Ixodes ricinus imagoes were caught using a flannel flag in the April to October of 2011 to 2013. There were two seasons when these stages were numerous, namely: spring and autumn. The physiological age of 506 hungry I. r...Ixodes ricinus imagoes were caught using a flannel flag in the April to October of 2011 to 2013. There were two seasons when these stages were numerous, namely: spring and autumn. The physiological age of 506 hungry I. ricinus imagoes was determined from their outward signs: the shape of their rear body, the surface of the cuticle, and visibility of the internals through the latter. The change in the age composition suggests that an autumn imago cohort consists of specimens that emerged from nymphs in summer.
Popov AF, Simakova AI, Kiriakov VIu
… +4 more, Petukhova SA, Dadalova OB, Sokotun SA, Shapovalenko AM
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25812411
Eighteen cases of dengue fever were imported to the Primorye Territory in 2012-2013. The cases were related to visits to Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Of the 18 patients, 17 and 1 had classic and hemorrhagic dengue f...Eighteen cases of dengue fever were imported to the Primorye Territory in 2012-2013. The cases were related to visits to Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Of the 18 patients, 17 and 1 had classic and hemorrhagic dengue fever, respectively.
Varlamova AI, Arkhipov IA, Odoevskaia IM
… +4 more, Danilevskaia NV, Khalikov SS, Chistiachenko IuS, Dushkin AV
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25812410
The efficacy of a new fenbendazile formulation produced by nanotechnology-based drug delivery system was investigated in45 sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The formulation showed 95.6% efficacy a...The efficacy of a new fenbendazile formulation produced by nanotechnology-based drug delivery system was investigated in45 sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The formulation showed 95.6% efficacy against Nematodes spp. at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg dw of its active ingredient and 100% efficacy against other species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Given at a dose of 10 mg/kg dw, the basic drug--fenbendazole (substance) displayed 96.39 and 100% efficacy, respectively.
In 2010-2013, the quality of microscopic detection of the causative agents ofparasitic diseases in the feces has been assessed by the specialists of the laboratories of the therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions (TPIs...In 2010-2013, the quality of microscopic detection of the causative agents ofparasitic diseases in the feces has been assessed by the specialists of the laboratories of the therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions (TPIs) and Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, which are participants of the Federal System of External Quality Assessment of Clinical Laboratory Testing. Thirty-two specimens containing 16 species of human helminths and 4 species of enteric protozoa in different combinations were examined. The findings suggest that the quality of microscopic detection of the causative agents of parasitic diseases is low in the laboratories of health care facilities and that the specialists of the laboratories of TPIs and Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, do not not possess the knowledge and skills necessary to make a laboratory diagnosis of helminths and enteric protozoa. The average detection rates of helminths and protozoa were at a level of 64 and 36%, respectively. The correct results showed that the proportion of helminths and protozoa were 94.5 and 5.5%, respectively. According to the biological and epidemiological classification of helminths, there were higher detection rates for contact group parasites (Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana) and geohelminths (Ascaris, Trichuris trichiura, and others). Biohelminths (Opisthorchis, tapeworms, and others) Were detectable slightly worse.
Charushina IP, Fel'dblium IV, Aleksandrova GA
… +1 more, Balandina SIu
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25812406
The paper presents of laboratory studies of the environmental objects in the hematology unit of a multidisciplinary hospital for micromycetes. Its air was found to be highly contaminated with mold fungi (85.4 ± 5.5%). Th...The paper presents of laboratory studies of the environmental objects in the hematology unit of a multidisciplinary hospital for micromycetes. Its air was found to be highly contaminated with mold fungi (85.4 ± 5.5%). The structure of micromycetes showed a preponderance of the fungi Aspergillus (47%), Rhizopus (36%), Penicillium, and other species (17%). The air contamination rate was 15.6 ± 3.3 CFU/m3 and did not exceed the recommended thresholds. Yeast fungi were prevalent in washouts. The contamination rate of ward louvers was 12 and 4 times higher than that of bedside tables and door handles, respectively. The degree of micromycetes contamination of environmental objects in the hematology unit did not depend on the destination of rooms and the length of stay of hematology patients in them.
