most common pathogen was present in 21% (13/62) of patients with positive onychomycosis. The prevailing nail alteration was onycholysis, affecting 45.3% (34/75) of patients. CONCLUSION: Onychomycosis exhibits associations with variables such as gender, age, cancer and chemotherapy.
Investigating the ability of and on the reduction of aflatoxin B, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in dough and toast Bread.
Haji Amiri A, Nateghi L, Zand N
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337705 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wheat and its derived products are high-risk commodities for aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using and the dough fermentation and baking p...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wheat and its derived products are high-risk commodities for aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using and the dough fermentation and baking periods on reducing aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) toxins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toast bread flour contaminated with AFB, OTA and ZEA (10,10 and 400 ng/g) were separately treated with and (at a concentration of 10 CFU/g). The reduction of mycotoxins was examined immediately after dough preparation, at the end of fermentation, and after baking. RESULTS: The type of microorganism, fermentation and baking significantly affected the reduction of mycotoxins (AFB, OTA, and ZEA). After baking, neither AFB nor OTA were detected in any of the toast bread samples, with a 100% reduction observed in all treatments. In contrast, the percentage reduction of ZEA after baking compared with immediately after dough preparation ranged from 98.90% to 100%, and the percentage reduction of ZEA at the end of fermentation compared with immediately after dough preparation ranged from 97.80% to 99.57%. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that and can be used as additives or processing agents to decrease mycotoxins in fermented wheat foods.
Activity of cefiderocol on extensively drug-resistant from burn wound infections in Mansoura, Egypt.
El-Mahdy R, Mostafa A, El-Tantawy N … +1 more , Shrief R
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337703 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased antibiotic resistance limits treatment options and is associated with a higher level of mortality and mordacity. The purpose of this research was to identify class 1 and 2 integrons,...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased antibiotic resistance limits treatment options and is associated with a higher level of mortality and mordacity. The purpose of this research was to identify class 1 and 2 integrons, carbapenemase, , and genes in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolated from infected burns and evaluate their in vitro cefiderocol activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using the disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 110 isolates collected from infected burns were evaluated. XDR were screened phenotypically for carbapenemase and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production. Both MIC Test Strip and disc diffusion were employed to test the cefiderocol susceptibility. PCR was used to assess carbapenemase, and genes and integrons class 1 and 2. RESULTS: From the 110 , 54 isolates (49%) were XDR. TEM gene was detected in 35 isolates. Among XDR isolates, carbapenemase genes were detected in 31.5%, with being predominant Thirty XDR isolates had class1 integrons. All isolates were sensitive to cefiderocol and its MIC/MIC was 0.5/1.5mg/L (range 0.064-1.5mg/L). CONCLUSION: Nearly half the isolates from burn infections were extensively drug-resistant. Cefiderocol's in vitro activity demonstrated that it is a promising therapy alternative for treating extensively drug-resistant in burn patients.
Evaluation of the antagonistic effect of toxins on azole antifungal resistance in species isolated from clinical samples in Iran.
Hosseini MS, Navidinia M, Seyedjavadi SS … +4 more , Goudarzi M, Rasouli H, Mahdavian AM, Zamani ER
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337700 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The azole antifungals are the most frequent class used to treat infections. It is essential to elucidate the potential of natural compounds as an alternative in eliminating Therefore, in the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The azole antifungals are the most frequent class used to treat infections. It is essential to elucidate the potential of natural compounds as an alternative in eliminating Therefore, in the present study, the antagonistic effect of toxins on azole antifungal resistance in species was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 28 species with azole antifungal resistance were obtained from patients at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. The effect of toxins, such as phenazine, pyocyanin, pyoverdine, and fluorescein, was examined on species. The antifungal activity of these toxins against spp. was determined using methods such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC ), radial diffusion assay (RDA), and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: The prevalence of strains in urinary catheters, surgical wounds, respiratory tracts, blood, and standard strains was 46.3%, 21.4%, 25%, 7.14%, and 3.57%, respectively. The MIC values were reported as 32 μg/ml for phenazine, and 128 μg/ml for pyoverdine, pyocyanin, and fluorescein. The results showed that phenazine exhibited higher inhibitory effects against isolated from clinical samples compared to the other toxins. After exposure to phenazines (20 μg/ml), 65-70% of yeast cells of spp. showed rhodamine 123 fluorescence, indicating high intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CONCLUSION: The antifungal effect of different toxins in spp. may be due to ROS-mediated apoptotic death. The results suggest that phenazine has high potential in controlling . This natural compounds are a potential alternative for eliminating this yeast.
Revealing COVID-19 breakthrough infection rates among vaccinated individuals at a tertiary care centre in South India.
