In 2016, provision is made for the transition for an accreditation system for all health workers to have individual permits for specific kinds of medical activities. Regular accreditation of health workers is one of the...In 2016, provision is made for the transition for an accreditation system for all health workers to have individual permits for specific kinds of medical activities. Regular accreditation of health workers is one of the constituents of medical education, which is being intensively elaborated by the Ministry of Health of Russia jointly with a professional community by the module principle of using an accumulation system of valid credits. Despite the fact that higher educational establishments belong to different agencies, educational programs for physicians, criteria and procedures for their accreditation must be uniform. In this connection, there is today's challenge of methodological and methodical approaches to defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists of healthcare facilities of the Ministry of Health of Russia, bodies and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. In the context of systemic and functional methodological approaches, the paper shows a procedure for defining criteria for the accreditation of specialists (in case of medical parasitologists).
The paper considers the functional aspects of a biological component in programs for training specialists in the area of Parasitology for accreditation within the current enactments, including those on modernization of p...The paper considers the functional aspects of a biological component in programs for training specialists in the area of Parasitology for accreditation within the current enactments, including those on modernization of public health and additional professional education. The working program of the module "Fundamental Disciplines" has been used as an example to outline approaches to molding a medical parasitologist's capacity and readiness to solve professional tasks on the basis of knowledge of fundamental disciplines: biology, immunology, and medical geography. Education fundamentalization is shown to suggest more unsupervised work of a learner in the teaching process. The fundamental constituent of a biological component of the 'programs for training learners in the specialty of Parasitology for accreditation is shown in the interaction of all sections of this area with special and allied subjects.
Analysis of data on the incidence of pediculosis worldwide has shown that this disease still remains one of the major health problems in many countries. The ways of transmitting lice and different (social and biological)...Analysis of data on the incidence of pediculosis worldwide has shown that this disease still remains one of the major health problems in many countries. The ways of transmitting lice and different (social and biological) factors influencing lice infestation are considered. The country's real morbidity rate, such as the ratio of the number of reported pediculosis cases to the amount of pediculicides sold at drugstores in both Russia as a whole and its individual federal districts in particular, has been investigated. The actual morbidity rate has been found to be higher than the officially recorded one.
The time of development and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the soil of Gorno-Altaisk was experimen- tally investigated in 2011-2014. In July 2011, T.canis eggs matured at 3-5-cm soil depths from the stage of 1-2 blas...The time of development and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the soil of Gorno-Altaisk was experimen- tally investigated in 2011-2014. In July 2011, T.canis eggs matured at 3-5-cm soil depths from the stage of 1-2 blastomeres to invading larva within 12 days at a daily average temperature of +23°C and at a relative humidity of 82%. At 3-5-cm soil depths, more than 70% of invaded T. canis eggs preserved their viability through- out the experimental period (4 years). The paper gives evidence for the seasonal survival of invaded T. canis eggs in relation of the length of soil stay.
Moreva ZhG, E N Morozov, Vasilyev MM
… +2 more, Mironov AY, Venediktov AE
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2015 · PMID 26152037
The paper presents the results of examining the morphology of different forms of Trichomonas vaginalis by indirect immunofluorescence. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the typical forms of vaginal trichomonads showe...The paper presents the results of examining the morphology of different forms of Trichomonas vaginalis by indirect immunofluorescence. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the typical forms of vaginal trichomonads showed a very bright light green glow, around the periphery of a cell in particular; the atypical forms of trichomonads emitted in the green spectral region less brilliantly and evenly. Trichomonas fluorescence intensity was measured by spectrofluorescence assay. The experimental findings point to the fact that the fluorescence rate of typical forms, of Trichomonas is 2-4 times higher than that of its forms with atypical morphology.
