Infectious Disorders Drug Targets[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Global Strategies for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.
Kumar P, Gulati P, Thakur M … +1 more , Kamal R
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 Oct · PMID 41088910 · Publisher ↗
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly threatening the lives of many people, as antibiotics, vital for managing infectious diseases, are no longer as effective. The widespread and inappropriate use of antimicrobi...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly threatening the lives of many people, as antibiotics, vital for managing infectious diseases, are no longer as effective. The widespread and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in humans, farming, and animal breeding is a major driver of AMR. This study carefully investigates how global cooperation can help control the impact of AMR, primarily by reviewing international policies, partnerships, and strategies against resistant mi-croorganisms. According to our research, global efforts that combine improved surveillance, the pru-dent use of antibiotics, and greater access to healthcare are key to combating the AMR crisis. These efforts underscore the need for increased commitment and action from all countries, particularly those with limited resources. Additionally, the study supports the establishment of robust global monitoring systems, increased funding for research and development of new antimicrobial agents, and raising public awareness. These steps are essential for creating a coordinated and effective global response to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
Strategic Directions for Addressing Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India.
Singh M, Kumar S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 41088909 · Publisher ↗
Recent reports indicate an increase in HMPV circulation, which may impact public health systems and have potential implications for India's already burdened healthcare system. HMPV is one of the etiological agents of Acu...
Recent reports indicate an increase in HMPV circulation, which may impact public health systems and have potential implications for India's already burdened healthcare system. HMPV is one of the etiological agents of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), especially affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Its pathophysiology involves epithelial cell infection, cytokine-mediated inflammation, and airway dysfunction, leading to clinical manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to severe respiratory distress. This article outlines strategic directions to address the challenges posed by HMPV in India. Strategic initiatives include enhancing healthcare infrastructure for ARI, integrating HMPV testing into existing surveillance frameworks, and initiating targeted public health campaigns. Working with regional partners and international health organizations helps prioritize the adoption of best practices and enables coordinated responses.
Mechanistic Insights into Shenfu Injection for COVID-19-Induced ARDS: A Combined Analysis of GEO Database, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking.
Juan C, Weichao D, Ke C … +7 more , Quan L, Xingdong C, Zhe Z, Liang Z, Shinan N, Mengmeng W, Zhaorui S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 Sep · PMID 41031498 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and life-threatening complication of COVID-19, for which no specific antiviral treatment currently exists. Shenfu Injection (SFI), a traditional Chines...
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and life-threatening complication of COVID-19, for which no specific antiviral treatment currently exists. Shenfu Injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has shown clinical promise in improving respiratory function and reducing mortality in ARDS patients. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS: A combined network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach was used to elucidate the potential mechanisms of SFI against COVID-19-induced ARDS. SFI-related targets were identified through multiple public databases, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Gene expression data from GEO datasets (GSE171110 and GSE273149) were used to identify differentially expressed genes in COVID-19-induced ARDS, which were then intersected with SFI targets. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinities between major active compounds in SFI and core viral proteins, including 3CLpro, RdRp, and ACE2. RESULTS: A total of 398 SFI-associated targets were identified, with key targets including SRC, MAPK1, MAPK3, PIK3R1, and STAT3. Active compounds such as Gomisin B, Deoxyharringtonine, Ginsenoside-Rh4_qt, Suchilactone, and Celabenzine were highlighted. Enrichment analyses identified 2,883 GO terms and 219 KEGG pathways (P < 0.05), primarily involving the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, TNF, NF-κB, and apoptosis signaling pathways. GEO data analysis confirmed the involvement of these pathways in COVID-19-induced ARDS. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinities, particularly between Ginsenoside-Rh4_qt and 3CLpro/ACE2, and Celabenzine with RdRp. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that SFI exerts therapeutic effects through modulation of key inflammatory and immune pathways and by direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. This multi-target mechanism aligns with the pharmacological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these computational predictions and assess clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: This study provides mechanistic insights into how SFI may alleviate COVID-19-induced ARDS via modulation of critical signaling pathways and interaction with viral targets, offering a theoretical foundation for its clinical application in the management of severe COVID-19 cases.
