Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[The PRRSV-serumneutralization test detects gaps in herd immunity].
Böttcher J, Alex M, Janowetz B … +3 more , Müller S, Schuh C, Niemeyer H
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080824
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) appears in two genotypes (EU and US), for both genotypes attenuated live-vaccines are available. A cross-sectional study in 38 Bavarian sow herds was performed...
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) appears in two genotypes (EU and US), for both genotypes attenuated live-vaccines are available. A cross-sectional study in 38 Bavarian sow herds was performed to assess the level of neutralizing antibodies. Per herd 38 blood samples were collected (10 weaned piglets, 10 gilts and 6 sows of 1./2., 3J4. and 5/6. parity, respectively). Sera were tested by ELISA, serumneutralization test (SNT) against EU- and US-vaccine virus, and pooled sera were tested by real-time RT-PCR. Herds were classified by the last vaccination of sows as "Vacc EU" "Vacc US"and "nv (non-vaccinated) and by detection of PRRSV-US and vaccination of piglets were not included as variables. Sows of group (2) Vacc EU/EU- showed the highest EU-SNT-titers irrespective of parity. Groups (5) Vacc US/EU+ and (1) Vacc EU/EU+ followed in descending order. Significantly lower SNT-titers in (1) Vacc EU/EU+ were especially observed in sows of 1/2. Parity (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). Very low SNT-titers were observed in the three remaining groups (3) nv/EU+, (4) nv/EU- and (6) Vacc US/EU-. In US-vaccinated herds detection of PRRSV-EU coincided with strong ELISA-reactivity in all animal groups. In EU-vaccinated herds this was only observed for weaned piglets. Sows showed a strong ELISA-reactivity irrespective of detection of PRRSV-EU. The value of the ELISA is restricted to the certification of PRRSV-free herds. The EU-SNT reflects the level of herd immunity at least against vaccine virus; it indicates gaps in herd immunity.
[Rhinoorbitocerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)].
Peters M, Eikelberg D, Jongmans V … +2 more , Pranada AB, Wohlsein P
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080823
An one-year-old male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) with abnormal behaviour was shot in order to exclude rabies virus infection. The 12.8 kg weighing animal was emaciated and revealed an asymmetric head with protruding l...
An one-year-old male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) with abnormal behaviour was shot in order to exclude rabies virus infection. The 12.8 kg weighing animal was emaciated and revealed an asymmetric head with protruding left eye and expositional keratitis. There was a grey whitish soft mass within the caudal nasal cavity, which had infiltrated the frontal cerebrum through the cribriform plate and the retrobulbar tissue through the orbita. Histologically, the mass consisted of a chronic granulomatous inflammation with plentiful fungal hyphae. Fungal culture revealed mold fungi of the zygomycotic genus Rhizomucor, which were differentiated as Rhizopus microsporus by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and DNA-sequencing. Rhinoorbitocerebral zygomycosis has to be considered as a differential diagnosis for nasal and orbital tumour-like lesions and as a cause of abnormal behaviour of roe deer.
[Equine infectious anemia--a review].
Haas L
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080822
This article combines essential facts of equine infectious anemia. Beside etiology and epidemiology, emphasis is put on the clinical course and laboratory diagnosis. Finally, control measures and prophylactic issues are...
This article combines essential facts of equine infectious anemia. Beside etiology and epidemiology, emphasis is put on the clinical course and laboratory diagnosis. Finally, control measures and prophylactic issues are discussed.
Effect of time of second GnRH vaccination on feed intake, carcass quality and fatty acid composition of male fatteners compared to entire boars and barrows.
Sattler T, Sauer F, Schmoll F
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080821
Objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of time point of second vaccination with the GnRH analogon Improvac on growth performance, carcass quality and fatty acid composition of male fatteners compared to sur...
Objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of time point of second vaccination with the GnRH analogon Improvac on growth performance, carcass quality and fatty acid composition of male fatteners compared to surgically castrated pigs and entire boars. The pigs (Piétrain-crossbreds) were divided into two vaccination groups with first GnRH vaccination at eleven weeks of age and second vaccination at 21 (group IA, n = 84) or 18 weeks (IB, n = 83) of age, one group with surgically castrated males (C, n = 90) and one with entire males (EM, n = 91). Body weight, feed conversion rate, carcass quality and fatty acid composition in back fat were estimated. Feed conversion rate until second vaccination was better (P < 0.05) in the vaccination groups (1:2.39) and in group EM (1:2.34) than in group C (1:2.55). Carcass weight did not differ between the groups. Vaccination groups had significantly (P < 0.01) leaner meat (IA: 58.9%, IB: 58.3%) and less back fat (IA: 14.6 mm, IB: 15.5 mm) than group C (56.5%, 17.1 mm). Fatty acid composition was shifted to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in back fat in vaccination groups and EM compared to C. The time lag between second vaccination and slaughter had no influence on growth performance, feed intake and carcass quality. C18:3 and C20:2 were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in group IB than in IA, but PUFA did not differ between vaccination groups. GnRH vaccinated fatteners were economically superior to surgically castrated in this study.
[Comparative field study of litter moisture and footpad alterations during the rearing period of fattening turkeys].
Hübel J, Bergmann S, Ziegler N … +4 more , Willig R, Truyen U, Erhard MH, Krautwald-Junghanns ME
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080820
In the course of a nationwide performed field study from 2010 to 2012, the footpad health of conventionally kept fattening turkeys and their rearing conditions were studied and compared to results from litter moisture me...
In the course of a nationwide performed field study from 2010 to 2012, the footpad health of conventionally kept fattening turkeys and their rearing conditions were studied and compared to results from litter moisture measurements. In each case two rearing periods from 24 rearing farms were chosen and visited 3 to 5 days after delivery of the poults (examination 1) and again during the days 22 to 35 (examination 2). In the course of each flock inspection 60 randomly chosen turkeys were examined by adspection and palpation. Litter samples from drinking, feeding and resting areas were taken using the Darr procedure to measure moisture. Data regarding rearing conditions was collected from the farmer using standardized questionnaires. The litter moisture was 10% (6-20%) before the birds' entered the barn. At the time of examination 1 litter moisture of 43% (14-67%) in the drinking zone, 28% (12-66%) in the feeding zone, and 13% (8-31%) in the resting area were measured. At the time of examination 2 the litter moisture measurements showed 51% (32-72%) in the drinking zone, 27% (13-56% in the feeding zone and 28% (16-53%) in the resting area. At the time of examination 127.3% of the poults had footpad alterations, during examination 2 that number increased to 63.3% with 12.1% showing epithelial necrosis. The young turkeys on the three most commonly used litter substrates showed the following results at the time of examination 2: when held on straw pellets 58%, on wood shavings 29%, and on straw 17% showed unaltered footpads. Regarding the housing conditions the examinations showed specifically differences in stocking rate, drinking system and litter management.
Varying antibody responses of laying hens housed in an aviary system and in furnished cages.
Auerbach MI, Glünder G, Weber RM
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080819
Antibody titers after vaccination against Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and after natural infection with Campylobacter were analyzed in five trials with Lohmann Silver laying hens kept...
Antibody titers after vaccination against Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and after natural infection with Campylobacter were analyzed in five trials with Lohmann Silver laying hens kept in two different housing systems. In these studies it could be demonstrated that antibodies against IBV and Campylobacter were in 4 out of 5 respectively in 2 out of 5 trials significantly higher in hens housed in an aviary system compared to those kept in furnished cages. The opposite trend was observed for antibodies against NDV which were on average significantly higher in cages. The mean mortality rate was slightly higher in hens kept in the aviary system compared to the cage system.
Campylobacter infections in four poultry species in respect of frequency, onset of infection and seasonality.
Weber R, Auerbach M, Jung A … +1 more , Glünder G
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 25080818
Over a seven-year period (2001-2007) flocks of four poultry species, 52 broiler flocks, 46 Pekin duck flocks, 22 Muscovy duck flocks, 20 turkey flocks, which were kept on the same farm, were continuously investigated for...
Over a seven-year period (2001-2007) flocks of four poultry species, 52 broiler flocks, 46 Pekin duck flocks, 22 Muscovy duck flocks, 20 turkey flocks, which were kept on the same farm, were continuously investigated for Campylobacter (C). Altogether 76.1% of the broiler flocks, 59.6% of the Pekin duck flocks, 68.2% of the Muscovy duck flocks and 90.0% turkey flocks were Campylobacter positive. The prevalence during the course of the fattening period increased steadily. There was no specific point of time for the onset of infection. More detailed examination over a one-year period showed the highest isolation rates of C. coli from July to September and a higher isolation rate of the same agent with increasing age, in all species except Muscovy ducks. Moreover, C. coli was isolated more often from the lungs of broilers and Muscovy ducks than from the other two bird species. Flocks of all species housed during the summer months featured a higher prevalence of Campylobacter colonisation than those housed in winter. This was statistically significant for broilers. Another approach for evaluating the seasonality of Campylobacter colonisation was to compare the age of the respective poultry species when the onset occurred in summer and in winter. All poultry species were younger when infection was introduced into a flock in summer. This was statistically significant for broilers and for Pekin ducks.
