Iranian Journal Of Microbiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Impact of oleuropein on and adhesion and its mediated toxicity in Zebrafish () embryos.
Karzani S, Sharifzadeh A, Nayeri-Fasaei B … +4 more , Khosravi AR, Hassan J, Sharifi A, Shahrestani AP
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337685 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-associated infections poses significant challenges in clinical settings. This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive p...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-associated infections poses significant challenges in clinical settings. This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of oleuropein, a compound derived from olive leaves, against and MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on (fluconazole-resistant/susceptible) and (methicillin-resistant/susceptible). The antifungal, antibacterial, anti-adhesion, and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) effects of oleuropein were evaluated. The impact of oleuropein on germ tube formation (GTF) in was assessed. Finally, the toxicity of oleuropein was evaluated in zebrafish embryos. RESULTS: Oleuropein exhibited MIC values of 10 mg/ml for and 5 mg/ml for . It significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the adhesion of both microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition percentages of 78.43% and 75.91% for and , respectively. Additionally, oleuropein reduced the CSH of , indicating its potential to interfere with adhesion mechanisms. In addition, oleuropein exhibited inhibition of GTF in CONCLUSION: Oleuropein demonstrates significant antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against and indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing biofilm-related infections. However, careful dosage management is crucial due to its observed toxicity at higher concentrations.
Protective effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid on lung and liver tissue integrity in rats during systemic infection.
Al-Fetly DR, Rhyaf AG, Naji HA
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337679 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a potent superantigenic toxin produced by , plays a crucial role in systemic infection. This investigation sought to determine whether immunising animals wi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a potent superantigenic toxin produced by , plays a crucial role in systemic infection. This investigation sought to determine whether immunising animals with SEB toxoid could protect against an experimental acute systemic infection caused by MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved three groups of animals: one group was administered with SEB toxoid, and the second group was administered with intramuscular injections of normal saline, after which both were subjected to systemic infection. The third group served as the negative control. After two weeks, the outcomes of the experimental systemic infection demonstrated that SEB immunisation significantly shielded organs (lung and liver) from damage in comparison to the control group. RESULTS: Regarding the histopathological analysis of liver and lung tissues, the control group showed minimal alterations, indicating a normal tissue state. Infected individuals exhibited severe pathology, including inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. The immunised group displayed a mixed profile with elevated inflammation but lower necrosis and fibrosis. Immunisation mitigated pathological changes induced by infection, fostering a more controlled response. CONCLUSION: SEB plays an important role in pathogenesis and immunisation, and this toxoid might protect against fatal infections of
Antifungal effect of soil bacteria on pathogenic species of the fungal genera and .
Taghavi MA, Ahmadi M, Dehghan-Nayeri D … +4 more , Salehi Z, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Jamzivar F, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337676 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of fungal infections due to antifungal resistance underscores the need for novel treatment strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of fungal infections due to antifungal resistance underscores the need for novel treatment strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of soil-originated antagonistic bacteria against and species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty soil samples collected from Isfahan and Khuzestan provinces by using the Zig-Zag method were cultured on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar around fungal colonies to isolate antagonistic bacteria. Antifungal activity was assessed by measuring clear zones around the colonies of and by co-culture linear method. Potent antagonistic bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and evaluated for antifungal activity using disk diffusion assays compared with amphotericin B and ketoconazole. RESULTS: Among 50 samples, fifteen showed antifungal effects, yielding 55 bacterial strains. Four isolates with strong antifungal activity against all tested fungi were identified as and sp. These bacteria were distributed in distinct clusters phylogenitically and showed diverse antifungal activity. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the potential of soil-derived species as promising antifungal agents. Further studies are recommended to identify their inhibitory metabolites, their ability as biocontrol agents against soil habitated fungi and to explore their mechanism of action and spectrum of activity.
Design and assessment of a multiplex real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of COVID-19 and Influenza A/B.
