Mehata AK, Viswanadh MK, Priya V
… +2 more, Vikas, Muthu MS
Future Virol
· 2021 Jul · PMID 34447458
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COVID-19 is an infectious and highly contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The immunotherapy strategy has a great potential to develop a permanent cure against COVID-19. Innate immune cells are in constant motion to s...COVID-19 is an infectious and highly contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The immunotherapy strategy has a great potential to develop a permanent cure against COVID-19. Innate immune cells are in constant motion to scan molecular alteration to cells led by microbial infections throughout the body and helps in clearing invading viruses. Harnessing immunological targets for removing viral infection, generally based on the principle of enhancing the T-cell and protective immune responses. Currently-approved COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA encapsulated in liposomes that stimulate the host immune system to produce antibodies. Given the vital role of innate immunity, harnessing these immune responses opens up new hope for the generation of long-lasting and protective immunity against COVID-19.
Future Virol
· 2021 Jul · PMID 34306168
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SARS-CoV-2, an emerging betacoronavirus, is the causative agent of COVID-19. Currently, there are few specific and selective antiviral drugs for the treatment and vaccines to prevent contagion. However, their long-term e...SARS-CoV-2, an emerging betacoronavirus, is the causative agent of COVID-19. Currently, there are few specific and selective antiviral drugs for the treatment and vaccines to prevent contagion. However, their long-term effects can be revealed after several years, and new drugs for COVID-19 should continue to be investigated. In the first step of our study we identified, through a gene expression analysis, several drugs that could act on the biological pathways altered in COVID-19. In the second step, we performed a docking simulation to test the properties of the identified drugs to target SARS-CoV-2. The drugs that showed a higher binding affinity are bardoxolone (-8.78 kcal/mol), irinotecan (-8.40 kcal/mol) and pyrotinib (-8.40 kcal/mol). We suggested some drugs that could be efficient in treating COVID-19.
Ghare Naz MS, Banaei M, Dashti S
… +1 more, Tehrani FR
Future Virol
· 2021 Jul · PMID 34306167
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Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Based on the literature review,...Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Based on the literature review, the crosstalk between SexHs (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone), their receptors (estrogen α and β, androgen, and progesterone) and the immune system shaped the sex-related differences in immune responses against COVID-19. Differential production of SexHs over the lifespan (during pregnancy, reproductive years, menopause and andropause) and over different seasons may result in disparities in body response toward COVID-19. Moreover, SexHs-specific differences might affect vaccine efficacy and response to treatment. The roles of SexHs need to be considered in vaccine development and even treatment of COVID-19.
Future Virol
· 2021 Jul · PMID 34306166
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SARS-CoV-2 caused more than 3.8 million deaths according to the WHO. In this urgent circumstance, we aimed at screening out potential inhibitors targeting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. An in-house carboline and quino...SARS-CoV-2 caused more than 3.8 million deaths according to the WHO. In this urgent circumstance, we aimed at screening out potential inhibitors targeting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. An in-house carboline and quinoline database including carboline, quinoline and their derivatives was established. A virtual screening in carboline and quinoline database, 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculations were carried out. The top 12 molecules were screened out preliminarily. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area ranking showed that p59_7m, p12_7e, p59_7k stood out with the lowest binding energies of -24.20, -17.98, -17.67 kcal/mol, respectively. The study provides powerful results that indicate the selected molecules are valuable for further evaluation as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.
Future Virol
· 2021 Jun · PMID 34290823
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Novel COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease that is caused by the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2. It is a fast-spreading disease that urgently requires therapeutics. The current study employed computational regression...Novel COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease that is caused by the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2. It is a fast-spreading disease that urgently requires therapeutics. The current study employed computational regression methods to target the ADP-ribose phosphatase (ADRP) domain of Nsp3 using FDA-approved drugs. Identified leads were further investigated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The screening and MDS results suggest that trifluperidol could be a novel inhibitor of the ADRP domain of Nsp3. Trifluperidol could, therefore, be used to help control the spread of COVID-19, either alone or in combination with antiviral agents.