The paper gives the results of an investigation of platelet serotonin levels in patients with tick-borne encephalitis to determine a criterion for predicting the development of its to-wave course. Fifty-five patients wer...The paper gives the results of an investigation of platelet serotonin levels in patients with tick-borne encephalitis to determine a criterion for predicting the development of its to-wave course. Fifty-five patients were examined at the height of tick-borne encephalitis (in the first 2-4 days): Group 1 included 39 patients with a one-wave course of the disease; Group 2 consisted of 16 patients with its two-wave course. Platelet serotonin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Analysis of platelet serotonin levels could establish its lower value in the two-wave course (115.6 ± 36.2 ng/ml) than in the one-wave one (261.9 ± 96.8 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The significant difference between these types of tick-borne encephalitis and the calculation of the optimal cutoff value could propose this indicator as a predictor to detect the second wave of the infection.
Whether experimentally infected female rats can transmit Trichinella in utero and its invasion may affect the immunity of their offspring has been investigated. There is evidence that maternal antibodies have a significa...Whether experimentally infected female rats can transmit Trichinella in utero and its invasion may affect the immunity of their offspring has been investigated. There is evidence that maternal antibodies have a significant impact on the humoral immunity of the offspring and as a result on the number of Trichinella larvae accustomed in the muscles. Immune interlayer formation in the populations of carnivorous mammals in the endemic areas occurs due to reinvasions and passive transmission of maternal antibodies to the offspring. High-tension immunity in the population and animals contributes to a reduction in the onset of invasion and to a predominance of the subclinical course of the disease and asymptomatic carriage in a specific focus. Passive immunity transmitted from the Trichinella-infected mother to its offspring is of importance in the development of epidemic and epizootic processes in the natural and synanthropic foci of trichinosis.
Parasitological examination of the population of the Amur Region has revealed that the nanophyetiasis foci affecting as high as 28.4% of the people are being preserved and functioning now; at the same time the highest ra...Parasitological examination of the population of the Amur Region has revealed that the nanophyetiasis foci affecting as high as 28.4% of the people are being preserved and functioning now; at the same time the highest rates of infection with the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola schikhobalowi are seen in the dwellers of the populated areas situated on the banks of the mountain Amur tributaries. It has been ascertained that the major season when the population is infected with Nanophyetus is summer and its highest incidence are noted in autumn (November) after the active fishing season is completed. It has been found that infection occurs in infants and the maximum incidence is in the age group of 21-30 years (45.5%) and remains virtually the same in a middle-aged population [31-50 years (37.0-42.2%)], by decreasing slightly in the older age groups (18.2-21.7%). According to the questionnaire survey data, fish (90% of its species are an intermediate host for Nanophyetus) is a staple food in the population of the highest incidence rural areas. The major causes of Nanophyetus infection are the wide consumption of raw and low-salt fish and a low population awareness of measures to prevent helminthiasis, the transmission factor of which is fish.
The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, cytogenetic analysis, and investigation of egg exochorion have indicated that three representatives of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (su...The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, cytogenetic analysis, and investigation of egg exochorion have indicated that three representatives of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (subgenus Anopheles): An artemievi Gordeev et al., An. messeae Falleroni, and An. marinius Shingarev. An. messeae is a European-Siberian species that has extended the southern border of its habitat and has been distributed in the south of Kazakhstan and in the north of Kyrgyzstan. In, Kyrgyzstan, An. messeae inhabiting the plains of Europe and Siberia is encountered rather high up in the mountains: the highest point where this species is found is at 1,879 m above sea level. An. artemievi is present in the highland and piedmont regions of Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan, and northern Tajikistan) and in the intermountain basins (Naryn and Fergana ones). The single finding of this species is in south-eastern Turkmenistan. On the contrary, An. martinius tends to be in the plains and occurs in north-eastern Turkmenistan, Karakalpakstan, and Kazakhstan (Kzyl-Orda). On the other hand, a population of this species is found in proximity to the foothills of the Gissar Range in the east of Uzbekistan. An.maculipennis s.str. is not seen in Central Asia. Early evidence for the presence of both An. maculipennis s.str. and An. martinius in Kopet Dag (Southern Turkmenistan) is rather questionable. It is not improbable that these data are appropriate for either the newly described species An.persiensis or the scientifically new representative of the An. maculipennis complex.