Fotros N, Bashiri R, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S … +1 more , Paryan M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337675 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Viral infections of the respiratory system are a major public problem due to their ease of spread, pandemic potential, and significant rate of death. Diagnosing these infections requires labora...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Viral infections of the respiratory system are a major public problem due to their ease of spread, pandemic potential, and significant rate of death. Diagnosing these infections requires laboratory testing, as clinical symptoms alone are often insufficient. Influenza A, Influenza B, and COVID-19 are common infections that burden the population, especially during winter. We developed a multiplex real-time PCR method to simultaneously detect Influenza A and B, as well as COVID-19. Compared to existing detection kits, it offers higher accuracy, lower costs, and faster results, making it an efficient diagnostic tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed primer/TaqMan probes for the M2 gene of Influenza A, N gene of SARS-CoV-2, and NS1 gene of Influenza B. Reaction components were optimized and functional parameters were tested using standard samples with known viral copy numbers. RESULTS: The method's detection limit is 10 copies for Influenza A and B, and 60 for SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity and specificity for Influenza A are 88% and 100%, for Influenza B, 95.6% and 100%, and for SARS-CoV-2, 90.4% and 100%. CONCLUSION: This multiplex real-time PCR method can accurately detect and distinguish SARS-CoV-2, Influenza B, and Influenza A infections.
Antifungal activity of polyphenolic compounds against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant species.
Fakhim H, Mohamadi B, Gharibi S … +7 more , Rahimmalek M, Hosseini Rizi M, Shelerangkon M, Nasri E, Dorostkar F, Szumny A, Vaezi A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337674 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rapid emergence of resistant fungi is occurring worldwide, and this crisis has been attributed to the lack of new antifungal drug development. This issue emphasizes the need for innovation...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rapid emergence of resistant fungi is occurring worldwide, and this crisis has been attributed to the lack of new antifungal drug development. This issue emphasizes the need for innovation in finding novel antifungals. There is an increasing interest in using the natural products of plants with high biological activity as alternatives to synthetic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the possible applicability of polyphenols as alternative antifungal drugs to treat resistant infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A panel of fluconazole-resistant (n=14) and fluconazole-susceptible (n=26) clinical isolates was obtained from the reference culture collection. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole, tannic acid, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric was carried out following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS: The MIC values of 40 species isolates ranged from 0.25 to >64 μg/mL for polyphenolic compounds. The highest inhibitory effect against species was observed with tannic acid, followed by fluconazole. Non- groups were more sensitive to tannic acid compared to isolates. Significant differences were observed in the MICs of fluconazole and tannic acid against non- isolates. CONCLUSION: The increasing antifungal resistance highlights the importance of evaluating new drugs that are more robust against resistance. This study suggests that tannic acid could be considered a novel antifungal agent for managing fungal infections, including multidrug-resistant non- infections.
Resistance profiles of isolates against frequently used antibiotics at private sector laboratories in Jordan.
Al-Groom R, Al-Saraireh G, Mohammed Saghir SA … +10 more , Ahmad Khan MS, Almanaseer AM, Alswalha L, Alraei W, Al-Haijaa DA, Hdaib M, Da'meh A, Burjaq SZ, Al-Dmour O, Alhawarat F
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40337673 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories aga...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories against commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The process involved collecting various samples from several private laboratories and then identifying isolates using biochemical characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, Rt-PCR was employed to identify two genes namely the methicillin/oxacillin resistance genes (), and (). RESULTS: The findings of the current study exhibited that females constituted a larger proportion of the participants (59.1%) compared to males (40.9%), with a mean participant age of 40.82 years. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent (71.3%) than Gram-negative bacteria (18.3%), with being the most frequent isolate (60.9%). Urine samples represented the highest collected sample type (47.8%). Out of the 115 bacterial isolates, 85.2% exhibited multidrug resistance to antibiotics such as cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 62.9%, followed by teicoplanin and meropenem, each with a sensitivity rate of 52.9%. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains were susceptabile to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The methicillin/oxacillin resistant isolates showed significant association with and genes. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the multi-drug resistance in isolates, stressing the need for stringent antibiotic stewardship, continuous surveillance, and further research into alternative treatments, including novel antibiotics and combination therapy, to combat resistant strains.
