Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Alternative approaches for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep farming: a review.
Šimpraga M, Ljubičić I, Hlede JP … +3 more , Vugrovečki AS, Marinculić A, Tkalčić S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26281437
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious health problem and represent the most significant constraint in sheep grazing operations. Problems tend to be worse in organic sheep farming systems, as a consequence of a l...
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious health problem and represent the most significant constraint in sheep grazing operations. Problems tend to be worse in organic sheep farming systems, as a consequence of a less restricted access of animals to outdoor environment with a higher exposure to infective larvae. In domestic animals, GIN are effectively controlled by an aggressive prophylactic administration of commercially available anthelmintics. As a consequence to a common overdose and misuse of readily available antiparasitic treatments, there is an inevitable development of populations of GIN resistant to all major classes of anthelmintics. Also, the control of GIN that is based entirely on the anthelmintic use, threatens sustainability of the sheep farming worldwide. The combination of the optimized use of anthelmintic drugs and alternative approaches seem to be a reasonable choice in sustainable parasitic control programs that offer a substantial reduction of anthelmintic treatments and conservation of anthelmintic efficacy. In that aspect, a "targeted selective treatment (TST)" directed towards animals clinically diagnosed with GIN, seems to be an effective approach to leave some parasite populations unexposed to anthelmintics (refugia) and to reduce development of anthelmintic resistance. Also, many current research efforts aim to find and validate sustainable non-chemotherapeutic approaches to GIN control, including changes in grazing management, optimized nutrition, dietary supplementation, consumption of plants with anthelmintic properties, biological control by nematophagous fungi, copper oxide wire particles (COWP), and homeopathic treatments. This manuscript outlines (outlines) and discusses relevant alternative approaches for GIN control in modern sheep farming systems.
Death of a South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) after the ingestion of toads--evaluation of toad poisoning by toxicological analysis.
Toennes SW, Peters M, Osmann C … +2 more , Pogoda W, Mebs D
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054232
Animals in zoological gardens are at risk of severe and even lethal poisoning when they accidentally ingest toads. Here we report the case of an eleven month old male South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) whi...
Animals in zoological gardens are at risk of severe and even lethal poisoning when they accidentally ingest toads. Here we report the case of an eleven month old male South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) which was found dead in its outdoor enclosure in the zoo of Dortmund, Germany. Autopsy revealed the presence of two adult, partly digested common toads (Bufo bufo) in the stomach. Toxicological analysis of the stomach content using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF MS) proved the presence of bufadienolides, the major cardiotoxic components of toad poisons. Using electrochemical luminescens immunoassay (ECLIA) compounds equivalent to digitoxin were detected in the blood sample confirming the absorption of toad poison components from the intestines into the circulation potentially leading to cardiac failure. In zoological gardens special precautions are necessary to protect non-native animals from encountering toads and the risk of poisoning, particularly in early spring, the spawning period of the toads.
[Investigations on the acute, carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction and pharmacology of orally administered sodium salicylate in turkeys].
Cramer K, Schmidt V, Richter A … +3 more , Fuhrmann H, Abraham G, Krautwald-Junghanns ME
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054231
The complex mechanisms of acute inflammation have been subject to veterinary investigations since a long time. However, knowledge on the role of specific inflammatory mediators, as well as pharmacokinetics (PK) and -dyna...
The complex mechanisms of acute inflammation have been subject to veterinary investigations since a long time. However, knowledge on the role of specific inflammatory mediators, as well as pharmacokinetics (PK) and -dynamics (PD) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in birds is limited. The objective of this work therefore was to establish a modified tissue cage-model to investigate the acute, carrageenan-mediated inflammatory response, as well as plasma and exudate-kinetics and the antiphlogistic effect of orally administered sodium salicylate on the elicited inflammatory reaction in turkeys. Within the class Aves, comparable studies have so far only been published in chicken. Following bilateral subcutaneous implantation of carrageenan-treated synthetic sponges in the lateral thoracic region, sodium salicylate was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW; therapy group) twice daily on three consecutive days, while a control group received drinking water as a placebo (n = 24 per group). Combined PK and PD of sodium salicylate were evaluated on the basis of salicylate- and prostaglandin (PG) E2-plasma- and -exudate-concentrations, exudate volumes, as well as leukocyte exudate counts. Sodium salicylate was readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and accumulated in the inflammatory exudate. At 4, 6, and 10 h after first application, sodium salicylate significantly reduced PG E2-concentrations in the inflammatory exudate when compared to the control group, whereas leukocyte exudate counts increased over time in both study groups, unaffected by sodium salicylate The described modified tissue cage-model can be beneficial for further research on the pathophysiology of avian inflammatory processes and the investigation of the combined pharmacodynamics and -kinetics of drugs in birds of adequate size.
