The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Exploring the potential association between oral contraceptive use and risk of low energy availability with fitness adaptations and training loads in female university soccer players.
Thompson KM, Mendrek A, Paludo AC … +2 more , Adamo KB, DA Silva DF
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41859837 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The research underrepresentation of female athletes has left gaps in understanding factors influencing female athlete performance. We aimed to examine the impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use and low energy...
BACKGROUND: The research underrepresentation of female athletes has left gaps in understanding factors influencing female athlete performance. We aimed to examine the impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use and low energy availability (LEA) risk on training loads and physical fitness changes over a competitive season. METHODS: Eighteen female university soccer players completed fitness tests before and after the winter competitive season. Training loads were tracked over seven weeks using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Reproductive factors, including OC use and LEA risk, were assessed through LEAF-Q. Two-way mixed ANOVA for repeated measures, with Bonferroni corrections, was applied. Correlations between LEAF-Q scores, weekly average sRPE, and fitness changes were examined. RESULTS: Weekly average sRPE ranged from 316±39 to 388±51 arbitrary units. No interaction was found between LEA risk or OC use and time, but time effects were significant (P<0.001), with week 5 sRPE > weeks 1-3, 6, and 7, and week 6 > week 7 (N.=18). Fitness improvements were noted post-season for aerobic fitness (YYRT-1; 19±31%), agility (IAT; -1.7±2.2%), sprint (-1.9±3.1%), broad jump (3.3±4.3%), and squats (18±16%) (P<0.05) in the whole sample. No LEA risk effects were found. Overall, OC users presented slower sprint speed at the baseline (F[1]=5.787; P=0.032) but no group-time interaction was found. A positive correlation was observed between week 7 sRPE and LEAF-Q score (r=0.507; P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: LEA risk and OC use presented no consistent association with training loads and fitness adaptations in university soccer players. Small sample size and sRPE monitoring focused on practices only limited the generalizability of our findings and a clearer understanding of the total weekly training load.
From talented junior to World Tour cyclist: significance of physiological and psychological characteristics.
Roete AJ, Helmantel AJ, Lamberts RP … +1 more , Elferink-Gemser MT
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41859836 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Junior cyclists' anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics influence their performance. Understanding what distinguishes those who became successful from those who did not provides valu...
BACKGROUND: Junior cyclists' anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics influence their performance. Understanding what distinguishes those who became successful from those who did not provides valuable insights for talent development. However, sample sizes in talent investigations are inherently small. Therefore, this study introduced Z-scores for analyzing talents' characteristics and identifying any discernible patterns in those who advanced to the World Tour level within their first three senior years and those who did not. The study also examined sex-based differences to determine whether sex-disaggregated analyses should be done separately for sex. METHODS: Anthropometric (height, weight), physiological (absolute, relative, VO<inf>2</inf>max, peak power output), and psychological characteristics (goal orientation, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and self-confidence) were assessed in a cohort of 37 talented junior cyclists (27 males/10 females) aged 17-18 years. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze sex-based differences and a novel method using Z-scores was introduced to examine characteristics influencing eventual success. RESULTS: The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) Test with post-hoc tests revealed sex-based differences in anthropometric and physiological characteristics (P<0.01), but not in psychological characteristics (P>0.05). Differential Z-Score patterns were detected, with eventually successful male attaining higher combined scores for relative VO<inf>2</inf>max and self-confidence than the less successful cyclists. No clear patterns emerged for women. CONCLUSIONS: Analysing Z-Score patterns may yield insight into the characteristics underlying talents' eventual success. Higher Z-scores across multiple characteristics in male junior cyclists indicated that well-developed physiological as well as psychological characteristics are important for advancing to the World Tour level. The pathway for women appeared to be less selective.
The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids administration on oral health in humans: a scoping review.
Corbari LA, Steffens JP
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jul · PMID 41859835 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to evaluate the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) administration on oral health in humans, distinguishing between medical indications (e.g., replacement therapy) and abus...
BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to evaluate the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) administration on oral health in humans, distinguishing between medical indications (e.g., replacement therapy) and abuse, while mapping their impact on oral conditions and identifying gaps in knowledge. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library databases. Search terms included keywords related to AAS, testosterone and specific oral health conditions such as dental caries, tooth loss/edentulism, periodontal disease, oral trauma, and oral cancer. Studies were screened and selected based on inclusion criteria: adult humans, AAS use and reported oral health outcomes, with findings interpreted separately according to medical indication (replacement vs. abuse). RESULTS: After screening, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. In the context of AAS abuse, users exhibited poorer periodontal health, with higher rates of severe periodontitis, increased gingival inflammation, and greater gingival thickness. Oral trauma studies indicated a higher frequency of temporomandibular dysfunction and malocclusion among users. A severe adverse event (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) was also reported in one case of AAS abuse. Conversely, studies addressing medical indications found that therapeutic AAS administration was associated with reduced mucosal toxicity, decreased pain, and remission of aphthous lesions. No studies evaluating dental caries, tooth loss/edentulism, or cleft lip and palate were identified. The effect of AAS on human oral health is critically dependent on the context of administration. AAS abuse is associated with significant oral pathology, notably the increased severity of periodontal disease and risk of severe mucocutaneous adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Conversely, AAS administered under medical indication demonstrated therapeutic potential in reducing treatment-related toxicity (e.g., in oral cancer) and promoting the resolution of recurrent soft tissue lesions (e.g., aphthous ulcers). It is recommended that future studies adopt well-designed sampling strategies in longitudinal studies to enhance clinicians' and researchers' understanding of its effects and mechanisms, ultimately enabling evidence-based recommendations or advisories for or against its use for oral conditions. Health professionals should be aware of the distinct oral health risks and benefits associated with AAS. AAS abuse represents a critical risk factor for severe periodontal pathology and potential mucocutaneous adverse events. Conversely, low-level evidence supports recognizing the therapeutic potential of medically indicated AAS as supportive care for conditions like chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced mucositis and recurrent soft tissue lesions. Identifying gaps in the literature highlights the need for broader research to ensure the safe monitoring of individuals who use these substances.
Dehydration reduces heart rate variability in recreationally resistance-trained men.
Hernandez MI, Jiwan NC, Appell CR … +5 more , Dunn RA, Ky AT, Keefe MS, Luk HY, Sekiguchi Y
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41838387 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Optimizing hydration strategies is essential for athletic recovery, yet over 50% of athletes arrive at training dehydrated. Heart rate variability (HRV) assesses recovery and could be influenced by hydration...
BACKGROUND: Optimizing hydration strategies is essential for athletic recovery, yet over 50% of athletes arrive at training dehydrated. Heart rate variability (HRV) assesses recovery and could be influenced by hydration status and resistance exercise (RE). This study investigated the effects of pre-RE hydration status on HRV up to 3 hours following RE. METHODS: Twelve recreationally resistance-trained men (mean±SD; age: 21±2 years; weight: 81.3±12.8 kg; height: 176.3±5.8 cm) completed 5 sets of 10 repetitions of bilateral leg press and knee extension at 80% of 1RM. Participants performed resistance exercise while euhydrated (EUH) or dehydrated (DEH) in a randomized order, indicated by a urine specific gravity of <1.020 and ≥1.020, respectively. HRV was assessed pre-RE, immediately post-RE, and hourly for 3 hours post-RE. Linear mixed-effects models assessed differences in HRV parameters between hydration conditions. RESULTS: Independent of time, dehydration significantly reduced HF power (DEH: 27.4±18.2%; EUH: 33.0±18.6%, P<0.01, d=0.30) and increased LF power (DEH: 61.7±15.6%; EUH: 56.3±14.8%, P<0.05, d=0.36) and LF/HF ratio (DEH: 4.5±4.3; EUH: 2.8±2.3, P<0.01, d=0.49) compared to euhydration. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results indicate that dehydration increases sympathetic activity and reduces parasympathetic activity, reducing HRV. These results provide implications for optimizing recovery status in athletes.