Pustovoit VI, Adoeva EY, Kozlov SS
… +2 more, Turitsin VS, Nikitin AF
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2015 · PMID 26152036
Trichinosis was experimentally induced in rats. The morphology of encystation of Trichinella larvae was studied in the striated muscles. The efficacy of albendazole was evaluated in different intensity of Trichinella lar...Trichinosis was experimentally induced in rats. The morphology of encystation of Trichinella larvae was studied in the striated muscles. The efficacy of albendazole was evaluated in different intensity of Trichinella larvae infestation in the striated muscles of the laboratory animals. Encystation was shown to cease at 21 days. Albendazole showed high activity against intestinal and encapsulated larvae of Trichinella, leading to 100% death of T. spiralis. Capsules and Trichinella larvae were described to be destructed after treatment with albendazole 15 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days.
The results of testing several primer combinations were used to choose an optimal pair for the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA (direct: Tri58s F 5 CGG TGG ATC RCT TGG CTC...The results of testing several primer combinations were used to choose an optimal pair for the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA (direct: Tri58s F 5 CGG TGG ATC RCT TGG CTC GTA CG and reverse: AB28 Rr (CGA CCG CTT ATT GAT ATG C). This pair of primers yields a 900 bp PCR product. Comparative analysis of obtained ITS2 sequences, for 8 Trichinella isolates from different regions of the Russian Federation permits different species and individual genotypes of these parasitic nematodes to be validly distinguished.
Stepanova TF, Kataeva LV, Bukharin OV
… +3 more, Perunova NB, Karpukhina NF, Vakarina AA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2015 · PMID 26152034
The goal of this investigation was to study the structure and biological properties (antilysozymic, activity and biofilm formation) of gram-negative bacteria isolated from Bithyniidae mollusks and their habitat (water re...The goal of this investigation was to study the structure and biological properties (antilysozymic, activity and biofilm formation) of gram-negative bacteria isolated from Bithyniidae mollusks and their habitat (water reservoir waters and soil). A total of 160 gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the mollusks of the Bithyniidae family and their habitat were the material to be, studied. Psedomonas, Comamonas, and Acinetobacter held the lead in the structure of microbiocenosis of Bithyniidae mollusks, the first intermediate host of Opisthorchis filineus, while Acinetobacter did in the habitat. The antilysozymic activity of the water strains was shown to be an order of magnitude higher than that of the strains isolated from the mollusks.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the species composition and biological properties of Aeromonas bacteria isolated from Bithyniidae mollusks and their habitat (a water reservoir). The Bithyniidae mollusks an...The purpose of this investigation was to study the species composition and biological properties of Aeromonas bacteria isolated from Bithyniidae mollusks and their habitat (a water reservoir). The Bithyniidae mollusks and water from their habitat were the material to be studied. A total of 176 Aeromonas strains were isolated from the mollusks and water. A. veronii, A. hydrophila, and A. ichthiosmia were most common in the mollusks and A. veronii and A. ichthiosmia were in the water. All the strains isolated had hemolytic activity and no lysozyme or plasma coagulase activity. The magnitude of lecithinase and antilysozymic activities and biofilm formation of the Aeromonas bacteria varied with the isolation source of their strains.
Investigations were conducted in late June to early June 2013. The population density of mollusks of the genus Juga in the shoreline and littoral covered by meadow waters was 10 to 30 specimens/m2; there were solitary sp...Investigations were conducted in late June to early June 2013. The population density of mollusks of the genus Juga in the shoreline and littoral covered by meadow waters was 10 to 30 specimens/m2; there were solitary specimens of the genus Parafossarulus. Fourteen out of 39 fish species were invaded by metacercariae of Clonorchis. Manchurian spiny loaches (Leptobotia) and Light's bitterling (Rhodeus lighti) are first registered to be hosts of Clonorchis. The metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and those of Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi were in the kidneys, fin muscles, and gills of taimen (Hucho) and lenok (Brachymystax lenok) from the Khor River. The invasion rate for the taimen was greater than 1000 metacercariae and that for the lenok was not more than 720 metacercariae per fish.
