Cognitive Neuropsychiatry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Does comprehensive cognitive remediation improve emotion perception?
Wright AC, McGurk SR, Shaya Y … +2 more , Feldman K, Mueser KT
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Sep · PMID 34180363 · Publisher ↗
Social cognition, including emotion perception, is impaired in people with serious mental illnesses (SMI), and is associated with cognitive and community functioning. Cognitive remediation can improve neurocognition, but...
Social cognition, including emotion perception, is impaired in people with serious mental illnesses (SMI), and is associated with cognitive and community functioning. Cognitive remediation can improve neurocognition, but the impact on emotion perception has been less well studied. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive remediation programme in improving emotion perception. Thirty-seven people with SMI and a history of difficulties obtaining employment were randomised to either vocational rehabilitation only, or vocational rehabilitation combined with cognitive remediation. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-treatment on a neurocognitive battery, work history, and emotion perception. The cognitive remediation group did not improve more than the vocational rehabilitation only group on either measure of emotion perception, despite significantly greater gains in cognitive functioning. Baseline emotion identification, but not discrimination, was significantly associated with cognition and work history. Despite associations between social and neurocognition, there was no evident transfer of cognitive gains to performance on measures of emotion perception. The findings, though limited by a small sample size, are important in expanding the research indicating that the effects of cognitive remediation tend to be limited to the specific cognitive domains targeted in the program.
Negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations: a natural language processing approach.
de Boer JN, Corona Hernández H, Gerritse F … +3 more , Brederoo SG, Wijnen FNK, Sommer IE
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2022 · PMID 34154512 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Negative content of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) is a strong predictor of distress and impairment. This paper quantifies emotional voice-content in order to explore both subjective (i.e. perceived)...
INTRODUCTION: Negative content of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) is a strong predictor of distress and impairment. This paper quantifies emotional voice-content in order to explore both subjective (i.e. perceived) and objectively (i.e. linguistic sentiment) measured negativity and investigates associations with distress. METHODS: Clinical and non-clinical participants with frequent AVH ( = 40) repeated and recorded their AVH verbatim directly upon hearing. The AVH were analyzed for emotional valence using Pattern, a rule-based sentiment analyzer for Dutch. The AVH of the clinical individuals were compared to those of non-clinical voice-hearers on emotional valence and associated with experienced distress. RESULTS: The mean objective valence of AVH in patients was significantly more negative than those of non-clinical voice-hearers. In the clinical individuals a larger proportion of the voice-utterances was negative (34.7% versus 18.4%) in objective valence. The linguistic valence of the AVH showed a significant, strong association with the perceived negativity, amount of distress and disruption of life, but not with the intensity of distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that AVH of patients have a more negative linguistic content than those of non-clinical voice-hearers, which is associated with the experienced distress. Thus, patients not only perceive their voices as more negative, objective analyses confirm this.
Imagine that: cholinesterase inhibitor treatment of complex visual hallucinations of unknown aetiology.
Salih Y, De Angelis A, Poole NA
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Sep · PMID 34142635 · Publisher ↗
Our objective is to highlight the value of the neurophenomenological classification of complex visual hallucinations (VHs). This approach enabled the authors to successfully treat VHs of uncertain aetiology with cholines...
Our objective is to highlight the value of the neurophenomenological classification of complex visual hallucinations (VHs). This approach enabled the authors to successfully treat VHs of uncertain aetiology with cholinesterase inhibitors because the content of the hallucinations suggested dysfunction in cholinergic modulated networks. We utilise the single case report to describe the nature and content of chronic VHs experienced by a 49-year-old woman following a prolonged admission to ITU. Despite extensive investigation, no clear cause was identified for these hallucinations and the patient did not respond to rationalisation of medications or trials of antipsychotics. We therefore adopted the neurophenomenological approach to classifying and treating her VHs. After several years of distressing visual hallucinations, a course of Rivastigmine was trialed despite no evidence suggestive of a Parkinsonian syndrome. Nevertheless, the patient reported a dose-effect response with significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of her hallucinations, almost to complete resolution. At present there is limited evidence about the medical management of visual hallucinations. This case report suggests that cholinesterase inhibitors may be of benefit, even in the absence of clear parkinsonsian features, if the form and content of the VHs suggest dysfunction in cholinergic modulated attentional networks.