Investigation of factors associated with shoulder pain in elite male high school soft tennis players.
Watabu T, Tanabe T, Miaki H … +3 more , Sugano T, Kosaka M, Yoshimizu R
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41811710 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Soft tennis is a racket sport involving frequent overhead motions that is popular in Asia, especially among high school students in Japan. In other overhead sports, such as baseball and tennis, lower kinetic...
BACKGROUND: Soft tennis is a racket sport involving frequent overhead motions that is popular in Asia, especially among high school students in Japan. In other overhead sports, such as baseball and tennis, lower kinetic chain elements, such as hip range of motion (ROM), have been implicated in the development of shoulder pain. However, their specific involvement has not been fully clarified. METHODS: In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated 160 elite male high school soft tennis players. Collected data included participant characteristics, history of shoulder pain, and passive shoulder and hip ROM. Three logistic regression models were constructed: Model 1 (height + shoulder ROM), Model 2 (height + hip ROM), and Model 3 (height + shoulder and hip ROM). Model performance was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Model 3 demonstrated the best overall fit (AIC: 185.1, BIC: 197.4, AUC: 0.73); however, the improvement over Model 1 was marginal in practical terms. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and height were significantly associated with shoulder pain, whereas hip ROM variables were not. CONCLUSIONS: GIRD and shorter stature were associated with shoulder pain in elite male high school soft tennis players. Hip ROM was not directly associated with shoulder pain. This study is the first to investigate shoulder pain-related factors in elite adolescent soft tennis players by systematically comparing shoulder ROM-only, hip ROM-only, and combined models, demonstrating greater explanatory performance for models incorporating shoulder ROM.
Intensive cycling training increases serum calprotectin and PTX3 concentrations in professional athletes.
Alfirević I, Saračević A, Čičak H … +8 more , Radišić Biljak V, Alfirević I, Praljak ŠP, Galić H, Pekas D, Kačkov S, Banovac A, Galić E
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41811709 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Physical training induces both inflammatory and metabolic changes in professional athletes. The present cohort study aimed to evaluate serum calprotectin and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) concentrations before and after...
BACKGROUND: Physical training induces both inflammatory and metabolic changes in professional athletes. The present cohort study aimed to evaluate serum calprotectin and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) concentrations before and after a high-intensity cycling session in professional athletes. We also aimed to explore their relationship with classical inflammatory and metabolic markers such as white blood cells (WBC), glucose, lactate, uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS: A total of 25 athletes (cyclists and triathletes) participated in the study protocol. Blood was taken from each participant before and immediately after a 2-hour cycling training for glucose, uric acid, calprotectin, PTX3, CRP, complete blood count and lactate measurement. RESULTS: Statistically significant increase after intensive training was found for WBC, neutrophil, mean corpuscular volume, lactate, uric acid, calprotectin and PTX3 concentrations, and a decrease in lymphocyte and eosinophil count when compared to values before training. No statistically significant correlation was found between changes in calprotectin concentration and changes in metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. For changes in PTX3 concentration, only a poor negative correlation was found between its changes and changes in lymphocyte count. As with calprotectin, no other statistically significant correlation was found between changes in PTX3 concentration and changes in metabolic parameters and other inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive cycling training leads to significant increase in both serum calprotectin and PTX3 concentration in professional cyclists. This increase is not associated with changes in other inflammation and metabolic biomarkers. Calprotectin and pentraxin 3 could serve as a sensitive, early and sports-related biomarkers of physiological stress.
A brief, clinically feasible alternative to evaluate response to exercise following sport-related concussion: initial validation of the 10-M in male healthy controls.