A cyclic change in the epizootic activity of a tularemia activity underlies the mechanism of natural opisthorchiasis focus pulsation in the combined focus of opisthorchiasis and tularemia in the ecosystem of the Konda Ri...A cyclic change in the epizootic activity of a tularemia activity underlies the mechanism of natural opisthorchiasis focus pulsation in the combined focus of opisthorchiasis and tularemia in the ecosystem of the Konda River. This is due to mass breeding and depression in the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) population. The mass breeding is predetermined by high population reproduction constants. The rodents' potential fecundity occurs with the high capacity of lands, which is caused by the hydrological regime of rivers. The size depression is predetermined by the epizootics of tularemia. The water vole is a host of the pathogens of opisthorchiasis and tularemia. So the mass rodent breeding in the combined infection and invasion focus causes an increase in the number of real invasion sources. The epizootic of tularemia is responsible for elimination of these invasion sources and for decreases in the flow of invasion material, the infection rate of Codiella and hence the amount of their produced cercarae, the extensive and intensive indicators of fish contamination, and the intensity of an epizootic process in the opisthorchiasis focus.
Ermolenko AV, Bespozvannykh VV, Rumyantseva EE
… +1 more, Voronok VM
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2015 · PMID 26152030
The Primorye Territory of Russia is part of a natural habitat for pathogens of four human trematodiases: metagonimiasis (caused by the two worms Metagonimus yokogawai and M. katsuradai in the region), nanophyetiasis (Nan...The Primorye Territory of Russia is part of a natural habitat for pathogens of four human trematodiases: metagonimiasis (caused by the two worms Metagonimus yokogawai and M. katsuradai in the region), nanophyetiasis (Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi), paragonimiasis (Paragonimus westermani ishunensis), and clonorchiasis (Clonorchis sinensis). The tensest situation in the region has emerged with clonorchiasis, the pathogen of which is extending its area due to anthropogenic sources. In addition to the above mentioned trematodes, the investigators have found 18 more species that may inhabit human beings.
Sanitary and parasitological studies of the waste effluents and surface reservoir waters were conducted in the south of Russia. The efficiency of purification of waste effluents from the pathogens of parasitic diseases w...Sanitary and parasitological studies of the waste effluents and surface reservoir waters were conducted in the south of Russia. The efficiency of purification of waste effluents from the pathogens of parasitic diseases was investigated in the region's sewage-purification facilities. The water of the surface water reservoirs was found to contain helminthic eggs and larvae and intestinal protozoan cysts because of the poor purification and disinfection of service fecal sewage waters. The poor purification and disinvasion of waste effluents in the region determine the potential risk of contamination of the surface water reservoirs and infection of the population with the pathogens of human parasitic diseases.
The paper provides a rationale for a procedure to mold diagnostic competences in medical workers of the laboratories of therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions and hygiene and epidemiology centers, Russian Federal Serv...The paper provides a rationale for a procedure to mold diagnostic competences in medical workers of the laboratories of therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions and hygiene and epidemiology centers, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. The methodical features of molding diagnostic competences in the above contingents are the design and organization of an educational process by applying systems integration and competence-based approaches; increased active self-directed learning of audience; a procedure to organize its unsupervised extracurricular activities. Professional habits and skills in laboratory specialists should be molded on the basis of didactic principles and in compliance with the found methodical patterns. The eventual result (molded competences) and its compliance with the practical health care requirements is assessed using all control types (incoming, running, intermediate, and ultimate ones). This ensures the stability and predictability of molding diagnostic competences in parasitology specialists.
Professional medical education is most cost-based when training highly skilled personnel. This is associated with expensive material and technical resources and a high labor-to-output ratio of practicing programs. The ne...Professional medical education is most cost-based when training highly skilled personnel. This is associated with expensive material and technical resources and a high labor-to-output ratio of practicing programs. The network model makes it possible to blaze new trails to achieve the quality of training the staff and the governmental support of its educational programs strengthens the coordination between higher educational establishments, research organizations, and professional learning communities. By using the training of medical parasitologists as an example, the paper shows a network model how to implement the educational program.