Faux Pas Recognition Test: transcultural adaptation and evaluation of its psychometric properties in Brazil.
Watanabe RGS, Knochenhauer AE, Fabrin MA … +11 more , Siqueira HH, Martins HF, Oliveira Mello CD, Zingano BL, Botelho MF, Yacubian EMT, Oliveira Filho GR, Melo HM, Walz R, Wolf P, Lin K
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Sep · PMID 34132173 · Publisher ↗
Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders produce Theory of Mind impairment. We aimed to implement a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPRT) and evaluate its psychometric properti...
Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders produce Theory of Mind impairment. We aimed to implement a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPRT) and evaluate its psychometric properties. We first completed an English-Brazilian Portuguese translation and adaptation to obtain an FPRT Brazilian Portuguese version. We performed a multicentric study with 153 healthy participants (68.6% women), mean age of 38.8 years (SD = 14.6) and 12.9 years of schooling (SD = 4.5). Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of social class, age, schooling, and FPRT scores. The psychometric analyses comprised item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability, and validity analysis. Normative data in a Brazilian population is presented. A positive correlation of scores with years of schooling, social class, and an inverse relation with age was found. The exploratory factorial analysis found a two-component structure, one component, consisting of questions 1 through 6 ( 5.325) and another component, consisting of questions 7 and 8 ( 1.09). Cronbach's alpha of the 20 stories was .72. All control stories had a poor discriminative index. The FPRT Brazilian Portuguese version demonstrated good internal consistency and, psychometric properties and is adequate for use even in lower educational contexts in Brazil.
Modelling delusions as temporally-evolving beliefs.
Corlett PR, Fletcher P
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 34102951 · Publisher ↗
: Delusions demand an explanation in terms of their neural, psychological, and sociological mechanisms. We must bridge these levels of explanation in order to understand and ultimately treat delusions. To this end, debat...
: Delusions demand an explanation in terms of their neural, psychological, and sociological mechanisms. We must bridge these levels of explanation in order to understand and ultimately treat delusions. To this end, debates continue as to the number of contributing factors, how those factors interact, and their underlying computational mechanisms.: One popular family of models suggests that two separate insults are necessary, a problem with perception and an independent problem with belief. In particular, new work proposes that the belief problem entails a bias against disconfirmatory evidence - yielding the characteristic fixity of delusions. Here, we evaluate that claim, as well as explanations of delusions more broadly.: We suggest that such a bias may not explain enough of the variance in belief updating in delusional participants, and, more fundamentally, it might rule out specific accounts of delusions, since, such a bias might prevent them from forming in the first place, under particular assumptions about cognitive architectures.: We suggest conceptualising delusions as an evolving uncertainty driven negotiation between beliefs and evidence, in which initial formation is fuelled by unexpected uncertainty, but, once formed, the delusion engenders new expectations about uncertainty that tune down updating but also facilitate the elastic assimilation of contradictory evidence.
Anomalous self-experiences in cognition are negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia.
Trask CL, Matsui MM, Cohn JR … +2 more , Klaunig MJ, Cicero DC
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Sep · PMID 34058949 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) are disturbances in the subjective experience of the self and are common in people with schizophrenia. Theorists have suggested that ASEs may underlie the neurocognitive de...