Effects of two dietary vitamin and mineral supplements on the growth and health of Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni).
Hetényi N, Sátorhelyi T, Kovács S … +1 more , Hullár I
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881278
The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effects of two different vitamin and mineral supplements on the growth and health of Hermann's tortoises. Twelve one-month-old tortoises were randomly divided into two...
The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effects of two different vitamin and mineral supplements on the growth and health of Hermann's tortoises. Twelve one-month-old tortoises were randomly divided into two groups of six animals (group A and B). Diets were supplemented on a daily basis with two different products ("A": vit. D350 000 IU/kg, 150 g/kg Ca or "B": vit. D3, 2000 IU/kg, 148 g/kg Ca) for 12 months. Product "B" was richer in most of the vitamins. Weight and shell parameters were measured weekly. After one year animals in group B had significantly higher final body weights than those in group A (186.7 g vs. 131.6 g). The shell of the individuals in group A was firm and healthy, while all the tortoises in group B (in different levels) had weakened shells. The loss of bone tissue was not so serious to have visual signs on x-rays. High amount of vitamins (vitamin E, K, B1, 2, 6, 12, biotin) given for safety reasons and relatively low level of vitamin D3 (like in product "B") applied on a daily basis seem to be disadvantageous. The moderate metabolic bone disease that developed in group B during the experiment could be treated after the study by using the supplement "A". The authors recommend such supplements which have similar ingredients to product "A" for growing tortoises housed indoor with low or without irradiation exposure to UVB.
Prevalence of antibodies to Leptospira hardjo in bulk tank milk from unvaccinated dairy herds in the south-west region of Poland.
Rypuła K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K, Bierowiec K … +3 more , Chorbiński P, Pearce MC, Lesiak M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881277
Bulk tank milk samples were collected from 309 randomly selected dairy cattle herds from the south-western region of Poland in 2010-2011. Samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira hardjo using DAS-ELISA. Herd...
Bulk tank milk samples were collected from 309 randomly selected dairy cattle herds from the south-western region of Poland in 2010-2011. Samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira hardjo using DAS-ELISA. Herd level seroprevalence of antibodies against this serovar was low (3.2%). Sample value related to positive control value (S/P ratio) results were highest in herds with 51-100 and 101-500 animals, being 4.6 and 4.1% respectively. The S/P ratio of positive samples indicated a low percentage of infected animals in positive herds.
Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV 1) carriers among urban breeding facilities in Wroclaw (Poland).
Płoneczka-Janeczko K, Bierowiec K, Bania J … +2 more , Kiełbowicz M, Kiełbowicz Z
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881276
The prevalence of Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV 1) carriers among closed, one-cat breeding facilities in the urban environment of Wrocław city between 2011-2013 was investigated. A probe-based real-time PCR was used to detect...
The prevalence of Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV 1) carriers among closed, one-cat breeding facilities in the urban environment of Wrocław city between 2011-2013 was investigated. A probe-based real-time PCR was used to detect FHV 1 DNA in conjunctival swab extracts. Of the 67 breeding cats investigated 14 animals (20.9%) were confirmed to contain FHV 1 specific DNA. The herpesvirus DNA was detected in eight cats from the group expressing clinical signs of FHV 1 infection (n = 28) and in six clinically healthy animals (n = 39). The percentage of positive carriers ranged from 12 to 44%, depending on the frequency of sampling. The total prevalence in cats at the optimal age for reproduction (2 to 7 years) was 20%. One-cat breeding facilities of purebred cats in Wrocław (Poland) constitute a significant reservoir of FHV 1 and the number of monitoring repeats may influences the success of FHV 1 detection.
In vitro cytotoxicity and multiplex PCR detection of virulence factors of Yersinia ruckeri isolated from rainbow trout in North West Germany.
Huang Y, Adamek M, Walker C … +2 more , Runge M, Steinhagen D
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881275
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in presence and expression of virulence factors between biotype 1 and 2 strains of 82 Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri isolates, collected from North West Germany during the peri...