Mahmud S, Elfiky AA, Amin A
… +4 more, Mohanto SC, Rahman E, Acharjee UK, Saleh A
Future Virol
· 2021 Jun · PMID 34290822
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The newly emerged human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had begun to spread last year and sparked worldwide. In this study, molecular docking is utilized to test some previously approved drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructur...The newly emerged human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had begun to spread last year and sparked worldwide. In this study, molecular docking is utilized to test some previously approved drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15). We screened 23 drugs, from which three (saquinavir, valrubicin and aprepitant) show a paramount predicted binding affinity (-9.1, -9.6 and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively) against SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15. Moreover, saquinavir and aprepitant make nonbonded interactions with Leu201 in the active site cavity of Nsp15, while the drug valrubicin interacts with Arg199 and Leu201. This binding pattern may be effective against the targeted protein, leading to Nsp15 blockage and virus abolition. Additionally, the pharmacological properties of the screened drugs are known since they have been approved against different viruses.
Chen C, Zhou W, Fan W
… +4 more, Ning X, Yang S, Lei Z, Zheng C
Future Virol
· 2021 Jun · PMID 34290821
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COVID-19 is a major threat to public health worldwide. A large proportion of COVID-19 patients is proved to develop anemia. Herein, we investigate the association between anemia and severe pneumonia. 137 of COVID-19-con...COVID-19 is a major threat to public health worldwide. A large proportion of COVID-19 patients is proved to develop anemia. Herein, we investigate the association between anemia and severe pneumonia. 137 of COVID-19-confirmed patients admitted to Wuhan Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 13 February to 17 March 2020 were included. Their clinical characteristics and laboratory data were studied, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. The anemic patients were less likely to develop fever in the early stage of COVID-19. Elevated IL-6 levels were found in anemic COVID-19 patients compared with those without anemia. COVID-19 patients with anemia had an 8.2 times greater possibility of developing severe pneumonia compared with their counterparts without anemia. This study comprehensively describes the clinical characteristics of anemic patients with ordinary, severe and critical COVID-19 and demonstrates the close relationship between the anemia and severe COVID-19.
Future Virol
· 2021 May · PMID 34194534
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One of the many mutations that have occurred in the viral genome is the V483A mutation, which is a part of the receptor-binding motif present in the S1 domain of the spike protein. V483A mutant virus is popular in North...One of the many mutations that have occurred in the viral genome is the V483A mutation, which is a part of the receptor-binding motif present in the S1 domain of the spike protein. V483A mutant virus is popular in North America with 36 cases so far and frequently occurring in recent days. This review compares the wild-type and the V483A mutants to analyze certain factors like the interaction between the virus and host-cell interface, binding affinity, stability, partition energy, hydrophobicity, occurrence rate and transmissibility. This information can be of monumental importance in vaccine and drug development since the mutants can become resistant to the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
Future Virol
· 2021 Jun · PMID 34181704
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COVID-19 is a respiratory infection similar to viral pneumonia and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine make up the major part of the treatment regimen for the management of COVID-19 infections, wh...COVID-19 is a respiratory infection similar to viral pneumonia and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine make up the major part of the treatment regimen for the management of COVID-19 infections, which are also commonly used in treatment of patients with malaria as well as autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we analyzed the scientific evidences pertaining to any possible association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with RA. We thus believe that people predisposed to RA carry a higher infection risk than the general population both due to the iatrogenic effects of the RA related drug therapy. Thus COVID-19 pandemic may bring a higher risk of health emergency in complex diseases such as RA.
Peng L, Khan S, Ali A
… +4 more, Ahmed S, Ali L, Han G, Jing Y
Future Virol
· 2021 May · PMID 34181703
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Limited details are available regarding the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. The authors' current study aimed to report the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in...Limited details are available regarding the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. The authors' current study aimed to report the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in a woman pregnant with twins. The authors report the case of a 27-year-old woman infected with SARS-CoV-2. The patient was pregnant with dichorionic diamniotic fraternal twins and admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. After undergoing a cesarean section, the patient gave birth to premature twins, who tested positive for COVID-19 infection. Findings from this case suggest a possibility of intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in a woman infected with COVID-19.
Mohebbi A, Askari FS, Sammak AS
… +2 more, Ebrahimi M, Najafimemar Z
Future Virol
· 2021 May · PMID 34099962
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Virus spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is a good target for drug discovery. To examine the potential for druggability of spike protein for pharmacophore-based drug discovery and to investigate the binding affinity of na...Virus spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is a good target for drug discovery. To examine the potential for druggability of spike protein for pharmacophore-based drug discovery and to investigate the binding affinity of natural products with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Druggable cavities were searched though CavityPlus. A pharmacophore was built and used for hit identification. Autodock Vina was used to evaluate the hits' affinities. 10 chemical derivatives were also made from the chemical backbone to optimize the lead compound. 10 druggable cavities were found within the glycoprotein spike. Only one cavity with the highest score at the binding site was selected for pharmacophore extraction. Hit identification resulted in the identification of 410 hits. This study provides a druggable region within viral glycoprotein and a candidate compound to block viral entry.