ZELSUVMI: Pioneering At-Home Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum.
Tanwar R, Kumar D
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 41017098 · Publisher ↗
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the topical gel Zelsuvmi on January 5, 2024, to treat molluscum contagiosum in children and adults over the age of one. This is the first licensed prescription medication...
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the topical gel Zelsuvmi on January 5, 2024, to treat molluscum contagiosum in children and adults over the age of one. This is the first licensed prescription medication for this highly infectious viral skin illness, primarily affecting youngsters. Zelsuvmi produces nitric oxide, which has antiviral properties. The specific treatment method is unclear, but it is believed to involve processes affecting inflammation, immunological control, and viral replication. Clinical studies have shown Zelsuvmi to significantly decrease the number of lesions and be easily tolerated when applied daily. Clinical trials in Phase 3, such as B-SIMPLE 4 and B-SIMPLE 2, were the basis for the FDA's clearance of Zelsuvmi. The treatment is given topically once daily for a maximum duration of 12 weeks. The product is supplied in two separate tubes: one contains berdazimer gel and the other contains hydrogel. The most common negative effects of Zelsuvmi are usually experienced in the applied area, such as distressing burning, itching, redness, and irritation. Zelsuvmi is anticipated to be commercially accessible in the United States by late 2024, broadening the spectrum of treatment choices for molluscum contagiosum.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Strains in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).
Afsharipoor M, Sadat Mir Rashidi F, Dehghan F … +5 more , Nikvarz M, Raesi R, Hushmandi K, Naghibi M, Daneshi S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 Sep · PMID 40968421 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children and are increasingly complicated by rising rates of antimicrobial re-sistance. Recent multicenter studies have repo...
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children and are increasingly complicated by rising rates of antimicrobial re-sistance. Recent multicenter studies have reported Escherichia coli as the predominant uropath-ogen in pediatric UTIs, with resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone ranging from 50% to 70%. This study investigates the frequency and antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric patients with UTIs. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 113 children under 14 years of age with UTIs at Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Jiroft city from 2022 to 2023. The data were collected by referring to the medical records of the hospital and using a checklist from the medical records of the studied patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) with both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, applying a significance level of <0.05. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen, responsible for 63.7% of cases, followed by Enterobacter at 19.4%. DISCUSSION: Notably, alarming levels of antibiotic resistance were observed, with some strains exhibiting complete (100%) resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin and cefixime. These findings underscore the necessity for continuous surveillance of uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns to guide evidence-based therapeutic decision-making. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of regional epidemiological trends is imperative for clinicians to optimize antibiotic stewardship programs and mitigate the escalating public health challenge of multidrug-resistant pathogens in pediatric urinary tract infections.
The Antimicrobial Effects of Licorice Extract against Streptococcus mutans as a Potential Oral Gel against Dental Caries.
Khosrowshahi HI, Eftekhari A, Dizaj SM … +3 more , Motahari P, Memar MY, Khosrowshahi EI
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 Sep · PMID 40968420 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a prevalent chronic infectious disease primarily associated with Streptococcus mutans. Natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), offer promisin...