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in presence and expression of virulence factors between biotype 1 and 2 strains of 82 Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri isolates, collected from North West Germany during the period of 2004-2012, and to analyze the cytotoxicity of these strains to different fish cell lines. The common virulence factor genes, such as yhlA and yhlB encoding for hemolysin YhlA, rucC and rupG encoding for ruckerbactin, yrp1 and yrpDEF for ABC exporter protein system, and two flagellar genes, including flgA for flagellar secretion chaperones and flhA for flagellar secretion apparatus, were found present in both biotype 1 and 2 isolates of Y. ruckeri collected from North West Germany using multiplex PCR. mRNA expression of these genes was compared between the two biotypes of Y. ruckeri. There was no significant diversity (p > 0.05) in the expression of these genes between biotype 1 and 2 strains. 27 Y. ruckeri isolates from different typing groups were analysed in cytotoxicity tests to common carp brain (CCB), epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow epithelial (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) cells, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity of the isolates to CCB, EPC and FHM was higher than that to RTG-2 (p < 0.05). At 15 degrees C the maximum cytotoxicity to FHM and EPC was higher in non-motile strains than in motile stains after an incubation of 24 h (p < 0.05), however, after 48 h, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) of cytotoxicity between those two biotypes. Our results suggest that biotype 2 strains from North West Germany are homogenous with biotype 1 strains on the basis of genetic virulence factor genes. At lower temperature non-motile Y. ruckeri isolates were found more active than motile strains, which could explain why in winter non-motile strains were found more often responsible for ERM outbreaks than motile strains.
[Amyloidosis in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo f. domestica)--a case report].
Breuer W, Moser H, De Souza-Pilz M … +4 more , Lüschow D, Hafner-Marx A, Deischl K, Hafez HM
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881274
High prevalence of leg disorders in fattening meat turkey farm was observed. Four birds as well as tracheal and joint swabs were submitted to the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority in Oberschleissheim and to the I...
High prevalence of leg disorders in fattening meat turkey farm was observed. Four birds as well as tracheal and joint swabs were submitted to the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority in Oberschleissheim and to the Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin. At the post-mortem, all birds showed an inflammation of the hock joints (intertarsal joint). The histopatholical investigations revealed a chronic inflammation of the joint and amyloid deposits in the joints in two cases as well as in different tissues (liver, spleen and kidneys) in another two cases. Using polymerase chain reaction, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale-DNA could be detected in the examined tracheal and joint swabs. On the other hand, Mycoplasma gallisepticum- and Mycoplasma synoviae-DNA could not be detected. A causal correlation between the detected infectious agent and amyloidosis in relation to the leg disorders were discussed.
[First detection of psittacid herpesvirus 2 in Congo African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) associated with pharyngeal papillomas and cloacal inflammation in Germany].
Legler M, Kothe R, Wohlsein P … +3 more , Hewicker-Trautwein M, Kummerfeld N, Rautenschlein S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881273
Congo African Grey Parrots (GP; Psittacus erithacus erithacus) from four different avicultures, presented in the Clinic for Exotic Pets, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, showed...
Congo African Grey Parrots (GP; Psittacus erithacus erithacus) from four different avicultures, presented in the Clinic for Exotic Pets, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, showed choanal papillomas or hyperemia of the cloacal mucosa. Histologically, the mucosal choanal proliferations were diagnosed as exophytic papillomas and a mild hyperplasia of the cloacal mucosa with lympho-histiocytic inflammation with no visible inclusion bodies was found. Herpesvirus genome was detected by nested PCR in pooled choanal and cloacal swabs from clinically diseased parrots and healthy contact animals. Sequencing of parts of the herpesvirus DNA-polymerase gene indicated 98-100% homology of the detected herpesviruses with the Psittacid Herpesvirus 2 (PsHV-2). In one aviculture with cloacal inflammation papillomavirus-DNA was concurrently found to a PsHV-2 infection. In addition to the four avicultures with clinical symptoms 25 more flocks of grey parrots, in total 57 Congo-GP and 13 Timneh-GP, were examined for a herpesvirus infection. A total of six out of 29 studied parrot avicultures were tested positive for PsHV-2. The detection of this virus also in flocks of GP, which were bred in Europe, shows the establishment of this infection in the GP population in captivity. As indicated in the literature as well as in our study PsHV-2 could be only detected in Congo-GP, independently if they were kept either alone or in mixed avicultures with amazon and macaw species. These findings suggest that PsHV-2 is adapted to this Psittacus species.