Analysis of risk factors for infections with gastrointestinal nematodes, Eimeria spp. and lungworms in German organic sheep farms.
Kern G, Traulsen I, Kemper N … +1 more , Krieter J
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054230
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors influencing the occurrence of parasitic infections in organic sheep farms in Germany. Therefore, 635 pooled faecal samples from sheep kept on 20 organic farms were...
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors influencing the occurrence of parasitic infections in organic sheep farms in Germany. Therefore, 635 pooled faecal samples from sheep kept on 20 organic farms were collected and examined by standard parasitological analyses for gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), Eimeria species (spp.) and liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica). Additionally, 128 double-pooled samples were analysed for lungworm larvae. In 60.5% of all samples, parasite stadiums were detected, and 38.3% of the double-pooled samples were lungworm-positive. Production period, months and year of sampling had significant effects on infections with GINs (p < 0.05). The prevalence of GIN infection was lowest in 'dairy'(40.0%) when compared with'meat'sheep (65.4%). The odds of being infected with Eimeria spp. was influenced by the month (p < 0.05). The number of ewes on a farm, the primary purpose or the grazing area showed no significant effects. Infections with lungworms occurred in tendency more often 'after' lambing period.
[Lactational incidences of common diseases in dairy herds in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany): effect of first test-day milk yield, herd milk yield and number of lactation].
Gundling N, Ruddat I, Prien K … +2 more , Hellerich B, Hoedemaker M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054229
It was the aim of this study to record common diseases in dairy cows in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and to describe associations between lactation number (LN: 1, 2, > 2), first test-day milk yield (TD1: < 30 kg, ≥ 30 kg...
It was the aim of this study to record common diseases in dairy cows in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and to describe associations between lactation number (LN: 1, 2, > 2), first test-day milk yield (TD1: < 30 kg, ≥ 30 kg) and herd milk yield (HM: ≤ 7500 kg, > 7500 kg), the latter parameter serving as a proxy for herd management (extensive vs. intensive). Data of 98 dairy herds (6439 lactations) were processed on cow level using mixed logistic regression models with LN< TD1, HM and calving season as fixed effects and herd as random effect. Lactational incidences were as follows: hypocalcaemia (5.0%), dystocia (13.2%), retained placental membranes (7.2%), clinical metritis/endometritis (4.9%), clinical mastitis (15.3%), subclinical mastitis (61.9%), ketosis (1.6%), displaced abomasum (0.4%), lameness (15.4%). Number of lactation (2, > 2 vs. 1) was a risk factor for hypocalcaemia (OR 3.715, 23.047), retained placental membranes (OR 1.764, 2.479), clinical mastitis (> 2 vs. 1 OR 2.118), subclinical mastitis (OR 1.668,4.397), ketosis (> 2 vs. 1 OR 3.936) and lameness (OR 1.275, 2.070). Older cows had a lower risk for dystocia (OR 0.373, 0.357). TD1 (≥ 30 kg) was not a risk factor of disease except for subclinical mastitis in first parity animals (OR 1.319). Herd milk yield (> 7500 kg) was a risk factor for clinical metritis/endometritis (OR 1.971), displaced abomasum (OR 7.764), lameness (OR 1.618) and hypocalcaemia (cows with high TD1 [OR 2.273]). In conclusion, not individual milk yield, but herd milk yield as an indicator of differences in intensity of herd management as well as number of lactation seemed to influence the frequency of common diseases in dairy cows.