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a prevalent chronic infectious disease primarily associated with Streptococcus mutans. Natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), offer promising alternatives for oral health care. METHODS: Licorice roots were authenticated by a botanist and processed into an extract. The extract was formulated into an oral gel (100 μg/mL) and sterilized using gamma irradiation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the gel against S. mutans was determined by the agar dilution method. Sub-MIC concentrations were used in a time-kill assay to assess antibacterial efficacy. A reduction of ≥3 log10 CFU/mL was considered indicative of antibacterial activity. Data were ana-lyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey's post hoc test (SPSS v25, p < 0.05). RESULTS: The MIC of the gel was found to be 1260 μg/mL. Time-kill assays using concentrations of 1.4 and 1.8 μg/mL showed a significant reduction in bacterial count over time, demonstrating effec-tive antibacterial action against S. mutans. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that even sub-MIC levels of licorice gel can significantly inhibit S. mutans, highlighting its potential for incorporation into preventive or therapeutic oral health products. CONCLUSION: Licorice extract gel exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and may be considered a potential natural agent in oral formulations targeting dental caries.
Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-CCP Titers in COVID-19.
Abakar MAA, Awadab MI, Elaraki ZKI … +4 more , Osman ME, Ibrahim-Holi MA, Ahmed-Abakur EH, Alnour TMS
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40947742 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The mechanisms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to trace the presence of autoantibodies among COVID-19 patients and to determine the association be...
INTRODUCTION: The mechanisms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to trace the presence of autoantibodies among COVID-19 patients and to determine the association between COVID-19 and these antibodies. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional, hospital-based study involving 90 participants, who were arranged into three groups: the COVID-19 group, the rheumatoid arthritis group, and the control group. The study population was tested for serum concentration of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. RESULTS: The results showed significant elevations in serum levels of rheumatoid factor (p < 0.000) and anti-CCP (p < 0.000) among the rheumatoid arthritis group. Similar findings of a significant increase in rheumatoid factor (p < 0.000) were observed among the COVID-19 group compared to the control group, while an insignificant increase (p = 0.605) was reported between the Anti-CCP and COVID-19 groups. DISCUSSION: The present study revealed a significant increase in rheumatoid factors among the COVID-19 group compared to the healthy control group. These results suggested that COVID-19 contributes to the development of autoantibodies, which might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the rheumatoid factor plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection.
Bacteria-Mitochondria Cross-talk: How Microbes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics of Host Cells.
Amin T, Shishir MA, Alam MM … +4 more , Anam MB, Bulbul N, Jime JS, Fakruddin M
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40917033 · Publisher ↗
Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses and are considered to be central to energy metabolism, dynamics, and homeostasis. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (...
Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses and are considered to be central to energy metabolism, dynamics, and homeostasis. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission, fusion, mitophagy), and bioenergetics, and that it does so by connecting bacterial metabolites and signaling molecules. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that underlie the interplay between bacteria and mitochondria, with a particular focus on the modulation of mitochondrial activities by microbial products, including bile acids, immunological mediators, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The evolutionary relationship between bacteria and mitochondria is explored, along with the implications of microbial dysbiosis on mitochondrial dysfunction, which is linked to a variety of inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we emphasised the therapeutic potential of focusing on the microbiota to treat illnesses associated with the mitochondria and to restore mitochondrial health. A better understanding of the complex relationship between bacteria and mitochondria can open up new avenues for disease management and novel treatment possibilities.
The Rise of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Ceftriaxone-Resistant in Western Rajasthan, India.
Abhishek KS, Aggarwal A, Tak V … +2 more , Jain V, Kombade SP
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40916430 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever, caused by and Paratyphi, remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to first-line drug...
INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever, caused by and Paratyphi, remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to first-line drugs, fluoroquinolones, and the development of resistance to ceftriaxone, poses a significant threat to effective treatment. METHODS: This study investigated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from blood samples of patients with suspected typhoid fever at a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan, India, between April 2022 and May 2024. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed by PCR for ESBL-producing genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M) and blaCTX-M subtypes (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M8, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M10, blaCTX-M14, and blaCTXM15) was performed. RESULTS: Among 79 Salmonella typhi isolates, 18 (22.8%) exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone. PCR analysis revealed blaCTX-M as the predominant ESBL gene, detected in 77.8% of resistant isolates. Notably, blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M15, and blaCTX-M10 types were identified among the blaCTX-Mpositive isolates. DISCUSSION: In our study, 48% of Salmonella typhi strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones, while chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole showed re-emerging susceptibility (87%), likely due to their restricted use. Emerging ceftriaxone resistance, mediated by ESBL genes, predominantly blaCTX-M (especially blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-1) and blaSHV, poses challenges in clinical management. Notably, our study detected blaCTX-M10, which has not been previously reported in S. Typhi. Resistance gene spread is attributed to plasmids prevalent in E. coli and Klebsiella, which facilitate horizontal transfer. Study limitations include a small sample size, the absence of whole-genome sequencing, and a lack of clinical outcome data. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella typhi in Western Rajasthan, India. The high prevalence of blaCTX-M-producing isolates underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and the implementation of infection control measures to prevent the further spread of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, this study also highlights the re-emergence of sensitivity to chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole.
Tc-Labeled Cefixime for Targeted Imaging of Infections: Preclinical Evaluation and Potential in Postpartum Women.
Parveen S, Mehmood R, Jabeen Z … +6 more , Warraich K, Anjum HS, Warraich D, Naz M, Shams F, Sana R
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40916409 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Targeted infection imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis in postpartum women. This project uses Tc-labeled cefixime to develop a radiopharmaceutical for detecting, distinguishing, and treating infection...
INTRODUCTION: Targeted infection imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis in postpartum women. This project uses Tc-labeled cefixime to develop a radiopharmaceutical for detecting, distinguishing, and treating infections and abscesses in women. METHOD: Technetium (TcO-) chelated with cefixime, reduced by stannous chloride, confirmed via thin-layer chromatography. Mice injected with the labeled compound showed pyrogenicity and stability tests at one, two, and three hours. Biodistribution and SPECT (CT) imaging revealed in vivo aspects post-injection. RESULTS: Radiolabeling achieved over 95% technetium binding to cefixime, as shown by ITLC with acetone, demonstrating high labeling efficiency. The labeled molecule remained stable for three hours, providing an adequate imaging window. SEM analysis confirmed drug presence on the complex, IR spectroscopy verified cefixime-tracer bond formation, and HPLC quantified radiolabeling yield. DISCUSSION: Biodistribution studies revealed that radiolabeled cefixime accumulated mainly in the kidney and bladder (31.38%) and liver (30.1%), indicating renal and hepatic clearance pathways. Moderate uptake appeared in the small and large intestines (24.6%), whereas lower distribution was observed in the lungs (4.3%), heart (4.1%), stomach, and spleen (5.4%). SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated drug accumulation in infected thigh tissues, distinguishing them from inflamed sites, underscoring its diagnostic potential for differentiating infectious from inflammatory conditions. The approach shows promise for clinical translation in postpartum infection management and beyond. CONCLUSION: Cefixime, labeled with Tc, accurately detects rodent infections via scanning. Its potential extends to distinguishing healthy and malignant cells in human plasma, indicating promise in medical diagnostics, including identifying unknown-etiologic pyrexia in post-partum women.
Pediatric Preseptal Cellulitis: A 5-year Retrospective Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital.
Khodabandeh M, Mehrshadian M, Maham N … +1 more , Mahmoudi S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40910284 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Preseptal cellulitis, the most common periorbital cellulitis manifestation, is more common in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of preseptal cellulit...