Comparative evaluation of serum, FTA filter-dried blood and oral fluid as sample material for PRRSV diagnostics by RT-qPCR in a small-scale experimental study.
Steinrigl A, Revilla-Fernández S, Wodak E … +2 more , Schmoll F, Sattler T
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881272
Recently, research into alternative sample materials, such as oral fluid or filter-dried blood has been intensified, in order to facilitate cost-effective and animal-friendly sampling of individuals or groups of pigs for...
Recently, research into alternative sample materials, such as oral fluid or filter-dried blood has been intensified, in order to facilitate cost-effective and animal-friendly sampling of individuals or groups of pigs for diagnostic purposes. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-RNA detection by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in serum, FTA filter-dried blood and oral fluid sampled from individual pigs. Ten PRRSV negative pigs were injected with an EU-type PRRSV live vaccine. Blood and oral fluid samples were taken from each pig before, and 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after vaccination. All samples were then analyzed by PRRSV RT-qPCR. In serum, eight often pigs tested RT-qPCR positive at different time points post infection. Absolute quantification showed low serum PRRSV-RNA loads in most samples. In comparison to serum, sensitivity of PRRSV-RNA detection was strongly reduced in matched FTA filter-dried blood and in oral fluid from the same pigs. These results indicate that with low PRRSV-RNA loads the diagnostic sensitivity of PRRSV-RNA detection by RT-qPCR achieved with serum is currently unmatched by either FTA filter-dried blood or oral fluid.
[Metaphylactic antibiotic treatment of footrot in sheep using Florfenicol].
Strobel H, Stauch S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881271
A case report describes the metaphylactic antibiotic treatment of 520 sheep suffering from footrot (lameness prevalence > 60%) in late pregnancy (targeted selective treatment). Because of the lack of pharmaceuticals lice...
A case report describes the metaphylactic antibiotic treatment of 520 sheep suffering from footrot (lameness prevalence > 60%) in late pregnancy (targeted selective treatment). Because of the lack of pharmaceuticals licensed for sheep and footrot in Germany in 2009, Florfenicol was used off label. Clinical recovery was observed a few days after a one shot application of florfenicol without any further treatment. The examination of all feet after weaning revealed no clinical symptoms in 96% of the sheep. Complete healing of almost all affected sheep was achieved. No transmission of footrot to lambs was noticed. Since the goal of the treatment was relief from pain and suffering under the particular conditions of late pregnancy and not a clinical study on efficacy no untreated control group was established for comparison. The suitability of the method for eliminating footrot in sheep flocks during the housing period in winter is discussed.
Molecular characterization of Fasciola samples, collected from different host species coming from the endemic area of Turkey.
Dosay-Akbulut M, Köse M, Erdoğan M … +3 more , Uğuz C, Sevimli FK, Lenger OF
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881270
Economical animal breeding programs are important for achieving maximum gain, and any factors resulting in economical loss should be minimized or eliminated. An organism of concern is the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica,...
Economical animal breeding programs are important for achieving maximum gain, and any factors resulting in economical loss should be minimized or eliminated. An organism of concern is the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, which causes decreased yield and even death in sheep and dairy cattle. In an effort to eliminate or minimize the detrimental effect of this parasite in animals, it is important to understand the genetic diversity within the liver flukes and the relationship between this parasite and the host in the particular geographic area. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity by analyzing the mitochondrial ND1 and cyt b genes and Ribosomal ITS1-2 regions. With these analyses, the individual differences, the host animal differences and combined effects of these factors on genetic relationships have been determined.
[Clinical situation, diagnosis and prevention of a Streptococcus suis serotype 7 problem on a farm].
Unterweger C, Baums CG, Höcher M … +3 more , Fischer L, Weiss A, Hennig-Pauka I
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881269
In an Austrian piglet producing farm with 1500 sows a high incidence of meningitis, arthritis and sudden death was recorded in five to eight week old piglets. Overall losses were 1.8%. Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 7...