Sinnott AM, Paddack M, Ruddy G … +8 more , Carlton B, Kochick VL, Eagle SR, Collins MW, Mihalik JP, Ostop S, Connaboy C, Kontos AP
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41801238 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare physiological responses, concussion symptoms, and rating of perceived exertion between the 10-M and treadmill protocols for the aerobic component of the dynamic exertion test (EXiT). We hy...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare physiological responses, concussion symptoms, and rating of perceived exertion between the 10-M and treadmill protocols for the aerobic component of the dynamic exertion test (EXiT). We hypothesized that these outcomes would be similar between protocols and have moderate-to-strong agreement. METHODS: We conducted a within subject, cross-over study design comprised of fourteen healthy and physically active male adults. Participants performed the treadmill and the 10-M protocols in a randomized order separated by a 30-minute rest period. Pre- and postexercise resting heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Symptoms (headache, dizziness, and nausea), and RPE were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were conducted for HR and BP, and Cronbach's alpha for symptoms and RPE. RESULTS: There was moderate agreement for HR across minutes 6-12 (ICC>0.723, P<0.002) and postexercise diastolic BP (ICC=0.776, P<0.022), but not postexercise systolic BP or resting HR (P>0.05). Concussion symptoms and RPE were equivocal (Cronbach's alpha = 0.955, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Physiological and clinical responses between 10-M and treadmill conditions for the aerobic component of EXiT were comparable; the 10-M protocol may be an alternative approach to implement the aerobic component of EXiT.
A behavioral analysis of reaction time in adolescents.
Buzzelli S, Caprioli L
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Jun · PMID 41801237 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Fast reaction is critical in sports, and understanding the factors that influence it can be a valuable contribution for coaches and sports scientists. METHODS: This cross-sectional study presents a descriptiv...
BACKGROUND: Fast reaction is critical in sports, and understanding the factors that influence it can be a valuable contribution for coaches and sports scientists. METHODS: This cross-sectional study presents a descriptive analysis of reaction time (RT) in a thousand adolescents and explores the influence of gender, age, and sports activity. Simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times are measured using a standardized electronic device. RESULTS: Results showed a decrease in RT with age, indicating improved neurocognitive efficiency during adolescence. No remarkable gender differences were found for either SRT or CRT. Contrary to expectations, competitive sports seem to have no impact on RT, and some sedentary individuals exhibited faster RTs than athletes. Mixed results were observed when comparing tennis players and athletes from other sports between the two genders. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes suggest that RT may be more influenced by specific training and other factors (i.e., cognitive-attentive and personal) rather than general sports participation.
Effects of physical activity and exercise interventions in health-related variables in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients during clinical treatment: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.
Morante-Sainz I, Ruiz-Pérez I, Maldonado-Martin S
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757629 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cancer-related fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are common among lymphoma patients undergoing treatment. Exercise may be safe and feasible for individuals with hematological malign...
INTRODUCTION: Cancer-related fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are common among lymphoma patients undergoing treatment. Exercise may be safe and feasible for individuals with hematological malignancies, with potential benefits in mitigating treatment-related toxicity and enhancing treatment tolerance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on health-related outcomes such as HRQOL, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fatigue, and body composition in this population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched following PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024497531). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Five studies (N.=118, 68.6±9.04 years) were included. HRQOL components such as physical functioning (95% CI: 2.97, 26.41), body pain (95% CI: 6.26, 17.35), general health (95% CI: 3.20, 29.72), vitality (95% CI: 4.54, 27.09), emotional role functioning (95% CI: 1.43, 69.50), and mental health (95% CI: 14.73, 21.50) and lower limb strength measured by the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (95% CI: 1.11, 3.48) significantly (P<0.05) improved. No significant effects were found for fatigue, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, or cardiorespiratory fitness. The skeletal muscle index significantly decreased (95% CI: -0.5, -0.13; P<0.05), indicating ongoing muscle loss despite exercise interventions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the safety and feasibility of exercise for patients with hematological cancers, showing moderate improvements in physical function and HRQOL. However, heterogeneity in study designs and small sample sizes limit the generalizability of the results.
Cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of blood flow restriction training in older or high-risk cardiovascular disease population: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yudiansyah AG, Tanjaya K, Wendry J … +4 more , Anggarkusuma MV, Wulandari KS, Adrianta M, Nugroho MB
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757628 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is proposed to benefit elderly and high-risk cardiovascular populations due to its lower joint and cardiovascular strain. However, i...
INTRODUCTION: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is proposed to benefit elderly and high-risk cardiovascular populations due to its lower joint and cardiovascular strain. However, its safety remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of BFR training in improving cardiovascular health and inflammatory markers in elderly and high-risk individuals. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Following PRISMA guidelines, six databases were systematically searched for studies involving BFR training in elderly (>60 years) or high-risk cardiovascular populations. Primary outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species, and adverse events. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed using odds ratios, and continuous outcomes using mean differences. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted with RevMan 5.4 and RStudio. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria. BFR training significantly increased VEGF (P=0.03) and IGF-1 (P=0.02), indicating angiogenic and metabolic benefits. No significant effects were found for blood pressure, HDL, or inflammatory markers overall. Subgroup analysis revealed increased SBP among healthy elderly individuals (mean difference: 7.48 mmHg; P=0.01), suggesting possible sympathetic activation and altered vascular compliance. CONCLUSIONS: BFR training shows potential for cardiovascular and metabolic improvements; however, its inconsistent effects on blood pressure and inflammation warrant further safety evaluation.
Ninja warrior injuries: from epidemiology to management and return to sports.
Lindner D, Yona T, Haichin L … +3 more , Gilboa D, Beer Y, Gilat R
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757627 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Ninja warrior activities have gained considerable popularity worldwide in recent years. Despite the increasing number of participants, there is limited research on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuri...
INTRODUCTION: Ninja warrior activities have gained considerable popularity worldwide in recent years. Despite the increasing number of participants, there is limited research on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in these activities. This study aims to investigate the frequency, types, and severity of injuries sustained during ninja warrior activities, identify common treatment approaches and assess potential risk factors for delayed return to sports. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study based on self-reported data collected via an online questionnaire developed by orthopedic surgeons following a thorough review of the literature. The survey, disseminated online, was available from May 2023 to October 2024, and 103 Ninja Warrior athletes participated. The questionnaire assessed demographics, sports participation, injury characteristics, management, and post-injury outcomes, including return-to-sport metrics. T-test was used to compare normally distributed continuous data among two groups, and regression analysis was employed to identify and quantify factors influencing time to return to sport. The significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: The most commonly injured body parts were the shoulder (19.1%), ankle (12.6%), and wrist (11.5%). The rings/laches obstacle accounted for 30.43% of all reported injuries. Overuse was identified as the leading mechanism of injury, responsible for 30.8% of cases. Tendon ruptures and/or ligament tears (25.8%), sprains (16.9%), and fractures (15.7%) were the most frequently reported injury types. Surgical intervention was required in 10.7% of injuries, including three arthroscopic labrum repairs for shoulder injuries and three anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions, among other procedures. RTS was found to be delayed in association with higher BMI (P=0.004), VAS score (P=0.001), and 5 or more training sessions per week (P=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Ninja warrior training holds significant risk for musculoskeletal injuries, most commonly overuse and upper extremity injury. The rings/laches are particularly prone to injury, suggesting that adequate technical skill assessment prior to execution may be warranted. Additionally, increased BMI, higher VAS at time of injury, and 5 or more training sessions per week were found to be associated with delayed return to sport.
Cervical spine injuries prevention in elite male rugby players: an electromyographic study on neck muscles activity.