In vitro investigations of coelomic fluid of : protein analysis, antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects on diabetic wounds' bacteria.
Danafar N, Shokoohi M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330070 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels, leading to complications such as infections and impaired wound healing. Diabetic wounds are prone to bacterial infecti...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels, leading to complications such as infections and impaired wound healing. Diabetic wounds are prone to bacterial infections, with common pathogens including and Coelomic fluid of (CFEF) exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of CFEF on diabetic wound pathogens, alongside analyzing its protein content and antioxidant activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used bacterial strains ATCC 25923, ATCC 25922, ATCC 19659, and ATCC 27853. CFEF was extracted using warm water and electric shock methods. Protein concentration was determined using the Bradford method, and protein analysis was conducted via Tricine SDS-PAGE. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, superoxide dismutase, and catalase assays. Antibacterial activities were tested by disc diffusion, MIC, and MBC methods. RESULTS: The study showed that CFEF exhibited significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities against common bacteria found in diabetic wound infections. The warm water shock method yielded superior results compared to the electric shock method. CONCLUSION: CFEF demonstrates promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for treating diabetic wound infections. Further research is needed to evaluate its clinical application and safety.
Frequency of BK virus genotypes in patients with colorectal cancer.
Javadi M, Kaydani G, Pirmoradi R … +4 more , Talaiezadeh A, Navand AH, Ahmadi MKB, Makvandi M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330069 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BK polyomavirus infection is prevalent and primarily asymptomatic, except for complications in kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, its involvement in a tumorigenic family necessitates co...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BK polyomavirus infection is prevalent and primarily asymptomatic, except for complications in kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, its involvement in a tumorigenic family necessitates consideration in various malignancies such as urogenital tumors, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and brain cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation encompassed 50 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tumors, 50 adjacent tissues, and 40 urine samples, with patients having a mean age of 61 years ± 12.4 years. The detection of BK virus DNA VP1 gene and genotyping were carried out through nested-PCR and sequencing techniques. RESULTS: Through the utilization of nested-PCR, BK virus DNA was identified in 15/50 (30%) colorectal tumor samples and 3/50 (6%) adjacent tissues (p-value = 0.008). Additionally, 6/40 (15%) urine samples exhibited positive results for BK virus DNA. Notably, among these findings, 9/15 BK virus positive tumor tissues (60%) and 3/6 BK virus positive urine samples (50%) were confirmed to be positive for BK virus subtype 4 (p-value < 0.001), whereas 2 tumor samples and 3 urine samples were attributed to BK virus type 1b2. CONCLUSION: It is imperative to enhance one's understanding of the etiological and risk factors pertaining to cancers. The present findings offer substantiation of a potential correlation between BK virus infection and colorectal cancer. BK virus genotype 4 was found to be dominant among the CRC patients in this study.
Evaluation of cold atmospheric pressure plasma effects on wound infection in a mouse model.
Shekari R, Zarrinsi G, Siahpoush V … +1 more , Hesari FS
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330068 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a significant global health concern. Cold atmospheric plasma is an innovative and promising method for inactivating bacteria. This study aimed to eval...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a significant global health concern. Cold atmospheric plasma is an innovative and promising method for inactivating bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold plasma on in a mouse wound infection model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The disk diffusion method was used to perform antibiograms after isolating the bacteria. A multidrug-resistant strain was then selected. The bactericidal activity of cold helium plasma was investigated in vitro. The optimal cold plasma conditions were determined in the laboratory, with a flow of 3 liters per minute and a power of 1.1 watts. These conditions were later used for in vivo evaluations. RESULTS: In a laboratory study, helium gas plasma treatment for 8 minutes reduced by 2.5 logs. In the in vivo study, plasma reduced the wound's microbial load in mice by 1.9 log. The antibiotic treatment group had a 1.2 log reduction. Both plasma and antibiotic therapies had similar effects on microbial inactivation. CONCLUSION: The overall evaluation of wound healing time and pathological features showed that plasma was generally better than antibiotic treatment. Plasma can inactivate in wounds and accelerate wound healing.
and genes in methicillin-resistant from clinical specimens: a cross-sectional hospital based study from Nepal.
