The peculicidal activity of eight plant essential oils in 75% isopropyl alcohol was in vitro investigated. Of them, the substances that were most active against lice were tea tree (Melaleuca), eucalyptus, neem, citronell...The peculicidal activity of eight plant essential oils in 75% isopropyl alcohol was in vitro investigated. Of them, the substances that were most active against lice were tea tree (Melaleuca), eucalyptus, neem, citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oils; KT50 was not more than 3 minutes on average; KT95 was 4 minutes. After evaporating the solvent, only five (tea tree, cassia, clove, anise (Anisum vulgare), and Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) oils) of the eight test botanical substances were active against lice. At the same time, KT50 and KT95 showed 1.5-5-fold increases. Citronella and anise oils had incomplete ovicidal activity. Since the lice were permethrin-resistant, the efficacy of preparations based on essential oils was much higher than permethrin.
Tanygina EIu, Gordeev MI, Moskaev AV
… +1 more, Ganushkina LA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25296424
The species and karyotype composition of malaria mosquito larvae was investigated in different water reservoirs of the city of Moscow. Cytogenetic analysis identified 2 malaria mosquito species: An. maculipennis Mg and A...The species and karyotype composition of malaria mosquito larvae was investigated in different water reservoirs of the city of Moscow. Cytogenetic analysis identified 2 malaria mosquito species: An. maculipennis Mg and An. messeae Fall. An. messeae was predominant in all the biotopes studied. The proportion of An. maculipennis varied from 0 to 23.8% and averaged 6.27%. An. messeae larvae were found to have chromosomal polymorphism. Individual local An. messeae populations having a definite, historically established, time and space resistant karyotype structure were shown to form in Moscow. The resistance of the karyotype structure of the populations was provided by reversible fluctuations in the rate of chromosomal inversions.
The paper shows the informative value of changes in the serum levels of serotonin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in 44 patients in the acute period of tickborne encephalitis. Group 1 included 35 patients with no...The paper shows the informative value of changes in the serum levels of serotonin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in 44 patients in the acute period of tickborne encephalitis. Group 1 included 35 patients with non-paralytic neuroinfection; Group 2 comprised 9 patients with paralytic neuroinfection. The serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein increased and that of serotonin decreased in relation to the form and severity of the disease at its height. The elevated level of the former and the low concentration of the latter may serve as an early predictor of the development of a severe paralytic form. Investigating their serum concentrations should be included into an examination plan for patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis.
The authors attempted to analyze preventive measures against infectious and parasitic diseases, which were used domestically by the Perm Territory population, their conjugacy with the stereotypes of attitude towards dome...The authors attempted to analyze preventive measures against infectious and parasitic diseases, which were used domestically by the Perm Territory population, their conjugacy with the stereotypes of attitude towards domestic animals, as well as behavioral features of compliance andcompetence in the assurance of infection safety. The found gaps in the assurance of personal infection safety (drinking unboiled water, unprotected sex, disregard of helminth prevention in domestic animals, and unwillingness to go in for sports) are coherent with the epidemiological situation in the Perm Territory and to our clinical and laboratory study of the patients of the Perm Territory Children's Clinical Hospital in 2011. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to examine 10075 patients for helminths and protozoa; parasitic diseases were detected in 2047 (20.3%) persons. The diagnostic titer of antibodies to Toxocara antigens was revealed in 677 (11.8%) children of 5700 patients examined for toxocariasis; that for Opisthorchis antigens was in 595 (37.7%) of 1578 examined for Opisthorchis infestation. The diagnostic titers for echinococcosis was found in 9 (0.75%) of 1198 patients; later on the diagnosis of hydatid disease was verified by epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies. Despite the inadequate informative value of EIA for the diagnosis of giardiasis, high antibody titers to Lamblia antigens were detected in 766 (47.9%) of 1599 children.
Morozov EN, Supriaga VG, Rakova VM
… +2 more, Morozova LF, Zhukova LA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25296420
The clinical and diagnostic signs caused by the tissue location and migration of adult Dirofilaria in the human body determine the use of different methods for the diagnosis of dirofilariasis. During their investigations...The clinical and diagnostic signs caused by the tissue location and migration of adult Dirofilaria in the human body determine the use of different methods for the diagnosis of dirofilariasis. During their investigations, the authors modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR): they chose and synthesized primers and selected amplification regimens for them and obtained agarose gel bands that corresponded to PCR fragment length nucleotide sequences that were equal to 245 bp for D. (N.) repens and 656 bp for D. immitis. There was 100% agreement in the results of PCR and microscopic examination of sera from 32 dogs and 1 female patient with low parasitemia and in the blood nucleotide sequence characteristic of D. repens.
Serologic testing of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytotopic ehrlichiosis, showed the prevalence of these infections and the risk of mixed infection. The patients with tick-borne encephaliti...Serologic testing of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytotopic ehrlichiosis, showed the prevalence of these infections and the risk of mixed infection. The patients with tick-borne encephalitis were found to have its monoinfection and mixed infection in 66.1% and 33.9% of cases, respectively.