Demeco A, de Sire A, Marotta N … +8 more , Salerno A, Bartocci G, Frizziero A, Palermi S, Tanriöğen B, Renzi F, Ammendolia A, Costantino C
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757626 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Rugby is a high-contact sport with a significant injury risk, particularly cervical spine trauma. The repeated mechanical overload can contribute to long-term cervical dysfunctions. Surface electromyography (...
BACKGROUND: Rugby is a high-contact sport with a significant injury risk, particularly cervical spine trauma. The repeated mechanical overload can contribute to long-term cervical dysfunctions. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and inertial sensors (IMU) offer valuable insights into neuromuscular function. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study followed STROBE guidelines. We included male professional rugby players with at least two years of experience. An anamnestic assessment was performed to collect data on previous injuries; sEMG was applied to the sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinal muscles, and the IMU on the head. Athletes performed lateral bending, flexion-extension, and rotational head movements to analyze head kinetics, energy content, muscle symmetry, and activation timing. RESULTS: Thirty-six players participated, including 25 forwards (14 1-line, 11 2/3-line) and 11 backs. Most athletes trained their necks 0 to 2 times per week, with 30.6% performing 2 sessions weekly. The 41.7% of players reported 1 concussion. Lateral bending and rotation exhibited low symmetry mostly on sternocleidomastoids. First line players showed reduced range of motion (ROM) in right head rotation (ROT-R ROM, r=-0.377, P=0.023) and flexion (FL ROM, r=-0.330, P=0.049). Backs players demonstrated significantly higher ROM across all movements, particularly in bilateral head rotations (ROT-R ROM, r=0.353, P=0.034; ROT-L ROM, r = 0.402, P<0.15). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of monitoring cervical muscle symmetry and mobility as potential risk factors for cervical pain. The findings suggest that personalized rehabilitation programs focusing on strengthening, mobility, and proprioception training could help mitigate cervical spine pain.
Effect of the FIFA 11+ on anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence rates in collegiate female football players over three consecutive seasons.
Magoshi H, Hoshiba T, Tohyama M … +2 more , Hirose N, Fukubayashi T
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757625 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This non-randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the FIFA 11+ on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury incidence rates in collegiate female football players in terms of in...
BACKGROUND: This non-randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the FIFA 11+ on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury incidence rates in collegiate female football players in terms of intervention duration (one-season and over three consecutive seasons). METHODS: A total of 763 collegiate female football players from seven teams belonging to Kanto University Women's Football Association Division 1 during 2013-2015 were included in the study. At the study's start (2013), 235 players from seven teams were assigned to the FIFA 11+ intervention (four teams, n = 115) and control groups (three teams, n = 120). The intervention period was from 2013 to 2015, and the allocated players were followed over three seasons. The one-season effect of the FIFA 11+ was investigated after each season, and the effect of continuous intervention was assessed in players who participated in all three seasons (N.=66 and 62 from the intervention and control groups). RESULTS: The one-season intervention showed no significant differences between the two groups in any season. In contrast, the intervention over three consecutive seasons showed a significantly lower incidence rate of ACL injuries in the intervention group compared to the control group (noncontact injuries: hazard ratio, 0.192 [95% CI, 0.041-0.896]; P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the FIFA 11+ is an effective program for ACL injury prevention in collegiate female football players, and the beneficial effect can be expected when the program is implemented for at least three consecutive seasons.
Effects of squat training with different ranges of motion on muscle strength, jump performance, and change of direction ability.
Inoguchi T, Homma H, Mochizuki Y … +5 more , Kozuma A, Deguchi M, Naito T, Kamiya-Saito M, Kikuchi N
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757624 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effects of short-term, high-load full squat (F-SQ) and half squat (H-SQ) training on muscle strength, jump performance, and change of direction in resistance-trained athletes....