Adhikari S, Sharma S, Adhikari S … +2 more , Shrestha S, Bhatta DR
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330067 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: has increasingly been associated with community and healthcare-associated infections worldwide and contributes to treatment failures due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methi...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: has increasingly been associated with community and healthcare-associated infections worldwide and contributes to treatment failures due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. We aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolated from patients attending a burn center and to detect and genes among MRSA isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on 1950 clinical samples collected from hospital inpatients and outpatients of Kirtipur Hospital, which is a burn specialist hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Each sample underwent conventional cultural methods for bacterial isolates identification. RESULTS: Out of 1950 samples, 452 (23.2%) samples showed bacterial growth, of which 109 isolates (24.1%) were identified as Gram positive and 343 (75.9%) as Gram negative bacteria. Among the Gram positive bacteria, 53 (48.62%) were Of the total isolates, 40 (75.5%) were MRSA and 48 (90.6%) were MDR. Of the 40 MRSA isolates, 29 (72.5%) carried the gene and 3 (7.5%) harbored gene. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of MRSA in a burn unit underscores the need for more rigorous infection control practices that follow standard protocols to reduce MRSA transmission in both individuals and the hospital environment.
Comprehensive review of preclinical evaluation strategies for COVID-19 vaccine candidates: assessing immunogenicity, toxicology, and safety profiles.
Doroud D, Daneshi M, Kazemi-Lomedash F … +1 more , Eftekhari Z
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330066 · Full text
Following the worldwide spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a vital requirement for safe and effective vaccines against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, several...
Following the worldwide spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a vital requirement for safe and effective vaccines against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, several vaccine-candidate platforms have been designed, tested, and developed. Based on guidelines, preclinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and potency of COVID-19 vaccines in appropriate in vitro and in vivo settings. These studies provide essential information to describe the potential toxic properties of a vaccine and the formulation of vaccine agents during the preclinical trial phase. In toxicology studies, several factors must be considered, such as the appropriate animal species and strains, dosing timetable, mode of administration, time of sampling for biochemistry and antibody evaluation, and necropsy. Pharmacokinetic/ biodistribution studies are not usually required for infectious disease prophylaxis vaccines unless the vaccine contains a novel substance. Evaluating their biodistribution is crucial for newly developed vaccines, such as lipid nanoparticles -messenger RNA (LNP-mRNA), DNA, and Viral vectors in non-replicated (VVnr), or recombinant virus vaccines. The review highlights the importance of preclinical studies in assessing the safety and efficacy of vaccine candidates. This guidance is essential for researchers and manufacturers to design effective vaccines that can progress to clinical trials safely.
Investigation of new exopolysaccharides produced by strains of donkey milk.
Israyelyan A, Balabekyan T, Aleksanyan L … +3 more , Sahakyan I, Gasparyan A, Tkhruni F
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330065 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that strains of the genus isolated from donkey milk from different regions of the Republic of Armenia have antimicrobial activity, synthesize different polysaccharides and pr...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that strains of the genus isolated from donkey milk from different regions of the Republic of Armenia have antimicrobial activity, synthesize different polysaccharides and produce disaccharide polymers (glucose and galactose). The quantitative synthesis of polysaccharides (8-15%) depends on the composition of the nutrient medium, temperature and growing time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Species identification of LAB strains was confirmed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing method using universal primers LAB strains. The methods used for extraction, purification and detection of exopolysaccharides are based on the method of Sørensen et al. (2022). The antibacterial activity of EPS was investigated by agar diffusion assay. Determination of the immunostimulating property was carried out using the ELISA method. RESULTS: The antimicrobial activity of the polysaccharide and antimicrobial protein-like fractions of the genus strains depends on its concentration, time of interaction with the test culture, and the species of the pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION: The obtained results were shown that strains isolated from fermented donkey milk that are capable of synthesizing two substances of different nature with high antimicrobial properties during the growth process are promising for further research and application for their use as probiotics and biopreparations in pharmaceuticals.