[Investigation of the presence of the etiological agents of malignant catarrhal fever in clinically healthy ruminants in zoological gardens].
Matzat T, Eulenberger K, Müller H
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054228
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an infectious disease in even-toed ungulates including domestic cattle and wild living ruminants, which repeatedly also occurred in zoological gardens in Europe. The goal of the study p...
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an infectious disease in even-toed ungulates including domestic cattle and wild living ruminants, which repeatedly also occurred in zoological gardens in Europe. The goal of the study presented here was to determine whether wild ruminants--here in the sense of non-domesticated ruminant species in zoological collections--normally not known as carriers of MCF viruses, may carry and shed these viruses and thus might play a possible role as source of infection. To this end, swap samples from eye, nose, and rectum, and also some blood samples, collected from different ruminant species in 11 zoological gardens and animal parks in the years 2007 to 2009 were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) for the presence of the genome of viruses known to cause MCF most frequently: alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1), ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), caprine herpesvirus 2 (CpHV-2) and malignant catarrhal fever virus--white-tailed deer (MCFV-WTD) The results of this investigation showed the presence of the genomes of one--or more--of these MCF viruses in five of the contributing institutions. A total of 28 samples (12.84%) proved to be positive. In no case, the presence of the AIHV-1 genome was detected. For the first time, the presence of the MCFV-WTD genome was demonstrated in goats, indicating a carrier state of this animal species.
[Efficacy of siRNA on feline leukemia virus replication in vitro].
Lehmann M, Weber K, Rauch G … +4 more , Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hosie MJ, Meli ML, Hartmann K
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054227
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) can lead to severe clinical signs in cats. Until now, there is no effective therapy for FeLV-infected cats. RNA interference-based antiviral therapy is a new concept. Specific small interferi...
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) can lead to severe clinical signs in cats. Until now, there is no effective therapy for FeLV-infected cats. RNA interference-based antiviral therapy is a new concept. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) are designed complementary to the mRNA of a target region, and thus inhibit replication. Several studies have proven efficacy of siRNAs in inhibiting virus replication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of siRNAs against FeLV replication in vitro. siRNAs against the FeLV env gene and the host cell surface receptor (feTHTR1) which is used by FeLV-A for entry as well as siRNA that were not complementary to the FeLV or cat genome, were tested. Crandell feline kidney cells (CrFK cells) were transfected with FeLV-A/Glasgow-1. On day 13, infected cells were transfected with siRNAs. As control, cells were mock-transfected or treated with azidothymidine (AZT) (5 μg/ml). Culture supernatants were analyzed for FeLV RNA using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and for FeLV p27 by ELISA every 24 hours for five days. All siRNAs significantly reduced viral RNA and p27 production, starting after 48 hours. The fact that non-complementary siRNAs also inhibited virus replication may lead to the conclusion that unspecific mechanisms rather than specific binding lead to inhibition.
Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from a free-roaming red fox (Vulpes vulpes).
Sting R, Ketterer-Pintur S, Contzen M … +2 more , Mauder N, Süss-Dombrowski C
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054226
Corynebacterium (C.) ulcerans could be isolated from the spleen of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) that had been found dead in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Pathohistological examination suggested that the fox had d...
Corynebacterium (C.) ulcerans could be isolated from the spleen of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) that had been found dead in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Pathohistological examination suggested that the fox had died of distemper, as was confirmed by PCR. The isolate was identified biochemically, by MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR and by partial 16S rRNA, rpoB and tox gene sequencing. Using the Elek test the C. ulcerans isolate demonstrated diphtheria toxin production. FT-IR and sequencing data obtained from the C. ulcerans isolate from the red fox showed higher similarity to isolates from humans than to those from wild game.
Detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and its association with PMWS in wild boars and domestic pigs in Germany: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological study.
Hohloch C, Reiner G, Bronnert B … +2 more , Willems H, Reinacher M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054225
Beside domestic pigs wild boars can also be affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). For the first time a nationwide survey of wild boars (n = 356) and domestic pigs (n = 340) was carried out in Ger...