INTRODUCTION: Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) are disturbances in the subjective experience of the self and are common in people with schizophrenia. Theorists have suggested that ASEs may underlie the neurocognitive deficits that are also common in people with schizophrenia; however, few studies have empirically investigated the relationship between these variables. Thus, the current study aimed to determine whether self-reported ASEs, particularly disturbances in cognitive or mental experiences, are meaningfully related to neurocognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS: 48 individuals with schizophrenia and 34 healthy comparison participants completed the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Experiences (IPASE), which is composed of five subscales including disturbances in cognition, and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). RESULTS: Participants with schizophrenia performed worse than controls on each MCCB domain and had higher ASE scores on the total IPASE and all five subscales. Only the IPASE-Cognition subscale was associated with cognitive performance. Specifically, IPASE-Cognition was negatively correlated with scores in attention, visual learning, reasoning, and working memory. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that self-reported subjective disturbances in cognition may be meaningfully associated with several objectively-measured domains of neurocognition. Severity of ASEs may therefore be an important consideration when analysing the extent of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Behavioural effects of the insertion/deletion polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease depend upon stratification according to -ϵ4 carrier status.
Oliveira FF, de Almeida SS, Smith MC … +1 more , Bertolucci PHF
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 34034613 · Publisher ↗
The inherited risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically determined. We aimed to examine associations of genetic variants of and with age at AD onset and with neuropsychiatric symptoms according to each...
The inherited risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically determined. We aimed to examine associations of genetic variants of and with age at AD onset and with neuropsychiatric symptoms according to each dementia stage. Consecutive outpatients with AD were assessed for demographic features, Clinical Dementia Rating scores, and the 10-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and genotyped for rs7412 and rs429358 ( haplotypes, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reactions), and the insertion/deletion polymorphism (Polymerase Chain Reactions). Combined genetic variants of and were associated with age at dementia onset, and with neuropsychiatric symptoms in each dementia stage (adjusted for sex and age at dementia onset). Over two-thirds of the 238 patients were women, whereas the mean age at dementia onset was 73.82 ± 6.2 years-old. -ϵ4/ϵ4 carriers had earlier dementia onset (<.001). The insertion/deletion polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (=.37) but was not associated with age at dementia onset, regardless of -ϵ4 carrier status. The only results that survived corrections for false discovery rates were higher scores of dysphoria for -ϵ4 carriers (=122) who also carried deletion/deletion (=.031). No results survived corrections for false discovery rates for -ϵ4 non-carriers (=116). Though only the -ϵ4/ϵ4 haplotype affected AD onset, effects of the insertion/deletion polymorphism over behavioural features might differ according to -ϵ4 carrier status in genetic associations.
Auditory verbal hallucinations and childhood trauma subtypes across the psychosis continuum: a cluster analysis.
Begemann MJH, Sommer IE, Brand RM … +8 more , Oomen PP, Jongeneel A, Berkhout J, Molenaar RE, Wielage NN, Toh WL, Rossell SL, Bell IH
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2022 · PMID 33980128 · Publisher ↗
A strong link between voice-hearing experience and childhood trauma has been established. The aim of this study was to identify whether there were unique clusters of childhood trauma subtypes in a sample across the clini...
A strong link between voice-hearing experience and childhood trauma has been established. The aim of this study was to identify whether there were unique clusters of childhood trauma subtypes in a sample across the clinical spectrum of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and to examine clinical and phenomenological features across these clusters. Combining two independent international datasets (the Netherlands and Australia), childhood trauma subtypes were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical and phenomenological characteristics were compared across emerging clusters using MANOVA and chi-squared analyses. The total sample ( = 413) included 166 clinical individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVH, 122 non-clinical individuals with AVH and 125 non-clinical individuals without AVH. Three clusters emerged: (1) low trauma ( = 299); (2) emotion-focused trauma ( = 71); (3) multi-trauma ( = 43). The three clusters differed significantly on their AVH ratings of amount of negative content, with trend-level effects for loudness, degree of negative content and degree of experienced distress. Furthermore, perceptions of voices being malevolent, benevolent and resistance towards voices differed significantly. The data revealed different types of childhood trauma had different relationships between clinical and phenomenological features of voice-hearing experiences. Thus, implicating different mechanistic pathways and a need for tailored treatment approaches.