Evaluation of the relatedness between the biofilm-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance among isolates in the southwest Iran.
Shakib NH, Hashemizadeh Z, Zomorodi AR … +3 more , Khashei R, Sadeghi Y, Bazargani A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330064 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increasing antimicrobial resistance among strains poses a significant challenge, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) where these bacteria are common causes of hospital infections. Biof...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increasing antimicrobial resistance among strains poses a significant challenge, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) where these bacteria are common causes of hospital infections. Biofilm production is recognized as a key mechanism contributing to this resistance. This study aims to explore the relationship between biofilm production, the presence of biofilm-associated genes, and antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates obtained from ICU patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 100 isolates from ICU patients at Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and biofilm production potential was assessed through the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Additionally, we investigated eleven biofilm-related genes ( and ) in all isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The REP-PCR technique was utilized to analyze the genetic relatedness of the isolates (Fig. 4). RESULTS: All isolates displayed multi-drug resistance, with the highest resistance rates observed against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%). Gentamicin and amikacin showed the lowest resistance rates at 70% and 84%, respectively. A total of 98% of the isolates were capable of biofilm production, with 32% categorized as strong biofilm producers. The most frequently detected biofilm-associated genes included (99%), (98%), (97%), and (89%). CONCLUSION: Biofilm production significantly contributes to the prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains. It is essential to implement effective antimicrobial stewardship and develop innovative anti-biofilm strategies to address this global health issue.
in septic arthritis: prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility patterns.
Ali Khan M, Kamran Taj M, Khan Z … +3 more , Taj I, Naeem M, Azam S
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330063 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Septic arthritis (SA) is an orthopedic emergency mainly caused by bacteria. SA due to is rare with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and antibiotic resistance pattern...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Septic arthritis (SA) is an orthopedic emergency mainly caused by bacteria. SA due to is rare with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and antibiotic resistance patterns of in SA patients in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2023. 220 samples were collected from SA patients from tertiary care hospitals. Joint aspirates (2ml) and blood (5ml) were analyzed for microbial and hematological examination. RESULTS: There were 5.45% samples positive, and 94.5% negative for . SA due to was more common in male (6.2%) than female (4.6%) patients with the knee being the most affected joint (6.3%). was more common in patients aged 41-60 years (7.7%), lower socioeconomic (6.9%), and illiterate (8.6%) patients. Suspected patients showed a significant increase in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), notably, these levels were further elevated in -positive patients. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based identification of showed clear bands of 204bp of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequence analysis using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool found high similarity with pathogenic from Egypt and China. The identified strain showed significant resistance to common antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance in from SA patients suggests the need for accurate antibiotic selection to ensure prompt treatment.
Serological epidemiology analysis of Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women in Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Al-Zubaidi MAK, Hosseini SM, Al-Roudhan MAN … +1 more , Al-Harmooshee MBH
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330062 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the most common cause of congenital infection during pregnancy. It is a major concern worldwide with a wide range of clinical outcomes in fetuses and n...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the most common cause of congenital infection during pregnancy. It is a major concern worldwide with a wide range of clinical outcomes in fetuses and newborns due to HCMV reactivation or reinfection during pregnancy. Primary maternal infection is best diagnosed by examining IgM and IgG antibodies. The current study aimed epidemiology survey of congenital HCMV infection in pregnant women in Diwaniyah. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 600 blood samples were collected from pregnant women, between 18-45 years old, in Diwaniyah Governorate for 12 months, from January to December 2022, in regards to their place of residence (urban or rural). All samples were monitored for both IgG and IgM antibodies against HCMV using rapid test and ELISA. RESULTS: Our findings showed a high positive rate for IgG (95.7%) and (96.2%) and a positive rate for IgM (1.5%) and (1.8%) for rapid test and ELISA, respectively. The highest IgG positive rate was in the age group 26-35 years (43.33%), while the lowest rate (13.0%) was in the age group 36-45 years. The HCMV infection rate in rural and urban areas were (96.48%) and (95.26%), respectively, with no significant differences (P value>0.05). Also, the rate of miscarriages among pregnant women infected with HCMV was 28.83%, and the highest infection rate (30.51%) was recorded in the age group 26-35 years. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HCMV infection and its related miscarriage among the studied population is relatively high with the highest rate in the age group of 26-35 years.