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effects of short-term, high-load full squat (F-SQ) and half squat (H-SQ) training on muscle strength, jump performance, and change of direction in resistance-trained athletes. METHODS: Thirty resistance-trained males (aged 19.4±0.8 years; height 170.6±6.0 cm; body mass 70.4±6.4 kg) were allocated to three groups: F-SQ, H-SQ, and control. The F-SQ and H-SQ groups performed squat training twice weekly for 3 weeks, with intensity progressively increasing from 85% to 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Post-intervention, participants underwent 1RM, pro-agility, and vertical jump tests. RESULTS: The H-SQ group exhibited significantly higher training volume (P=0.001), while the F-SQ group achieved greater concentric work volume (P=0.005) and lifting velocity (P=0.017-0.048). A significant interaction was observed for F-SQ 1RM (P=0.025), with both the F-SQ (P=0.032) and H-SQ (P=0.024) groups showing significant improvements. No significant interaction was found in the pro-agility test (P=0.225), although a significant main effect of time was noted (P=0.001). The H-SQ group demonstrated slightly larger effect sizes (ES=0.50[95%CI: -0.94, 0.91]). CONCLUSIONS: Although training volume and quality differed between protocols, both F-SQ and H-SQ training yielded comparable improvements in muscle strength and performance, with no significant between-group differences.
Exploring the physical attributes of elite épée fencing: a Delphi study of world-class coaches.
Cree JA, Newman HJ, Norris LA … +2 more , Oates LW, Turner AN
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757623 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify and rank the physical attributes deemed most important for elite performance in épée fencing, from the perspective of world-class coaches. While extensive biomechanical and physio...
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify and rank the physical attributes deemed most important for elite performance in épée fencing, from the perspective of world-class coaches. While extensive biomechanical and physiological research exists in fencing, limited attention has been paid to the experiential insights of elite coaches. METHODS: A modified Delphi method was employed to gather expert consensus from 26 international épée coaches with Olympic-level experience. In Round 1, open-ended responses were thematically analyzed to identify key physical attributes, which were consolidated into nine overarching themes. In Round 2, coaches ranked these attributes in order of importance. Stability of rankings was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W). RESULTS: Twenty-nine distinct physical attributes were identified in Round 1 and grouped into nine themes. In Round 2, agility (mean rank = 2.9) and reaction time (3.3) emerged as consensus-high priorities, while strength (7.6) and power were consensus-low. Power (5.7) and flexibility showed polarized distributions, reflecting entrenched differences in coaching philosophies. Agreement among coaches was acceptable but limited (W = 0.26), indicating stable but divergent viewpoints rather than instability. CONCLUSIONS: Elite coaches prioritized agility, reactivity, and speed in épée fencing, aligning with performance demands observed in biomechanical studies. However, the undervaluation of foundational qualities such as strength and aerobic fitness highlights a partial disconnect with sport science evidence. These findings underscore the need for enhanced coach education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a more balanced emphasis on physical preparation that supports both performance and injury prevention. The study also demonstrates the value of Delphi methodology in capturing diverse expert perspectives even when full consensus is not achieved.
Improvement of athletic performance with haptics: results of the POWER-UP Trial.
Taporco J, Adelman A, Park RA … +3 more , Konhilas J, Hurwtz P, Sakr M
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 Mar · PMID 41757622 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Adult athletic performance in most sports relies on adequate muscle tone, strength, flexibility, and movement coordination. Neuromuscular training to improve athletic performance has been embraced in athletic...