The relationships between cognitive control and psychological symptoms in patients with somatic symptom disorder: a pilot longitudinal study.
Jang YE, Jang Y, Choi HY … +1 more , Park HY
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 33975523 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The present study explored how neurocognitive function correlated with the clinical symptoms of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) by evaluating changes in cognitive abilities according to differences in releva...
INTRODUCTION: The present study explored how neurocognitive function correlated with the clinical symptoms of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) by evaluating changes in cognitive abilities according to differences in relevant factors. METHODS: A total of 44 patients with SSD and 30 healthy controls completed tests assessing various neurocognitive domains, including verbal memory, psychomotor speed, executive function, working memory, and sustained and divided attention. They also completed questionnaires for psychological assessment. The same tests and questionnaires were completed by 26 SSD patients 6 months later. RESULTS: The SSD patients had significantly lower scores on the attentional and verbal memory tests than did the healthy controls. Performance on the attentional test was significantly associated with the level of somatic symptoms and anxiety. The follow-up assessment results of the SSD patients revealed improved performance on the verbal learning and fluency tests as well as improvements in somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression. It was also observed that changes in verbal learning and attentional functions were significantly associated with improvements in somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that neurocognitive dysfunctions are subtle and not specific to SSD, but certain cognitive functions may be related to the clinical symptoms and improvements of patients with SSD.
Cognitive performance and lifetime cannabis use in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Hájková M, Knížková K, Siroňová A … +5 more , Keřková B, Jonáš J, Šustová P, Dorazilová A, Rodriguez M
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 33973827 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is among the core features of schizophrenia. In a healthy population, the cognitive deficit is often linked with cannabis abuse, and although the same would be expected in patients with...
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is among the core features of schizophrenia. In a healthy population, the cognitive deficit is often linked with cannabis abuse, and although the same would be expected in patients with schizophrenia, research has presented contradictory results. METHODS: Participants were patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) spectrum disorder who had been lifetime cannabis users ( = 30), FES non-users ( = 53) as well as healthy controls (HC) also divided into cannabis users ( = 20) and non-users ( = 49). All participants underwent an extensive neurocognitive assessment and filled in a cannabis questionnaire, which allowed for a comparison of the four groups on cognitive functioning. RESULTS: FES patients using cannabis showed less impaired cognitive functioning with the most prominent difference in visual memory compared to FES non-users. However, they differed neither in the clinical assessment of general psychopathology, positive and negative symptoms, nor in medication from the patient's non-users. A comparison of the HC who used cannabis, and those who did not, revealed no sizeable differences in cognitive performance between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results delivered supporting evidence for the trend of superior neurocognitive performance in FES patients with a lifetime history of cannabis use compared to non-using patients.
Autistic traits as a potential confounding factor in the relationship between schizotypy and conspiracy beliefs.
Georgiou N, Delfabbro P, Balzan R
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 33970807 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Conspiracy Theories (CT) are complex belief systems that view the world as being manipulated by multiple actors collaborating in the pursuit of malevolent goals. Although culture, education and sociological f...
BACKGROUND: Conspiracy Theories (CT) are complex belief systems that view the world as being manipulated by multiple actors collaborating in the pursuit of malevolent goals. Although culture, education and sociological factors have been implicated in their development, psychological factors are recognized as important. Certain individual differences, including schizotypy and cognitive processing style, have been shown to make some individuals susceptible to CTs. However, the finding that schizotypy often co-occurs with autism spectrum disorder raises a question as to the relative and potentially confounding role of autistic traits in increasing vulnerability to CT beliefs. METHOD: A total of 508 adults were recruited from an international online panel. The study included measures of conspiracy beliefs, schizotypy and autistic traits as well as measures of information searching and cognitive style. RESULTS: The results confirmed that both autistic and schizotypy traits were positively associated with CT beliefs, but that schizotypy traits were the strongest predictor. Exploratory analyses of cognitive style measures indicated potential avenues for further investigation in relation in differences in cognitive processes that might underlie the development of CTs for in people with autistic traits as opposed to schizotypal traits. LIMITATIONS: The study was based on a self-report methodology and did not utilise a clinical sample. CONCLUSION: Both schizotypal and autistic traits are reliable predictors of conspiracy beliefs, but schizotypy appears to be the stronger predictor and that autistic traits are not a strong confounding factor in this relationship. However, autistic traits may pose an additional risk factor for CT beliefs.