In an Austrian piglet producing farm with 1500 sows a high incidence of meningitis, arthritis and sudden death was recorded in five to eight week old piglets. Overall losses were 1.8%. Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 7 was detected with an intermediate to high specific bacterial load in all samples taken from brains and joints of 17 untreated piglets with typical clinical signs. All isolates showed an identical spectrum of virulence-associated genes (mrp+, epf-, ofs-, sly-) and expressed a relatively small variant of MRP (Muramidase-Released Protein) called MRPs. A bacterin was produced using four of the S. suis serotype 7 isolates. An untreated and non-vaccinated control group A with 957 piglets, a non-vaccinated but amoxicillin-treated group B with 1012 piglets and an untreated group C with 998 piglets, which was vaccinated twice in the first and third week of life, were compared. Later, an additional group D with 290 piglets was vaccinated twice in the fourth and sixth week of life. Amoxicillin treatment in group B resulted in the lowest mortality and morbidity rate. Furthermore, the incidence of lameness and losses were significantly lower in vaccinated pigs compared to the control group. In an ex vivo blood survival assay, a strong bactericidal effect of the post immune sera of group D animals was found. This is likely due to the presence of specific opsonizing antibodies against S. suis elicited through vaccination and associated with the protective efficacy of the vaccine.
Analysis of heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in laying hens kept in a small group housing system.
Habig C, Pendl H, Distl O
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881268
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the level of stress imposed on two different layer lines kept in a small group housing system Eurovent German with two group sizes and three tiers. A total of 615...
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the level of stress imposed on two different layer lines kept in a small group housing system Eurovent German with two group sizes and three tiers. A total of 615 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and 633 Lohmann Brown (LB) hens were examined in four consecutive trials. Based on differential white blood cell counts, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L-ratio) was calculated as an indicator of stress. The H/L-ratios significantly differed among the two layer lines, with 2.5-fold higher H/L-ratios in LB than in LSL. No significant differences across and within layer lines could be found between the different group sizes. A significant 0.7-fold decrease of the H/L-ratio could be shown in LSL layers when the space per hen was increased from 828 to 920 cm2.
Erysipelas in a free-range layer flock with conjunctival oedema as an unusual clinical sign.
Schmitt F, Schade B, Böhm B … +2 more , Shimoji Y, Pfahler C
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881267
Erysipelas was diagnosed in a free-range laying flock with a high mortality of up to 7% per day and a severe decrease in egg production to 45%. The disease had a short course and unusual clinical features for erysipelas,...
Erysipelas was diagnosed in a free-range laying flock with a high mortality of up to 7% per day and a severe decrease in egg production to 45%. The disease had a short course and unusual clinical features for erysipelas, including swollen, lacrimating and encrusted eyes. Bacteriologically, trapped poultry red mites and affected animals were culture-positive for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Isolates from layers and mites were both serotype 1b. Histopathology revealed disseminated intravasal coagulopathy in conjunctival small vessels as the cause of the oedema of the eye adnexes. After treatment with penicillin, mortality and egg production returned to normal levels. Although erysipelas in laying hens is rarely reported, it can develop as an emerging disease in alternative rearing systems and should always be considered if mortality increases in an older flock, especially with a high infestation of poultry red mites.
Effect of heat stress on physiological parameters and blood composition in Polish Merino rams.
Cwynar P, Kolacz R, Czerski A
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24881266
The Merino sheep represents the most prevalent sheep breed in Poland and is one of the most genetic-stable sheep races. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the responses of Polish Merino sheep to three therm...
The Merino sheep represents the most prevalent sheep breed in Poland and is one of the most genetic-stable sheep races. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the responses of Polish Merino sheep to three thermal conditions: thermoneutral (16.5 degrees C, group I), mild heat stress (30 degrees C, group II), and severe heat stress (50 degrees C, group III). During the experiment heart rate (HR; beats/min), respiratory rate (RR; breaths/min), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperatures (ST) were measured daily. The ST measured at four points of the animal body was mostly statistically different (p < 0.01) between the treatment groups. It was found that the highest HR occurred in group II (30 degrees C), and that it was higher than in groups I (16.5 degrees C) and III (50 degrees C) (p < 0.01 for groups I, III). The RR was different (p < 0.01) in all experimental groups (I, II, III) with the highest increase in group II. There was also a clear and significant (p < 0.01) increase in RT during the heat stress phases. Blood analysis including morphology, biochemistry and hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, and cortisol) was also performed. Significant differences in cortisol level in group II (p < 0.01) and group III (p < 0.05) were observed. There was an upward trend in adrenaline and ACTH as a result of increasing temperature. Differences in noradrenaline levels (p <0.01), with the highest level recorded in group III, were also observed. Additionally there was a strong upward trend in blood parameters, especially in hormone concentrations (cortisol, noradrenaline).
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