INTRODUCTION: Preseptal cellulitis, the most common periorbital cellulitis manifestation, is more common in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of preseptal cellulitis infections in patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, an Iranian referral hospital, between 2015 and 2019. METHODS: The demographic characteristics of patients, symptoms at admission, affected eye (unilateral/ bilateral and right/left), the duration of symptoms and treatment, imaging findings, and the microbial culture were recorded from patient history and medical files. RESULTS: During 5 years, 136 children with preseptal cellulitis, of whom 71 (52.2%) were boys and 65 (47.8%) were girls. The age range of the patients was between 9 days and 15 years, with a mean age of 41.9±39.3 months. All of the children had eyelid swelling and edema upon their initial visit. The most common accompanying symptoms in patients after edema and swelling of the eyelids were fever (41.2%), followed by eye discharge in 30.1%, and tenderness in 19.9% of patients. Ocular involvement was 51.5% in the right eye, 44.9% in the left eye, and 3.7% in both eyes. A CT scan was performed in 58 cases (42.6%), showing preseptal cellulitis in 29 patients (21.3%), followed by ethmoid sinusitis in 14 cases (10.3%). The most commonly used antibiotics, either alone or in combination, were clindamycin (72.8%, n=99), ceftriaxone (54.4%, n=74), vancomycin (27.2%, n=37), metronidazole (23.5%, n=32), and cefotaxime (17.6%, n=24). DISCUSSION: Preseptal cellulitis in children presents with a spectrum of symptoms and is frequently associated with risk factors such as sinusitis, odontogenic infections, insect bites, or periocular trauma. Imaging, particularly CT, is essential for evaluating disease severity and identifying complications. One limitation of this study is the occurrence of negative culture results, which could be due to factors such as sample collection, transportation, or possible issues with the culture techniques. CONCLUSION: According to this study, children with preseptal cellulitis might exhibit a variety of symptoms. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis infection are sinusitis, odontogenic infections, animal or insect bites, and periocular trauma. Patients usually received clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and combination antibiotics.
Molecular Characterization of MDR Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Sudan: Prevalence of CTX-M and Carbapenemase Genes with Absence of SHV and TEM.
Mahgoub HAS, Ahmed HH, Mahgoub TAA … +8 more , Khair OMM, Mohammed MHF, Merghani MM, AlBushra MIM, Hamdan EM, Khojli RHM, Altyab HNA, Elhassan MM
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40908525 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The rise of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter species is a significant global health concern, particularly in hospital settings where they contribute to nosocomial infections. This study aimed to deter...
INTRODUCTION: The rise of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter species is a significant global health concern, particularly in hospital settings where they contribute to nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR Enterobacter spp. in clinical specimens from Khartoum State, Sudan, to detect key resistance genes (CTXM, AmpC, OXA-48, NDM-1, VIM, IMP, MCR-1, SHV, and TEM), and to analyze the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional, laboratory-based study was conducted from February to October 2021. A total of 384 clinical specimens, including urine, wound swabs, sputum, and blood, were collected from hospitals in Khartoum. Enterobacter spp. isolates were identified using conventional methods such as colony morphology, gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV, TEM, AmpC) and carbapenemase genes (OXA-48, NDM-1, VIM, IMP, MCR-1). RESULTS: Among the 384 clinical specimens, 14 (3.6%) were confirmed as Enterobacter spp. by PCR. All isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. CTX-M was detected in 100% of isolates, while SHV and TEM genes were absent. Other detected resistance genes included AmpC in 5 isolates (35.7%), IMP in 2 (14.3%), NDM-1 in 3 (21.4%), VIM in 5 (35.7%), OXA-48 in 7 (50.0%), and MCR-1 in 13 (92.9%). The predominance of CTX-M, carbapenemase genes, and the absence of SHV and TEM suggest a distinct resistance profile in these isolates. DISCUSSION: The findings highlight a concerning emergence of MDR Enterobacter spp. in Sudan, primarily driven by the widespread presence of CTX-M and carbapenemase genes. The lack of SHV and TEM genes indicates potential regional differences in genetic resistance patterns. This underscores the critical need for molecular monitoring and effective infection control policies. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of MDR Enterobacter spp., particularly due to CTX-M and carbapenemase gene expression, poses a serious threat to public health in Khartoum. Regional variation in resistance mechanisms, such as the absence of SHV and TEM, necessitates targeted antimicrobial stewardship and the development of localized treatment guidelines to limit the spread of resistance in Sudanese healthcare facilities.
Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Children: A Critical Public Health Alert Following the First Case in Victoria, Australia.
Khan SR, Srivastava S, Kumar S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40873214 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The Level of Expression of and in Human Endometrial Cells Treated with Platelet-rich Plasma .
Amiri I, Artimani T, Soleimani Asl S … +4 more , Pilehvari S, Getso MI, Raiesi O, Hossienzadeh S
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40873213 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The present study examined the effect of different concentrations of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) on cell growth and proliferation, and the expression levels of and MUC-4 genes in repeated implantation fail...
INTRODUCTION: The present study examined the effect of different concentrations of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) on cell growth and proliferation, and the expression levels of and MUC-4 genes in repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients. METHODS: Twenty-eight women were included in the study. The control group and the group of patients with RIF were treated with different concentrations of PRP 3%, 5% and 10%. Using the MTT test, cell growth and proliferation were checked at 12, 24, and 48 hours. In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of PRP on the expression of and genes, a real-time PCR test was conducted. RESULTS: Cell growth and proliferation of the endometrial cells were significantly increased after treatment with different concentrations of PRP. Based on different doses of PRP, the expression levels of and genes were significantly increased in both the control group and the RIF patient group. The significant increase in expression levels was observed in all groups treated with 10% PRP doses (p<0.05). DISCUSSION: The treatment of endometrial tissue cells with PRP is associated with the increased expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes. This reinforces the hypothesis that PRP, through its contents, the growth factors and inflammatory factors, can increase the activity and expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes by activating signaling cascades related to growth factors and inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION: PRP in different doses can cause the growth and proliferation of uterine endometrial cells and also increase the expression of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes.
Clinical Manifestations, Immune Evasion, and Public Health Implications of Monkeypox: Challenges and Future Perspectives.
Parashar B, Malviya R, Sridhar SB … +1 more , Shareef J
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40873171 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a disease primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals and humans. Recently, it has generated worldwide interest due to its expansion from endemic to non-endemic ar...
INTRODUCTION: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a disease primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals and humans. Recently, it has generated worldwide interest due to its expansion from endemic to non-endemic areas, raising concerns about its clinical consequences. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical data, immune evasion mechanisms, and public health reports related to monkeypox. RESULTS: The review revealed that monkeypox presents with fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Key findings include the emergence of immune evasion strategies and an increase in human-to-human transmission, highlighting significant challenges for global surveillance, vaccination coverage, and outbreak preparedness. DISCUSSION: The findings underscore the varied clinical manifestations of Mpox, especially its severe impact on vulnerable populations such as HIV co-infected individuals and those with ocular involvement. The detailed analysis of immune evasion strategies reveals critical challenges in developing effective treatments and preventive measures. These insights align with existing research, emphasising the need for targeted interventions and improved diagnostic approaches. However, limitations include a reliance on available clinical reports and the evolving nature of monkeypox outbreaks, which may affect the generalizability of the conclusions. CONCLUSION: Understanding the clinical characteristics of Mpox is crucial for guiding effective treatment and prevention strategies, particularly in vulnerable populations. These insights can support public health efforts, improve patient outcomes, and inform future research on emerging infectious diseases.
Primary Tuberculous Intramuscular Abscess in a Diabetic Elderly Male: An Unusual Case Report.
Dinkar A, Singh J, Patwa AK … +2 more , Kumar S, Atam I
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40873170 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but extrapulmonary manifestations, such as musculoskeletal TB, account for 15-20% of cases. Isolated intramuscular TB abscesses are exceedingly rare cases of e...