Beside domestic pigs wild boars can also be affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). For the first time a nationwide survey of wild boars (n = 356) and domestic pigs (n = 340) was carried out in Germany by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Whereas 102/340 domestic pigs were immunoreactive for PCV2 antigen in at least one examined tissue, only 8/356 wild boars reacted positively. Similar findings could be found in qPCR: all domestic pigs showed viral DNA in at least one tissue, while in the examined tissues of 170 wild boars PCV2-DNA was not detectable. The specimens were examined histologically for histiocytosis and depletion of lymphocytes, both typical for PMWS. Based on these findings, six wild boars and 69 domestic pigs were assumed to be affected by PMWS.
[Analysis of the impact of animal health parameters on the average daily net gain in pigs for fattening].
Kuchling S, Schleicher C, Raith J … +1 more , Köfer J
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054224
According to regulation (EC) No. 854/2004 all pigs slaughtered in Austria are subject to a routine meat inspection at the slaughterhouse in order to detect pathological-anatomical organ alterations due to disease. This m...
According to regulation (EC) No. 854/2004 all pigs slaughtered in Austria are subject to a routine meat inspection at the slaughterhouse in order to detect pathological-anatomical organ alterations due to disease. This mandatory meat inspection constitutes an important contribution to ensure food safety and the resulting post-mortem findings provide a possibility to process optimization by reporting the routinely recorded results to the producers. We analyzed the impact of 18 post-mortem findings on the average daily net gain of 6119 pigs. All findings were recorded at an Austrian slaughterhouse within a quality assurance system. A linear mixed model (LMM) was applied incorporating the farm of origin as random effect in order to take non-observed farm specific risk factors (e. g. feed management, housing system, hygiene status) into account. As a result the expected average daily net gain of 490 g could be estimated and several post-mortem findings could be identified as significant factors (at the significance level 0.05) affecting the average daily net gain. The expected average daily net gain decreases significantly for pigs with at least one of the post-mortem findings arthritis (-64 g), abscess (-32 g), severe pneumonia (-13 g), visceralis pleuritis (-7 g) and hepatitis (-9 g). The expected average daily net gain increases by 5 g for pigs with post-mortem finding bursitis. The estimated random farm effect indicates the relevant impact of the farm environment on the average daily net gain. The results reinforce that there is still a great potential to improve efficiency in fattening, although the quality assurance system was implemented twelve years ago.
SAT2 foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in a mixed farm in Egypt.
Byom AM
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054223
A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of...
A dairy farm keeping Holstein cattle and buffaloes in the Menoufia Governorate was investigated during and after the last Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in Egypt (starting February 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. All animals were vaccinated against FMD with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing O1 and A/Egy/2006 strains two months before the onset of the outbreak. Laboratory examination of the samples collected from diseased and dead animals' revealed detection of a newly emerged serotype of FMD (SAT2). Although, all buffaloes (8/8) in the herd were infected (100%), none of them died, while lactating Holstein cattle showed varying morbidity rates along the period of the outbreak with peak rates in March followed by April, May and June. Crud mortality and case fatality rates among cattle peaked during April 2012 to reach 9.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Calves were the most affected animals with the highest morbidities and mortalities. The high prevalence of the disease among all animal categories in the investigated farm is attributed to the lack of previous immunity through vaccination against the new serotype of the virus. In addition, the hygienic and biosecurity measures in the farm were unsatisfactory with respect to prevention of introduction and spread of the disease between the farm units. The prevalent weather conditions during the outbreak might have played a role in spread of the FMDv, especially ambient temperature, humidity and wind movement.
Emerging cases of chlamydial abortion in sheep and goats in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Spičic S, Račić Ivana, Andrijanić M … +4 more , Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Stepanić M, Cvetnić Z
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054222
In a recent lambing season (2012/2013), the seroprevalence of ovine chlamydiosis was monitored in small ruminant abortion cases in Croatia. Blood samples of 93 sheep and 69 goats were examined. In addition, 50 sheep and...