Characterization of outer membrane vesicles and the impact of pathogenic ones on NLR signaling pathways.
Mohammadzadeh R, Behrouzi A, Vaziri F … +1 more , Siadat SD
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330061 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a universal event among bacteria. In this study, we characterized OMVs from pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of and assessed the effect...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a universal event among bacteria. In this study, we characterized OMVs from pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of and assessed the effect of pathogenic OMVs on NLR signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OMVs were extracted by differential centrifugation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SDS-PAGE, Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, and nucleic acid extraction. Then, the Caco-2 cells were treated with the pathogenic OMVs to evaluate their effect on NLR signaling pathways. RESULTS: SEM showed that pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains produced OMVs in the range of 9-72.9 and 45-270 nm, respectively. The SDS-PAGE revealed that both OMVs had protein bands ranging from 25 to 100 kDa. The LAL test displayed that the concentration of LPS was 2.368 and 0.055 EU/ml in pathogenic and non-pathogenic OMVs, respectively. The evaluation of nucleic acid contents showed no significant difference between both types of OMVs. The assessment of pathogenic OMVs' effect on NLR genes demonstrated that the expression level was changed in some genes. CONCLUSION: The characterization of OMVs showed that both strains of secrete OMVs in different sizes and contents. Besides, it was revealed that OMVs can regulate gene expression.
Incidence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolated from women with urinary tract infections in Jordan.
Al-Groom R
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330060 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are one of the world's major health problems. In addition, clinical disorders may result from the presence of bacteria or fungi in urine. The aim of this study was to i...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are one of the world's major health problems. In addition, clinical disorders may result from the presence of bacteria or fungi in urine. The aim of this study was to isolate strains from midstream urine samples, and to determine molecular characterization of encoded Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collected urine samples were streaked on MacConkey, blood and EMB agar plates, then identifying isolates by using antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL production was measured using double disc diffusion. Furthermore, uniplex PCR was performed to identify two ESBL genes ( and ). RESULTS: Among 412 isolates, 198 (48.1%) were strains, followed by sp., sp., sp. and sp. with frequency of 132 (32.0%), 51 (12.4%), 15 (3.6%), 10 (2.4%), and 6 (1.5%) respectively. Female participants who were between the ages of 40 and 49 years old, married, and pregnant were more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTIs). species were present in 189 (95.5) of the recurrent UTIs. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates, the highest percentage of resistance and susceptible rates were found for nalidixic acid (75.8%) and gentamicin (64.1%) respectively. Among the isolates, 25 (12.6%) were ESBL-producers. The gene was genetically confirmed in 20 (10.1%) of the isolates. CONCLUSION: is the most common cause of UTI and ESBL production leads to increased resistance to common antibiotics and complicates treatment strategies.
Urine amino acid and gamma aminobutyric acid level in COVID 19 patients.