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but extrapulmonary manifestations, such as musculoskeletal TB, account for 15-20% of cases. Isolated intramuscular TB abscesses are exceedingly rare cases of extrapulmonary TB. Predisposing factors, such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and advanced age, increase the risk of such atypical presentations. This report presents a rare case of a primary tuberculous intramuscular abscess in an elderly diabetic male, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old male with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes presented with a 2-month history of right thigh pain and progressive swelling. Examination revealed an 8×9 cm, nontender, firm lump in the right thigh with normal overlying skin. Imaging with 3T MRI showed a multilobulated fluid collection in the thigh's upper third region, predominantly in the adductor and anterior compartments, with surrounding muscle edema and multiple enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of drained material revealed caseating granulomas with Langhans giant cells, consistent with tuberculosis. CBNAAT confirmed rifampicin-sensitive . The patient was diagnosed with a primary tuberculous abscess and initiated on a 6-month antituberculosis therapy. He showed significant clinical improvement at the 1-month follow-up and successfully completed his 6-month ATT without any intolerance. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering TB in atypical presentations, particularly in endemic regions and high-risk populations. Prompt diagnosis through advanced imaging, histopathology, molecular testing, and appropriate surgical and pharmacological interventions is critical for optimal outcomes in such rare presentations.
A Mini Review on Monkey-Pox: Outbreak, Challenges, and Management Strategies.
Thorat DS, Ushir YV, Singh S … +1 more , Nagime PV
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 40873169 · Publisher ↗
Monkeypox (Mpox) has become a significant global health concern, particularly since 2022. It has spread rapidly to numerous locations, and we urgently need to learn more about it. This overview discusses what Mpox is, ho...
Monkeypox (Mpox) has become a significant global health concern, particularly since 2022. It has spread rapidly to numerous locations, and we urgently need to learn more about it. This overview discusses what Mpox is, how it spreads, its effects on people, and the medications that can be used to assist. Between January 2022 and March 2025, approximately 129,523 people were infected with Mpox in 120 countries. This demonstrates that HPV has progressed from being passed down from animals to being transmitted between people, including through intimate touch, as in some sexual interactions. Scientists discovered significant alterations in the virus that could help it adapt to people. Currently, we do not have many therapy alternatives. However, certain medications, such as tecovirimat and cidofovir, as well as specific vaccines (such as MVA-BN), can aid in recovery. When administered promptly after exposure, the vaccine is extremely effective in protecting people. This review emphasizes the importance of detecting Mpox early, monitoring the virus's evolution, and ensuring that people, particularly those who are more susceptible to illness, are immunized. A One Health strategy, which encompasses the care of humans, animals, and the environment in a unified approach, is crucial to preventing future outbreaks. To keep everyone safe, we must prepare for and strengthen our response to Mpox.
Effective Strategies in Disease Control and Prevention: A Systematic Review.
Daneshi S, Nikvarz M, Raesi R … +3 more , Kamali A, Barfar E, Hushmandi K
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40849766 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Effective disease control and prevention are central to global public health, especially amid increasing chronic diseases, re-emerging infectious threats, and socioeconomic disparities. This systematic revi...
INTRODUCTION: Effective disease control and prevention are central to global public health, especially amid increasing chronic diseases, re-emerging infectious threats, and socioeconomic disparities. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize key strategies that contribute to improved disease management outcomes worldwide. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted using the keywords "disease management," "disease prevention," "public health strategies," "surveillance," "vaccination," "vector control," and "social determinants of health (SDOH)" in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2001 to 2024. The search strategy was based on the PRISMA statement, and the research question was designed and formulated using the PICO framework. Twenty-two articles were selected for inclusion in the study. RESULTS: Enhanced surveillance systems enable timely outbreak detection and inform public health responses. Vaccination strategies, including mobile units and public awareness campaigns, significantly improve coverage, especially in underserved areas. Environmental sanitation through WASH programs reduces disease transmission. Vector control using Integrated Vector Management has proven effective in controlling malaria and dengue. Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) through targeted policies reduces health inequities. The One Health approach promotes cross-sector collaboration for controlling zoonotic diseases. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the importance of combining epidemiological tools, community engagement, policy reform, and intersectoral collaboration. Socioeconomic and environmental contexts significantly influence health outcomes and the success of interventions. CONCLUSION: A multifaceted, integrated strategy is crucial for effective disease prevention and control. Public health systems must prioritize surveillance, vaccination, sanitation, equity-oriented policies, and cross-sectoral collaboration to improve global health resilience and reduce disparities.