In a recent lambing season (2012/2013), the seroprevalence of ovine chlamydiosis was monitored in small ruminant abortion cases in Croatia. Blood samples of 93 sheep and 69 goats were examined. In addition, 50 sheep and 61 goat samples were tested using molecular methods. Furthermore, 14 sheep blood samples, one goat blood sample and one sheep placenta sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) were also tested as a part of inter-laboratory cooperation. Overall high seroprevalence was detected in sheep, 19.6% with the ELISA IDEXX kit and 20.5% with the ClVTEST kit. Seroprevalence in goats was 11.4%. In BIH, four sheep and one goat blood sample were seropositive for chlamydiosis. The disease causing agent, Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) was confirmed using molecular methods in two sheep flocks in continental Croatia and in one sheep flock in BIH. In this study, C. abortus infection in sheep was identified for the first time in Croatia using species specific molecular methods. Ovine chlamydiosis is present in national sheep and goat flocks in Croatia and BIH. Thus should be subject to ongoing controls in the case of abortion. A combination of serological and molecular methods should be used for optimal laboratory diagnostics of C. abortus.
Fascioloides magna--epizootiology in a deer farm in Germany.
Plötz C, Rehbein S, Bamler H … +3 more , Reindl H, Pfister K, Scheuerle MC
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054221
After initial observations of suspicious cases in 2009, the occurrence of Fascioloides (F.) magna in deer of a deer farm located in northeastern Bavaria, Germany, at the border to the Czech Republic was confirmed in autu...
After initial observations of suspicious cases in 2009, the occurrence of Fascioloides (F.) magna in deer of a deer farm located in northeastern Bavaria, Germany, at the border to the Czech Republic was confirmed in autumn 2011. In March 2012, the deer were treated for fascioloidosis with triclabendazole. To monitor the epizootiology of fascioloidosis in the farm, 80-100 faecal samples were examined for Fascioloides eggs at monthly intervals from June 2012 to June 2013 inclusive. In addition, livers of 27 red deer and one sika deer collected during winter 2012/2013 were examined for gross lesions suspicious for F. magna infection and 21 of the 28 livers were dissected for F. magna recovery. Fascioloides eggs were recorded in 63 (4.9%) of 1280 faecal samples (range 0.4 to 355 eggs per gram). Both, number of Fascioloides-egg positive samples and egg counts were low during the first eight months of the study but increased notably since February 2013. While Fascioloides egg-positive faecal samples were obtained from red deer (46/948,4.9%) and fallow deer (17/166, 10.2%), no Fascioloides eggs were demonstrated in the 166 samples obtained from sika deer. Livers of five red deer and the sika deer showed gross lesions characteristic for fascioloidosis, and F. magna were recovered from three of the five affected red deer livers (range, five to seven flukes). Results of this study confirm that F. magna is endemic in the deer farm, and measures should be implemented to minimize the transmission of the parasite.
[On the situation of African swine fever and the biological characterization of recent virus isolates].
Tauscher K, Pietschmann J, Wernike K … +3 more , Teifke JP, Beer M, Blome S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 26054220
African swine fever (ASF), a disease notifiable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), is characterized by severe, unspecific clinical signs and high mortality rates. Hosts for ASF virus (ASFV) are only member...
African swine fever (ASF), a disease notifiable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), is characterized by severe, unspecific clinical signs and high mortality rates. Hosts for ASF virus (ASFV) are only members of the family Suidae and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Currently, no vaccine is available and therefore, the control is primarily based on strict sanitary measures. The most important part is the early detection of the disease within affected animal holdings and the fast and reliable confirmation by laboratory diagnosis. Infections of domestic pigs and European wild boar with recent Armenian, Sardinian, Lithuanian or Kenyan ASFV isolates lead to severe, acute disease courses with the predominant symptom of high fever (> 41 degrees C) accompanied by further unspecific clinical signs such as lethargy, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, respiratory symptoms, and an increased bleeding tendency. In experimental infection studies the mortality rate reached 100%. The most prominent pathomorphological findings included ebony-colored gastrohepatic lymph nodes, lung oedema, petechiae in the renal cortex, and oedema of the gallbladder wall. In the light of the current epidemiological situation with endemic ASFV infections on Sardinia, outbreaks in Russia and several Eastern EU Member States there is a risk for an introduction in further, previously unaffected EU countries including Germany. Hence, appropriate sample materials (serum, blood, spleen) of domestic pigs with unspecific clinical symptoms or pathomorphological findings should be examined for both ASFV and classical swine fever virus.