Cui R, Zhu Y, Wang Y
… +4 more, Chen XH, Li Q, Dai SM, Tong Q
Future Virol
· 2021 May · PMID 34055031
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Coronavirus disease 2019 is a life-threatening disease and how to improve survival of the patients is of great importance. To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) shows favorable results in coronavirus disease 2019 patie...Coronavirus disease 2019 is a life-threatening disease and how to improve survival of the patients is of great importance. To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) shows favorable results in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. A retrospective study of four patients who received TCZ was conducted from 19 February to 31 March 2020 at Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China. Clinical data of patients were compared before and after the administration of the agent. There was not much difference in the clinical feature improvements and computed tomography images after TCZ administration in two mild patients. The other two severe patients died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively. Administration of TCZ was not shown a favorable outcome in this preliminary uncontrolled case series.
Guo JJ, Yu YH, Ma XY
… +6 more, Liu YN, Fang Q, Qu P, Guo J, Lou JL, Wang YJ
Future Virol
· 2020 Oct · PMID 33576582
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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had serious repercussions worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a new kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared with s...The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had serious repercussions worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a new kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared with similar detection kit. A total of 500 subjects were included and tested with both the new test and control kits. Clinical diagnosis results were taken as the reference standard. Compared with clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of the test kit was 82.64%, specificity was 98.45% and total coincidence rate was 90.80%. The total coincidence rate, sensitivity and specificity between control kit and clinical diagnosis were 89.20%, 78.10% and 99.61%, respectively. The new kit was comparable to the similar detection kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sensitivity, specificity and total coincidence rate.
Future Virol
· 2020 Nov · PMID 33343684
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Despite the global burden, there is no licensed vaccine for RSV. Recent advances in t...Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Despite the global burden, there is no licensed vaccine for RSV. Recent advances in the use of nanoparticle technology have provided new opportunities to address some of the limitations of conventional vaccines. Precise control over particle size and surface properties enhance antigen stability and prolong antigen release. Particle size can also be modified to target specific antigen-presenting cells in order to induce specific types of effector T-cell responses. Numerous nanoparticle-based vaccines are currently being evaluated for RSV including inorganic, polymeric and virus-like particle-based formulations. Here, we review the potential advantages of using different nanoparticle formulations in a vaccine for RSV, and discuss many examples of safe, and effective vaccines currently in both preclinical and clinical stages of testing.
Future Virol
· 2020 Nov · PMID 33343683
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Immune memory cells residing in previously infected, nonlymphoid tissues play a role in immune surveillance. In the event that circulating antibodies fail to prevent virus spread to the tissues in a secondary infection,...Immune memory cells residing in previously infected, nonlymphoid tissues play a role in immune surveillance. In the event that circulating antibodies fail to prevent virus spread to the tissues in a secondary infection, these memory cells provide an essential defense against tissue reinfection. CNS tissues are isolated from circulating immune cells and antibodies by the blood-brain barrier, making the presence of tissue-resident immune memory cells particularly needed to combat recurrent infection by neurotropic viruses. Wild-type and laboratory-engineered rabies viruses are neurotropic, differ in pathogenicity, and have varying effects on BBB functions. These viruses have proven invaluable tools in demonstrating the importance of tissue-resident immune memory cells in the reinfection of CNS tissues. Only Type 1 immune memory is effective at therapeutically clearing a secondary infection with wild-type rabies viruses from the CNS and does so despite the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity.
Future Virol
· 2020 Oct · PMID 33250929
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The liver is home to five known human hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A virus-hepatitis E virus). Despite being phylogenetically unrelated, these viruses replicate and spread in the liver without causing apparent cytopathic...The liver is home to five known human hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A virus-hepatitis E virus). Despite being phylogenetically unrelated, these viruses replicate and spread in the liver without causing apparent cytopathic effects, and all have evolved strategies to counteract antibody-mediated inhibition of virus spread. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the spread mechanisms for these viruses with an attempt to extract common principles and identify key questions for future studies.