MicroRNA 155 Expression and Treatment Response in -Infected Psoriasis Patients.
Mohamed AA, Alanazi AT, Ramadan ME … +11 more , Elmahdy R, Azzam HN, Salah EM, Khalaf SS, Hussein MS, Mahmoud NH, Farghly MI, Sleem H, Abd-Elsalam S, Ghaith D, Mahmoud Aboelela HM
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40760750 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: infection is highly prevalent among patients with different autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis patients. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic medication that has a variable treatment response in -infect...
INTRODUCTION: infection is highly prevalent among patients with different autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis patients. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic medication that has a variable treatment response in -infected patients. This study investigates the demographic, biochemical, and genetic factors influencing the response to pyrimethamine treatment in -infected psoriasis patients. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 73 patients diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Demographic characteristics, biochemical lab results, and the serum levels of TNF-α detected by ELISA, and MicroRNA-155 expression were analyzed using real-time PCR with the 2 method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Total cholesterol and bilirubin levels were higher in patients with good responses compared to those in the poor response group, while other biochemical parameters did not exhibit any statistically significant differences. Neither MicroRNA-155 expression nor serum TNF-α levels were found to be significantly associated with treatment response. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess predictors of treatment response to pyrimethamine. CONCLUSION: Biochemical markers play a role in determining the response to pyrimethamine treatment; however, other factors may also contribute. Future research should focus on larger longitudinal studies to validate these findings and explore additional biomarkers.
The Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: A Surprising Ally in the Field of COVID-19.
Palacios-Cruz M, Castellar-Lopez J, Pretelt JM … +2 more , Chang AY, Mendoza-Torres E
Infect Disord Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40754875 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Over the past four years, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 have become global health crises, spurring extensive research on virus behavior, complications, and treatments. The virus interacts with a component of the...
INTRODUCTION: Over the past four years, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 have become global health crises, spurring extensive research on virus behavior, complications, and treatments. The virus interacts with a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), altering inflammatory, hypertrophic, and hemodynamic responses via binding to ACE2 found in organs like the heart, lungs, and kidneys. OBJECTIVE: This review explores the RAS-COVID-19 interplay, focusing on key molecules like ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Ang-(1-9), influencing susceptibility, severity, and treatments. It seeks to clarify ACE2's dual role in viral entry and protection and assess the therapeutic potential of balancing Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9) to prevent disease progression and related complications. METHODS: Studies were chosen through a systematic search in databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were centered on peer-reviewed research that explored the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and important RAS molecules, including ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Ang-(1-9), seeking information on therapies, severity, and susceptibility. Non-peer-reviewed articles and those lacking focus on RAS-COVID-19 interplay were excluded. Titles and abstracts were screened, followed by full-text assessment and data extraction for analysis. RESULTS: Some studies indicate that the peptides Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9) could provide protective effects against heart-related complications by counteracting the harmful impacts of the angiotensin II pathway, which is often exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2. Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9) are recognized for promoting vasodilation, reducing inflammation, and preventing fibrosis, which can mitigate the heart damage typically associated with COVID-19. DISCUSSION: ACE2, a component of the non-canonical RAS, is closely linked to SARS-CoV-2 and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Ang-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) are produced by ACE2 and have demonstrated positive cardiovascular effects. In the context of COVID-19, Ang-(1- 7) has shown protective effects in preclinical studies and clinical trials; however, more evidence is needed to support this effect. CONCLUSION: Further research, including clinical trials, is vital to understand and develop precise therapies for COVID-19 and similar infectious diseases.
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