[Physiological processes in the mammary gland tissue of dairy cows during the dry period].
Seeth Mt, Hoedemaker M, Krömker V
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876288
The dry period is essential for the bovine mammary gland to regenerate after the previous lactation. This period is necessary to render an appropriate milk yield during the subsequent lactation. Furthermore, the dry peri...
The dry period is essential for the bovine mammary gland to regenerate after the previous lactation. This period is necessary to render an appropriate milk yield during the subsequent lactation. Furthermore, the dry period allows the cure of existing infections of the mammary gland, but also bears an increased risk of new infection. The physiological processes within the bovine mammary gland can be devided in the following way: During the first days of active involution, a change in the cellular architecture is suggested, possibly caused by the high intra-alveolar pressure. Extensive histological changes affecting the capability of synthesis and secretion of milk components are also observed. During the involution, there is a loss of integrity of the mammary epithelial and various substances enter from blood into the mammary lumen. The histological and morphological changes continue during the steady state involution and the period of neolactogenesis. Hence, the composition of the secretion produced by the mammary epithelia changes markedly. Furthermore, the phases of the dry period differ in regard to the susceptibility towards intramammary infections. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the physiological processes during dry cow management. This literature survey describes the essential findings about the changes within the mammary tissue during the dry period.
[The first report of a disseminated idiopathic myofasciitis in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) from Germany].
Müller K, Dietert K, Kershaw O
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876287
A 1.5 year old neutered male pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a sudden onset of severe weakness. The ferret was kept with three healthy mates, was vaccinated against distemper regularly and was never...
A 1.5 year old neutered male pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a sudden onset of severe weakness. The ferret was kept with three healthy mates, was vaccinated against distemper regularly and was never ill before presentation. Clinically, the ferret was depressed, had a hyperthermia of 40.3 degrees C, tachypnea and ocular as well as nasal discharge. Blood work revealed a mild neutropenia, blood chemistry a hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia and hyponatremia. Despite intensive therapy including fluid replacement, antibiosis, analgesia and antipyretics, the overall condition of the ferret deteriorated and the animal was euthanized two days later. Necropsy revealed a pyogranulomatous myositis, fasciitis and steatitis of the long hyoid muscles, the esophagus and intestine. Lesions were consistent with the disseminated idiopathic myositis of ferrets. This is the first reported case of this disease in a ferret originated in Germany.
[Subclinical staphylococcal intramammary infections: within-herd prevalence and effects on milk yield and somatic cell counts in Thuringian dairy herds].
Heinze J, Donat K, Brandt HR … +1 more , Wehrend A
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876286
Basic data for calculating the economic losses of subclinical staphylococcal intramammary infections are the reduction in milk yield and the within-herd prevalences. This study aimed to determine these parameters in sele...
Basic data for calculating the economic losses of subclinical staphylococcal intramammary infections are the reduction in milk yield and the within-herd prevalences. This study aimed to determine these parameters in selected herds. Quarter foremilk samples were taken from all lactating cows without clinical mastitis of 34 Thuringian dairy herds twice with an interval of five to nine months A total of 81 567 samples from 14 157 cows were cultured and screened for Staphylococci, Streptococci and Enterobacteriaceae. For statistical analysis a multifactorial variance analysis which included the factors farm, quarter, days in lactation and number of lactation was used. Least square means of the within-herd prevalence were 3.14% for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and 6.64% for Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). The highest frequency of S. aureus-infections was detected at 201-250 days in milk. The risk of S. aureus-infections increased with increasing lactation number, whereas the frequency of CNS-infections decreased with lactation number (p < 0.001). Compared to not infected cows, S. aureus infected cows showed no differences in milk yield or milk components, but had a higher somatic cell count (SCC) (219 000 cells/ml, p < 0.001). The SCC by CNS infected cows was 89 000 cells/ml (p = 0.049). High SCCs were associated with low milk yield. Subclinical intramammary infections with S. aureus and CNS result in a higher SCC. There is a direct association between SCC and milk yield.
[Effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (Columba livia)].