BACKGROUND: Adult athletic performance in most sports relies on adequate muscle tone, strength, flexibility, and movement coordination. Neuromuscular training to improve athletic performance has been embraced in athletic programs aimed at aiding college athletes seeking a future professional sports career or high achievement in national/international athletic competitions. Since strength, power, and endurance are essential attributes for athletes playing sports, the aim of this study was to assess whether the use of haptic patch technology could improve muscular strength, power, and endurance. METHODS: Healthy college athletes aged 18-30 (N.=70; 30 males and 40 females) were randomized and enrolled as research participants in this blinded treatment versus placebo study. While 34 subjects initially received the active patch (VICTORY patch), 36 initially received a non-active patch that appeared identical to the active patch. After each group completed their study ARM, they crossed over to the other group, and received either an active or non-active placebo patch. Standard neuromuscular performance evaluative methods were used to acquire the data. This included obtaining measurements for neuromuscular changes in specified muscle groups through strength testing, and measurements pertaining to complex neuromuscular pattern performance. Neuromuscular data and comparative results for such aspects as peak power, concentric peak force, jump height, and knee extension/flexion was collected at a baseline; then retested after 1-24 hrs of patch use; then at 7-10 days a new baseline without a patch testing was completed with a repeat after 1-24 hrs of patch use. Descriptive statistical methods included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Mann-Whitney U Tests, and Spearman's rank correlation were used for data analysis. Data analysis was also performed to compare results between the active patch group and placebo patch group. RESULTS: Results showed that participants receiving the active patch demonstrated greatest improvement at 70-80 min of patch use, and the active patch group showed statistically significant improvements in the evaluated neuromuscular attributes in knee extension and knee flexion than the placebo patch group. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating haptic patch use in college athlete and other young adult athlete training programs aimed at improved neuromuscular functioning may be beneficial to improved athletic performance. Haptic patch use within an athletic training program may be an especially useful strategy in athletes who sustained minor injuries preventing participation in their usual daily training regimen to recover lost strength, power, or endurance, as well as college athletes who are attempting to achieve improved performance toward a goal of future professional or nationally-competitive sport play.
Authors' reply to: "Evaluation of the effects of a technical sock on sleep dynamics".
Bertuccioli A, Belli A, Zonzini GB … +8 more , Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, DI Pierro F, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Matera MR, Cavecchia I, Palazzi CM
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 May · PMID 41711606 · Publisher ↗
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Data reporting inconsistencies and methodological weaknesses found in "Evaluation of the effects of a technical sock on sleep dynamics".
Kientopf D, Hermann M
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 May · PMID 41711605 · Publisher ↗
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Maximalist running shoes: from performance innovation to clinical application in musculoskeletal pain.
Tedeschi R
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 May · PMID 41711604 · Publisher ↗
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Acute bench press performance responses to two inter-set rest periods in recreationally trained men and women.
Gaspar A, Huth B, Kopper B … +1 more , Murlasits Z
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2026 May · PMID 41711603 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In resistance training, inter-set rest defines training stress and influences fatigue, muscle recovery and the sustainability of force output in subsequent sets. Therefore, this investigation compared acute p...
BACKGROUND: In resistance training, inter-set rest defines training stress and influences fatigue, muscle recovery and the sustainability of force output in subsequent sets. Therefore, this investigation compared acute performance responses and kinematic and kinetic measures between men and women in the bench press exercise with two different rest intervals. METHODS: Twenty-two recreationally trained men and women (age 24.6±2.3 years, height 170.6±7.5 cm, body mass 71.9±11.3 kg) were assigned four sets of 8 repetitions in the bench press exercise with 75% of one-repetition maximum with one- and two minutes of rest between sets in a randomized, cross-over design study. During the exercise, we used a linear position transducer for kinetic and kinematic data acquisition. A 2x4 Chi-square (contingency table) and 2x4 Mixed (between-within) ANOVA were used for statistical comparison with a significance level of P<0.05 to determine differences in the datasets. RESULTS: Men and women performed different number of repetitions for the one-minute rest period (Chi-square = 13.43572, P=0.003784). Significant interactions were detected in the mechanical work performed for both rest periods (P=0.000026 and P=0.27275 for one-min and two-min), indicating a dissimilar trend in men and women across the sets. While average power declined significantly in both sexes as the sets progressed (P=0.000002 and P=0.000000 for one-min and two-min rest respectively), women were better in maintaining power output both in the one-min (P=0.000056) and the two-min (P=0.013725) conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to males, female trainees are better in maintaining acute bench press performance over multiple sets in a typical hypertrophy workout session.
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