Kandhasamy V, Priyadarshini R, Bhosale NK … +5 more , Ramachandran Pillai R, Ramalingam M, Balakrishna Pillai AK, Govindasamy E, Maducolil Easow J
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337699 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic was mitigated by the rapid development and deployment of vaccines. While vaccines reduce infection severity, breakthrough infections (BTIs) still occur. The CDC defines BT...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic was mitigated by the rapid development and deployment of vaccines. While vaccines reduce infection severity, breakthrough infections (BTIs) still occur. The CDC defines BTI as a positive SARS-CoV-2 test ≥14 days post-vaccination. This study investigates the occurrence of COVID-19 BTIs at a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analysed hospital tested qRT-PCR data of individuals from the ICMR portal (March 2021-March 2022). Demographic and vaccination details were extracted. RESULTS: Among 8001 tested individuals, 1452 were vaccinated. The BTI rate decreased from 16.6% to 1.2% after the first dose and from 58% to 40% after the second one. Odds ratio indicated a 74% reduction in infection risk for vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated. Males had higher infection rates than females, regardless of vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a higher BTI rate after one vaccine dose compared to two doses. The BTI rate also increased four months post-vaccination, even with two doses, potentially due to waning immunity and the emergence of new variants. Therefore, continued adherence to preventive measures in conjunction with vaccination is crucial for minimizing COVID-19 transmission.
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of associated urinary tract infections using VITEK 2 system.
Mohajeri P, Faridafshar H, Kooti S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337698 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As a Gram-positive bacterium, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is normally found as a transient flora of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of women. The high prevalence of GBS in the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As a Gram-positive bacterium, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is normally found as a transient flora of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of women. The high prevalence of GBS in the urethra warrants investigation of UTIs and antibiotic resistance frequency associated with GBS. Given the paucity of research on antibiotic resistance of GBS in Iran, the present study investigated the UTIs associated with GBS and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with GBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 65 GBS strains collected from urine samples obtained from the Bouali Laboratory Complex, one of the largest laboratories in western Iran. VITEK 2 GP ID cards were used to identify all GBS isolates. VITEK 2 susceptibility testing for Gram-positive bacteria was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions using the AST-ST card. MIC method was performed after the detection of GBS strains. RESULTS: We found that 53 (81.5%) of the GBS isolates showed resistance to tetracycline; 47 (72.3%), 40 (61.5%), and 30 (46.15%) of these had a resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and ampicillin respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the VITEK 2 system was validated as a user-friendly system that can serve as a rapid and accurate tool for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of GBS.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenemase-producing clinical isolates in Thi-Qar, Iraq.
Khalaf MM, Abd Al-Mayahi FS
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337696 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The emergence of carbapenem resistance in poses an urgent threat. The study aims to assess carbapenem resistance and the presence of carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates from Thi-Qar Hosp...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The emergence of carbapenem resistance in poses an urgent threat. The study aims to assess carbapenem resistance and the presence of carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates from Thi-Qar Hospital, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2203 specimens were collected from patients at two hospitals between January and October 2024. was identified via biochemical tests and confirmed with the Vitek2® system. Antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using disc diffusion, and carbapenemase production was investigated through combined disc tests (CDT) and modified Hodge tests (MHT). PCR was used to detect carbapenemase genes. RESULTS: Out of 2203 specimens, 1212 (55.02%) exhibited bacterial growth, with accounting for 15.35% (186/1212) of isolates. Among these, 40 (21.51%) were resistant to at least one carbapenem. CDT identified 10, and MHT identified 1 as a carbapenemase producer. The most detected gene was (60.00%), followed by (40.00%) and (15.00%). and were found in 5.00% of isolates each. No , , , , , , or was detected. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the corresponding encoding genes in in Thi-Qar province pose a concerning challenge for managing serious infections caused by this pathogen.
Evaluating the susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam in clinical isolates of and recovered from an apex medical hospital in north India.
Bali N, Ahmed T, Borkakoty B … +5 more , Bali R, Ara Mir A, Teli Z, Nisar Q, Faisal T
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337694 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We assessed the susceptibility of ceftazidime+avibactam (CZA/AVI) in and isolated from intensive care units of our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical samples from Jan 2022 to Dec 2023...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We assessed the susceptibility of ceftazidime+avibactam (CZA/AVI) in and isolated from intensive care units of our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical samples from Jan 2022 to Dec 2023 at SKIMS Soura, were processed for the recovery of and . Susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion (DD) method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for CZA/AVI and meropenem was assessed using E-test strips. Categorical agreement (CA), very major errors (VME), major errors (ME) and minor errors (mE) between DD and MIC were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: A total of 111 and 81 were part of the study. Of these, 56.8% and 45.7% isolates were susceptible to CZA/AVI. MIC of CZA/AVI for ranged from 0.125 to ≥ 256 μg/ml and for it ranged from 0.032 to 128 μg/ml. CA was 97.29% between DD and E-Test for CZA/AVI in isolates, with a ME of 2.70%. For CA between DD and E-Test for CZA/AVI was 98.76% with a VME of 1.23%. MIC values of meropenem were higher than CZA/AVI even in sensitive isolates. CONCLUSION: CZA/AVI shows good in-vitro activity against clinical isolates of and and can be part of empirical therapy for treating infections caused by these bacteria.
Molecular assessment of in horses in Northwestern Iran.