Prodeus TV, Zelia OP, Khlebnikova TA
… +1 more, Pikul' DA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25296418
The cases associated with the development of liver abscesses in a 64-year-old female patient after elective surgery for colon polyposis could form an opinion that extraenteric infection caused by Blastocystis spp. might...The cases associated with the development of liver abscesses in a 64-year-old female patient after elective surgery for colon polyposis could form an opinion that extraenteric infection caused by Blastocystis spp. might develop in the immunocompromised host. The development of Blastocystis spp. in the presence of disintegrated liver tissue and inflammatory cells was verified by microscopic examination of liver abscess aspirates. The Romanovsky-Giemsa stained specimens exhibited typical amoeboid, vacuolar and, what is particularly important, dividing forms of Blastocystis spp. The patients full recovery after timely combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and imidazole group preparations also indirectly argues for the etiological role of Blastocystis spp. in the development of liver abscess with the signs of changes in both lungs (the signs of right lung compression and bilateral hydrothorax). Physicians' awareness of the potential clinical significance of Blastocystis spp. in immunodeficient patients is sure to expand the range of differential diagnostic studies of patients infected with Blastocystis spp.. particularly in case of gastrointestinal tract diseases of unknown etiology.
Litvinov SK, Migliorini L, Chernikova EA
… +1 more, Lutsevich OA
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25296417
Global efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis have continued to progress with only 542 cases reported in 2012 versus almost 1 million cases in the 1980s when the initiative was launched. The disease is still endemic, but in...Global efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis have continued to progress with only 542 cases reported in 2012 versus almost 1 million cases in the 1980s when the initiative was launched. The disease is still endemic, but in only four countries: South Sudan (541 cases), Chad (10 cases), Mali (4 cases), and Ethiopia (4 cases). The International Commission for the Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradication declared that 180 countries were free of the disease by 2013. Dracunculiasis was first eradicated in the former USSR in 1931 when its last case was registered due to the successful implementation of a package of appropriate measures (case detection and management, vector control, and health education, including water filtration from open water sources and behavioral changes). These approaches were actively taken into account when developing the global strategy for dracunculiasis. The World Health Organization has set a goal to eradicate the disease by 2015. However, despite the fact that the global situation looks very optimistic, the time for completing the program will be most likely postponed due to a few operational challenges remaining in the still endemic countries, in South Sudan in particular.
Kondrashin AV, Baranova AM, Morozov EN
… +2 more, Morozova LF, Stepanova EV
Med Parazitol (Mosk)
· 2014 · PMID 25286554
The review presents the results of trials of the clinical efficacy of a test antimalarial drug for each malarial parasite species, which were published in 2000-2013 and supplemented by the data of in vitro studies or inv...The review presents the results of trials of the clinical efficacy of a test antimalarial drug for each malarial parasite species, which were published in 2000-2013 and supplemented by the data of in vitro studies or investigations using the molecular markers of resistance. There are data on the resistance of each medicament since many of the drugs are used in combination with artermisinin derivatives.
To enhance the efficiency of epidemiological surveillance by the countrywide use of current information telecommunication technologies, diagnostic systems based on monitoring is one of the tasks of the Russian Federal Se...To enhance the efficiency of epidemiological surveillance by the countrywide use of current information telecommunication technologies, diagnostic systems based on monitoring is one of the tasks of the Russian Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control in the control and prevention of parasitic diseases. The epidemiological surveillance system for parasitosis encompasses not only the monitoring and assessment of the situation, but also necessary measures if epidemic complications occur. Geographic information systems (GIS) may be successfully used for this purpose. GIS-based interactive health atlases have been created and put on the Internet and researches made.
The paper briefly reviews the current techniques for treatment for human clonorchiasis, which are both widely used in medical practice and developed at experimental research laboratories. It describes specific examples o...The paper briefly reviews the current techniques for treatment for human clonorchiasis, which are both widely used in medical practice and developed at experimental research laboratories. It describes specific examples of chemotherapy, including combined therapy, clonorchiasis vaccines and drug resistance. Particular emphasis is placed on the prospects of use of minor interfering RNA as a source of new-generation diagnostic and remedial agents.
In the context of theoretical analysis, the paper characterizes a specialist training system based on the biological component of the qualification characteristics and professional standard of preventive medicine special...In the context of theoretical analysis, the paper characterizes a specialist training system based on the biological component of the qualification characteristics and professional standard of preventive medicine specialists. Evidence is provided for the relationship between the components of the training system for preventive medicine specialists. The authors also specify the fact that the content of qualification characteristics and professional standards, besides general requirements, must take into account requirements for training the specialists in terms of natural and climatic and socioeconomic characteristics of regions.
Parasitological investigations of 529 specimens of 7 fish species from the water basins of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2009-2013 revealed the high extensity (11.7 to 100%) and intensity (as many as 9341 larvae per fish)...Parasitological investigations of 529 specimens of 7 fish species from the water basins of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2009-2013 revealed the high extensity (11.7 to 100%) and intensity (as many as 9341 larvae per fish) of invasion with N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria in salmonlike fishes from the mountain tributaries (Khor, Anyui, and Manoma) of the Amur river. The examined specimens of four salmonlike fish species (Thymallus tugarinae, Hucho taimen, Brachymystax tumensis and B. lenok) showed an increase in all indicators of infestation: invasion extensity (IE), invasion intensity (II), and abundance index (AI) with age. Moreover, IE peaked just in a 3-4-year-old fish (and in 1-year-old B. lenok) and further remained virtually unchanged. N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria accumulated in the fish trunk with age, by maintaining their viability. With very high II, practically 100% infestation in B. lenok makes the population run the maximum risk of Nanophyetus infection with the dietary intake of this fish species if it is not disinfected. Examination of the distribution of N. s. schikhobalowi metacercaria in the trunk of Thymallus tugarinae showed that over 50% of larvae were detectable in the kidneys. This peculiarity of their localization could propose a simple method to determine II for Nanophyetus larvae in salmonlike fishes. Recommendations for reducing the risk of human infection with trematodes are given.