Schreiber T, Kamphausen L, Haag-Wackernagel D
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876285
We examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "Pigeon Action of Basel" (Switzerland) for different pathogens. The tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to...
We examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "Pigeon Action of Basel" (Switzerland) for different pathogens. The tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (Chlamydia spp., Salmonella spec., Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptococcus neoformans) In addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as Trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites and fungi. The number of pathogens and parasites detected in the fecal samples varied significantly between the two localities. The pigeons of the two investigated breeding flocks differed in nutritional status and the incidence of two species of feather lice, Columbicola columbae and Campanulotes bidentatus compar. The prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae between juveniles and adults was not significantly different but juveniles exhibited significantly heavier infestation if infected. Individuals with a good nutritional status tend to show heavier infestation with Trichomonas gallinae compared to birds with moderate or poor nutritional status. Birds with a poor nutritional status tend to suffer from a heavier infestation with the feather louse C. columbae, and birds with a good nutritional status show significant heavier infestation with C. bidentatus compar. It was remarkable that one of the two investigated breeding populations almost gave up its breeding activity for two years because of the loss of its familiar food source. Nevertheless, this population showed a better nutritional status than the population without restrictions in the acquisition of food. This fact could be interpreted by the existence of a biological control mechanism for suppression of the reproduction in degraded environmental conditions to ensure the survival of the adults. If this assumption is correct, the feeding of feral pigeons by animal lovers possibly causes impairment of pigeon's health in consequence of continuation of the breeding activity in spite of declined living conditions in the city.
[Examination on the occurence, clinical appearence and the detection of Chamaeleomyces sp. in clinically diseased chameleons].
Pfaff M, Schmidt V, Plenz B … +1 more , Pees M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876284
In reptiles, over the last years the importance of diseases caused by fungal infections has steadily increased. Chamaeleomyces sp. is a relatively new, but more and more relevant pathogen causing systemic mycosis in cham...
In reptiles, over the last years the importance of diseases caused by fungal infections has steadily increased. Chamaeleomyces sp. is a relatively new, but more and more relevant pathogen causing systemic mycosis in chameleons. The aim of this study therefore was to obtain information on the occurrence of these fungi in chameleons, to describe their clinical appearance and to evaluate potential diagnostic procedures. 41 chameleons belonging to six different species, and demonstrating clinical signs suspicious for a Chamaeleomyces infection, were clinically examined. Samples were obtained and examined cytologically, bacteriologically, mycologically as well as with molecular methods. Ten animals additionally underwent a pathological examination. The clinical findings included proliferations on the tongue, the throat and the skin, petechial bleedings, joint swellings as well as inflammatory alterations of the eye. In 13 animals the fungi could be detected cytologically. Mycological cultivation was successful in 16 animals. Molecular-biological methods revealed Chamaeleomyces granulomatis in 13 veiled chameleons and Chamaeleomyces viridis in three panther chameleons and one carpet chameleon. Notably, pathogen detection was not equally successful from samples taken from the different areas with clinical alterations. The results of this study demonstrate that, even though the clinical signs of the infection are variable, specific findings such as granulomatous alterations on the tongue and throat occur particularly often. The study also shows that the verification by PCR is the most reliable method. However mycological and repeated cytological examinations are also advisable. In case of doubt, several diagnostic procedures should be combined.
[The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis)--no zoonotic risk for Brandenburg?].
Schwarz S, Sutor A, Mattis R … +1 more , Conraths FJ
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2015 · PMID 25876283
The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris [B.] procyonis), a dangerous zoonotic pathogen for humans, in raccoons living in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germ...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris [B.] procyonis), a dangerous zoonotic pathogen for humans, in raccoons living in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany. In the years 2008 to 2013, a total of 762 raccoons, dating from hunting bags, were examined for intestinal helminths. No raccoon roundworm specimen was detected, but 27 samples were positive for Mesocestoides spp. Earlier studies had proved the presence of B. procyonis in Hesse and since 2005 the parasite has also been found in the western part of Saxony-Anhalt. The migration ability of raccoons may promote a further distribution of this parasite and could increase the risk for zoonotic infections in humans.
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