Failure of hypothesis evaluation as a factor in delusional belief.
Coltheart M, Davies M
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jul · PMID 33874847 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In accounts of the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor in this theory has been referred to only in the most general terms, as a failure in the processes of hypothesis evaluation, with...
INTRODUCTION: In accounts of the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor in this theory has been referred to only in the most general terms, as a failure in the processes of hypothesis evaluation, with no attempt to characterise those processes in any detail. Coltheart and Davies ([2021]. How unexpected observations lead to new beliefs: A Peircean pathway. , , 103037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.103037) attempted such a characterisation, proposing a detailed eight-step model of how unexpected observations lead to new beliefs based on the concept of abductive inference as introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce. METHODS: In this paper, we apply that model to the explanation of various forms of delusional belief. RESULTS: We provide evidence that in cases of delusion there is a specific failure of the seventh step in our model: the step at which predictions from (delusional) hypotheses are considered in the light of relevant evidence. CONCLUSIONS: In the two-factor theory of delusional belief, the second factor consists of a failure to reject hypotheses in the face of disconfirmatory evidence.
Tackling hyperarousal: an integrative multimodal approach.
Krupnik V
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 May · PMID 33757407 · Publisher ↗
The effectiveness of treatment for PTSD is limited, which is especially true for war veterans, of whom 30-50% do not respond to therapy. Hyperarousal is central to the maintenance of trauma pathology. The mainstream trau...
The effectiveness of treatment for PTSD is limited, which is especially true for war veterans, of whom 30-50% do not respond to therapy. Hyperarousal is central to the maintenance of trauma pathology. The mainstream trauma-focused therapies traditionally target the cognitive processing of traumatic experience. In this article, we propose that these therapies may be enhanced by the inclusion of interventions specifically targeting hyperarousal. We review an earlier formulated model of trauma supporting our proposal. This model is based on a theory of trauma that integrates the concept of allostasis with the predictive processing framework. In this view, trauma is considered a maladaptive stress response guided by false inference. The reviewed model is in agreement with the central role of hyperarousal in the maintenance of trauma-induced disorders. It also demonstrates the importance of targeting hyperarousal at the same time as maladaptive cognitions and behaviours associated with trauma. A treatment for PTSD is proposed that combines exposure to trauma-related cues with neurofeedback-mediated regulation of arousal. Our analysis argues for the integration of hyperarousal-targeting interventions into existing therapies. Accordingly, we offer methodological considerations based on the nested hierarchy principle that can guide such integration.
Bottom-up processing of fearful and angry facial expressions is intact in schizophrenia.
Caruana N, Seymour K
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 May · PMID 33752551 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Judgments of emotion from faces are reportedly impaired in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this is due to a top-down cognitive deficit in sensory information or a fundamental bottom-up pertur...
INTRODUCTION: Judgments of emotion from faces are reportedly impaired in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this is due to a top-down cognitive deficit in sensory information or a fundamental bottom-up perturbation in the early stages of face encoding. This study examined whether deficits in emotion processing reflect imprecision in the initial preconscious registration of emotional face expressions within the visual system. METHODS: Using continuous flash suppression (CFS), we presented participants (18 patients with schizophrenia, 8M/10F; 20 healthy controls, 13M/7F) with fearful and angry faces. Previous CFS research on healthy participants reveals that fearful facial expressions gain privileged access to awareness over angry faces-demonstrating the visual system's ability to discriminate these emotions at a preconscious level. We used this same approach to probe the integrity of early emotion encoding whilst minimising the potential contribution of any top-down cognitive biases on perceptual judgments. RESULTS: In both groups, fearful faces were perceived faster than angry faces, with no differences observed between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Emotion processing difficulties in schizophrenia are unlikely to reflect an early sensory deficit, but rather a deficit in social cognition that has a top-down impact on the conscious evaluation of facial expressions.