Kazezoglu C, İrvem A, Sutasir YT … +4 more , Çakiroglu B, Kirgiz B, Yilmaz H, Kocatas A
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330059 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: SARS CoV2 has tropism for various tissues, including the respiratory tract, brain, endothelium, heart, kidney and liver. Neurological symptoms can also be seen in the clinical course of the dis...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: SARS CoV2 has tropism for various tissues, including the respiratory tract, brain, endothelium, heart, kidney and liver. Neurological symptoms can also be seen in the clinical course of the disease, and anosmia is the most common. The main objective of our study was to examine the urinary amino acid profiles of moderately severe patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive RT-PCR test and try to find metabolic changes associated with the infection. Also, it was aimed to investigate the neuroinhibitory Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in order to examine the physiopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult cases who were followed up in the infection clinic with positive SARS CoV 2 RT-PCR and diagnosed with COVID 19 disease were included in the study with consent. The amino acid profile of these patients' urine samples, 30 different amino acid levels and creatine levels were examined using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) method on the SCIEX QTRAP 4500 device. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients is 40 ± 5. Elevated GABA in 28/30 cases, high hydroxylysine amino acid in 27/30 cases, low glycine in 30/30 cases were detected in the urine. The creatinine levels of the patients were found to be normal. CONCLUSION: It has been thought that the height of GABA may be due to bacteria producing GABA as a result of the change in microbiota due to lactic acidosis, as well as that the virus may directly affect the brain and cause an increase in GABA.
Direct MALDI-TOF MS-based method for rapid identification of microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility testing in urine specimens.
Assi F, Jabri B, Melalka L … +2 more , Sekhsokh Y, Zouhdi M
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330058 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered as a major public health issue, often causing complications. Although the traditional cultivation approach is reliable in diagnosis, it is time-co...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered as a major public health issue, often causing complications. Although the traditional cultivation approach is reliable in diagnosis, it is time-consuming, leading to delay in treatment and contributing to antibiotic resistance due to suboptimal empirical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a direct, rapid identification technique using MALDI-TOF MS for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing in UTIs, aiming to reduce diagnostic time compared to standard culture methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the span of a year, 458 monomicrobial urine samples were analysed using both the standard bacterial culture method and the direct MALDI-TOF MS-based method. Antibiotic susceptibility was directly tested on 20 samples using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The direct identification technique accurately identified 92.14% of microorganisms at the genus level and 60.92% at the species level within an hour, significantly faster than the 24 to 48 hours required by traditional culture methods. The direct antibiotic susceptibility test results were consistent with the standard post-culture method ranging from 60.00% to 100%. CONCLUSION: Direct identification using MALDI-TOF MS can improve UTI management by enabling faster pathogen identification and targeted treatments, potentially reducing antibiotic resistance. Further studies are needed in terms of enhancing its clinical utility and reliability.
Infected burn wound healing using Hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose gel containing bacteriophages against and .
Adibi M, Javanmardi K, Saeed NAAAH … +5 more , Ali Mobasher M, Jokar J, Ghasemian A, Rahimian N, Hekmat AS
Iran J Microbiol · 2025 Feb · PMID 40330057 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: and are the two leading bacterial strains involved in wound infections. These bacteria have developed broad resistance to antibiotics, which has complicated their eradication. Additionally, t...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: and are the two leading bacterial strains involved in wound infections. These bacteria have developed broad resistance to antibiotics, which has complicated their eradication. Additionally, the formation of a polymicrobial infection poses additional problems. Among alternative or complementary options, bacteriophages, viruses that parasitize bacterial hosts, have been promising. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this research work, bacteriophages' therapeutic effects against - and -infected burn wounds were studied. The infectious burn wound model was performed on Balb/C male mice, aged six weeks and weighing 25 ± 5 gr. The effects of the Hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel containing phage were investigated compared to gentamicin. All of these actions were performed in separate groups for each bacteria and mixed group of bacteria (to test multi-bacterial infections treating) and the result were compared. RESULTS: Phages appear to be effective in gel forms. Pathologic samples of different groups confirmed therapeutic results of phages. These results at the microscopic level indicated the recovery of the tissue and the removal of the infection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that lytic phages are powerful biological tools for the treatment of bacterial infections in burn wounds, which can be considered as one of the alternatives for drug-resistant bacterial species and the high costs of antibiotics; though further animal and trial studies are needed. Meanwhile, the complications due to their widespread use in humans should be investigated in more details.
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