Hosseinzadeh S, Nofouzi K, Hasanzadeh F … +2 more , Esmaeili S, Ayen E
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337692 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Q fever is a frequently occurring illness that is induced by the bacterium ) that can infect humans and various animals. It targets the macrophage cells in the tissues, and circulating monocyte...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Q fever is a frequently occurring illness that is induced by the bacterium ) that can infect humans and various animals. It targets the macrophage cells in the tissues, and circulating monocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 in the West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces of northwestern Iran to examine the presence infection of . Specimens were obtained by swabbing from 140 mares (70 from each province) and 20 stallions (10 from each province) which were apparently healthy, and their DNA was analyzed using quantitative PCR assay detecting the element of the bacterium. RESULTS: The findings indicated that a mere 0.625% of the examined specimens tested positive for . Among the entire set of specimens, a single female horse from the region of Ardabil was found to be the carrier of the bacterium. CONCLUSION: This suggested that even though horses may not display any clinical symptoms, they can still harbor and contribute to its transmission. Therefore, the potential contribution of horses to Q fever transmission should be considered.
The evaluation of antimicrobial resistance rates in infections caused by uropathogenic strains collected from the south of Lebanon.
Chreim S, Hosseini SM, Medlej A … +1 more , Tarhini M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337688 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uropathogenic (UPEC) is a leading cause of urinary tract infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates is an increasing challen...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uropathogenic (UPEC) is a leading cause of urinary tract infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates is an increasing challenge, necessitating a better understanding of the resistance patterns and underlying genetic mechanisms. This study examined the prevalence of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and the detection of specific resistance genes among patients with UPEC infections in Sheikh Ragheb Harb University Hospital in south Lebanon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial resistance phenotype of 104 urine samples was tested to determine the resistance percentages for various antibiotics including ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, bactrim, meropenem, and imipenem using disk diffusion test. Additionally, molecular analysis like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of , and resistance genes. RESULTS: The antimicrobial resistance testing revealed the following resistance percentages for various antibiotics: ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (15.38%), ciprofloxacin (34.61%), tetracycline (48.07%), bactrim (17.3%), meropenem (0.96%) and imipenem (0.96%). The analysis of resistance genes showed the presence of (7.96%), (0.96%), (20.19%), and (0.96%) genes, while the , and genes were not detected. CONCLUSION: The high rates of antibiotic resistance observed, particularly to ampicillin and tetracycline, highlight the need for more judicious antibiotic use and the development of alternative treatment strategies to combat UPEC infections. These results can inform antimicrobial stewardship programs and guide the selection of appropriate empiric therapy for urinary tract infections.
Insights into global transcriptomic profile of biofilm producing clinical isolates from chronic foot ulcers.
Ebineshan K, Srikantam A, Pallapati MS
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337687 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the predominant biofilm producing pathogen in leprosy foot ulcer (LFU). The objective of this study was to identify the transcriptome profile through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the predominant biofilm producing pathogen in leprosy foot ulcer (LFU). The objective of this study was to identify the transcriptome profile through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in mature biofilm of leprosy foot ulcer isolate of MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2022 and a total of twenty-seven isolates were collected from the foot ulcers of leprosy patients. All isolates were screened for biofilm formation in vitro. Initially, two potential biofilm producing isolates and two planktonic cells were selected for transcriptome comparison. RESULTS: With reference to transcriptome profile, out of 2,842 genes, 2,688 genes in mature biofilm and 2,685 genes in planktonic cells were expressed. Among them, forty-five differentially expressed genes with 32 and 13 genes showing up and down regulation respectively were obtained. CONCLUSION: The research emphasizes the need for continued exploration into the mechanisms of biofilm formation by , particularly in the context of leprosy foot ulcers. Understanding these pathways not only aids in grasping the complexity of chronic infections but also paves the way for innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating biofilm-related complications in clinical settings.
Design of ELISA-based diagnostic system for detection of enterohaemorrhagic .
Rezaei MJ, Eidi M, Mirhosseini SA … +4 more , Kazemi R, Motamedi MJ, Khani S, Amani J
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337686 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: O157:H7 is an intestinal pathogen of humans and animals, which causes serious gastrointestinal, urinary tract infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Connecting to the host cell is important...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: O157:H7 is an intestinal pathogen of humans and animals, which causes serious gastrointestinal, urinary tract infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Connecting to the host cell is important in pathogenesis. EspA, Intimin and Tir proteins (EIT) are the most important bacterial features in the process of binding. These antigens can be very useful in detecting these bacteria. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant EspA, Intimin and Tir proteins (rEIT) to detect pathogenic O157:H7 by means of ELISA method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The recombinant gene was expressed using IPTG in BL21 (DE3) and evaluated by western blotting. The purified rEIT protein was injected to rabbits and mice subcutaneously. Purified antibody was evaluated using indirect, competitive and sandwich ELISA confirming the precise detection of O157: H7. RESULTS: Indirect, competitive and sandwich ELISA specifically detected O157:H7 and each methods had the ability to identify more than 10, 10, 10 bacteria. The specificity of this method was evaluated by Entroheamoragic , enterotoxygenic and . CONCLUSION: These methods are the fastest, most accurate and cost effective methods for diagnosis of O157: H7, comparing to the conventional methods.
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