Impaired pain empathic abilities among patients with functional dyspepsia.
Hu X, Zhang S, Wu L … +5 more , Fan Y, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhang L, Tian Y
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 May · PMID 33730969 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Brain structure or functioning abnormality in regions such as insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with functional dyspepsia (FD) and pain empathy, but the relationship between FD and pa...
INTRODUCTION: Brain structure or functioning abnormality in regions such as insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with functional dyspepsia (FD) and pain empathy, but the relationship between FD and pain empathy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the pain empathic abilities of FD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and investigate the association of pain empathy with clinical characteristics and quality of life of FD patients. METHODS: Pain empathic abilities was measured in 30 FD patients and 30 HCs using a validated pain empathy paradigm. Demographic characteristics, Helicobacter pylori status, duration, dyspeptic symptom score and Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index (NDLQI) were obtained from all patients. RESULTS: FD patients scored higher than HCs when rating painful pictures, but the accuracy for painful pictures was significantly lower than HCs. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation between NDLQI and pain rating scores for painful pictures. When sex, age, educational level, the number of complaints, duration, infection and NDLQI were included in multiple linear regression analysis, NDLQI was independently associated with pain ratings. CONCLUSIONS: FD patients showed abnormally enhanced pain empathic abilities, which may be associated with the severity of symptoms and quality of life.
The effect of effort-reward imbalance on brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits.
Yan YJ, Huang J, Lui SSY … +3 more , Cheung EFC, Madsen KH, Chan RCK
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 May · PMID 33706673 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) is a typical psychosocial stress. Schizotypal traits are attenuated features of schizophrenia in the general population. According to the diathesis-stress model, schizotypal tr...
INTRODUCTION: Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) is a typical psychosocial stress. Schizotypal traits are attenuated features of schizophrenia in the general population. According to the diathesis-stress model, schizotypal traits and psychosocial stress contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. However, few studies examined the effects of these factors on brain alterations. This study aimed to examine relationships between ERI, schizotypal traits and brain structures and functions. METHODS: We recruited 37 (13 male, 24 female) participants with high levels of schizotypal traits and 36 (12 male, 24 female) participants with low levels of schizotypal traits by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The Chinese school version of the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (C-ERI-S) was used to measure ERI. We conducted the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis using reward or stress-related regions as seeds. RESULTS: Participants with high levels of schizotypal traits were more likely to perceive ERI. The severity of ERI was correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) reduction of the left pallidum and altered rsFC among the prefrontal, striatum and cerebellum in participants with high levels of schizotypal traits. CONCLUSION: ERI is associated with GMV reduction and altered rsFC in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits.
High emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval in women with Korsakoff syndrome.
El Haj M, Nandrino JL, Kessels RPC … +1 more , Ndobo A
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Mar · PMID 33563089 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. METHOD: We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical...
INTRODUCTION: In this exploratory study, we investigated gender differences regarding autobiographical memory in KS. METHOD: We invited 33 patients with KS and 35 matched control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and, afterward, to rate mental time travel during retrieval, emotional value and importance of memories. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated lower specificity (i.e., lower ability to retrieve memories situated in a specific time and space), mental time travel, and importance in patients with KS compared to control participants. Analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between patients with KS and control participants regarding emotion. Critically, analysis demonstrated no significant differences neither women and men with KS, nor between women and men in the control group, regarding autobiographical specificity, mental time travel, or importance. However, women with KS attributed higher emotional value for memories compared to men with KS, and the same results were observed in the control group. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that the higher emotional experience during autobiographical retrieval, as observed in the general population, can also be observed in KS.
Electroconvulsive therapy related autobiographical amnesia: a review and case report.