The paper analyzes the change that occurred in the habitat of the causative agent of plague in its Gorno-Altaisk natural focus in 1961 to 2012. Since 1961 when the plague microbe was found to come from the southern slope...The paper analyzes the change that occurred in the habitat of the causative agent of plague in its Gorno-Altaisk natural focus in 1961 to 2012. Since 1961 when the plague microbe was found to come from the southern slopes of the Saylyugem mountain range, which are located in Mongolia, to the northern slopes situated in Russia, a gradual expansion of the habitat of Yersenia pestis subsp. altaica had commenced in South-Eastern Altai. During the considered period, the area where epizootic manifestations were registered showed an 11-fold increase. In most cases, the spread of the plague pathogen within the focus was natural and occurred in the successive and closely related settlements of Mongolian pikas (Ochotona pallasi). By now, the plague microbe has been widely distributed in three populations of this small animal, which inhabit the territory of South-Eastern Altai.
Based on climatic characteristics, the authors show that an invasive Aedes albopictus species is likely to emerge in new areas of the Russian Federation.Based on climatic characteristics, the authors show that an invasive Aedes albopictus species is likely to emerge in new areas of the Russian Federation.
The Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is creating a "Natural Focal Diseases" medical and geographical atlas of Russia. The paper considers the possibilities of the atlas to monitor and assess...The Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is creating a "Natural Focal Diseases" medical and geographical atlas of Russia. The paper considers the possibilities of the atlas to monitor and assess the epidemiological situation of a number of diseases. The atlas allows one to define a spectrum of the most epidemically significant natural focal diseases in Russia, to quantitatively characterize their incidence in the population, and to visualize it in a series of maps, to make a medical geographical analysis of the prevalence of the nosological entities of natural focal diseases in both individual subjects of the Russian Federation and in Russia as a whole. By using tick-borne encephalitis as an example, the authors consider approaches to analyzing the incidence of natural focal infections, by using different types of the maps given in the atlas.
The therapeutic activity of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal nocodazole injections was studied in albino mice with experimental E. granulosus invasion. The animals were intraperitoneally infected with Echinococcus larval...The therapeutic activity of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal nocodazole injections was studied in albino mice with experimental E. granulosus invasion. The animals were intraperitoneally infected with Echinococcus larval cysts (ELC) from a spontaneously inoculated sheep. Nocodazole aqueous suspension (NAS) was administered at the late stage of invasion in two experiments. In one experiment, the treatment was initiated 7.5 months after inoculation. The animals were given daily subcutaneous injections of gradually increasing daily doses (n = 32) from 5 to 20 mg/kg twice weekly for 4 months (the total active ingredient dose was 400 mg/kg). The mice were dissected 3 months after treatment termination. Their autopsy showed that all ELCs or their vast majority were dead in 17 (70.8%) of 24 NAS-treated mice. Among the completely cured mice, there were animals having dead ELCs amounting to 36.9% of the host's weight. In the other experiment, the mice received intraperitoneal treatment 11.5 months after inoculation. They were given NAS injections (n = 2-8) in the total active ingredient dose of 14-126 mg/kg for 4-32 days. The animals were dissected 12-14 months after inoculation. All the detected ELCs were ascertained to be dead in the mice that had received NAS in an active ingredient dose of 87-126 mg/kg and had been dissected 33-81 days after initiation of treatment. The damaging effect of NAS was accompanied by obvious ELC collapse (the ELC collapse index was 57.5-75.9% for all the cured animals).