Lomas M, Rickard V, Milton F … +3 more , Savage S, Weir A, Zeman A
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Mar · PMID 33467984 · Publisher ↗
While short-term cognitive impairment following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is well described and acknowledged, the relationship between ECT and persistent memory impairment, particularly of autobiographical memory,...
While short-term cognitive impairment following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is well described and acknowledged, the relationship between ECT and persistent memory impairment, particularly of autobiographical memory, has been controversial. We describe the case of a 70-year-old consultant neurophysiologist, AW, who developed prominent, selective autobiographical memory loss following two courses of ECT for treatment-resistant depression. His performance on standard measures of IQ, semantic and episodic memory, executive function and mood was normal, while he performed significantly below controls on measures of episodic autobiographical memory. Explanations in terms of mood-related memory loss and somatoform disorder appear unlikely. We relate AW's autobiographical memory impairment, following his ECT, to reports of similar autobiographical memory impairment occurring in the context of epilepsy, and emphasise the importance of using sensitive approaches to AbM assessment.
Deficits in maintenance and interference control of working memory in major depression: evidence from the visuospatial change detection task.
Li X, Chen XL, Zhang YT … +4 more , Li RT, Bai HP, Lui SSY, Chan RCK
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Mar · PMID 33412994 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Recent theories in cognitive psychology suggest that working memory (WM) processing involves a set of specific functions, in particular the WM functions of maintenance and interference control. Previous fin...
INTRODUCTION: Recent theories in cognitive psychology suggest that working memory (WM) processing involves a set of specific functions, in particular the WM functions of maintenance and interference control. Previous findings on WM impairments in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) had been inconsistent, partly because earlier studies did not take into account these two different functions of WM. METHOD: Forty-two participants with MDD and 39 controls completed the visuospatial change detection task. We estimated the WM function of maintenance, based on performance in trials using the targets only, and the WM function of interference control, based on performance in trials with distractor rectangles. RESULTS: Our results showed that participants with MDD had poorer WM function of maintenance and interference control than controls. However, the results of filtering efficiency did not show significant group difference, thus patients with MDD showed comparable impairments in WM function of maintanance as well as in WM function of interference control. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that patients with MDD appear to show generalised impairments on visuospatial WM function of maintenance and interference control. Future studies should use refined paradigms to assess the different functions of WM and their distinctive contributions to symptomatology of depression.
The intentionality bias in schizotypy: a social matter.
Roodenrys S, Barkus E, Woolrych TJ … +2 more , Miller LM, Favelle SK
Cogn Neuropsychiatry · 2021 Jan · PMID 33403932 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the association between schizotypy and intentionality bias, the tendency to interpret ambiguous actions as being intentional, for social and non-social actions separately. This bias...
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the association between schizotypy and intentionality bias, the tendency to interpret ambiguous actions as being intentional, for social and non-social actions separately. This bias contributes to interpersonal difficulties, and has been associated with psychotic symptoms, such as delusions. However, results have been inconsistent for an association between putative psychosis proneness, schizotypy, and intentionality bias. Further, the multidimensional nature of schizotypy has not been considered. Agreeableness was measured to examine the specificity of the relationship, and inhibition to examine its potential role as a mediator. METHODS: Two online studies are reported ( = 280 and = 163) in which participants made intentionality judgements about ambiguous actions described in sentences. They also completed questionnaire measures of schizotypy and agreeableness, and inhibitory efficiency (a sentence completion task). RESULTS: Schizotypy was associated with perceiving ambiguous actions as intentional, particularly in social contexts, after controlling for agreeableness. The association with social intentionality was stronger for schizotypy subscales capturing paranoia and unusual beliefs. Inhibitory efficiency as not a significant predictor of intentionality bias. CONCLUSION: These finding suggest intentionality biases for social and non-social events are distinguishable. In relation to schizotypy, social situations appear to generate perceptions of intentionality. Intentionality bias represents a phenotypic cognitive risk for psychosis which should be further investigated.
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