Yakushigaku Zasshi. The Journal Of Japanese History Of Pharmacy[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[The history of tooth dyeing].
Sugiyama S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2007 · PMID 18175443
While tooth dyeing is a disappearing custom, the pharmaceutical benefits of paan in India are now being studied for other reasons. The oral carcinogenicity of betel nuts, the traditional ingredient in paan, however, has...
While tooth dyeing is a disappearing custom, the pharmaceutical benefits of paan in India are now being studied for other reasons. The oral carcinogenicity of betel nuts, the traditional ingredient in paan, however, has been causing paan users to replace betel with canari or lime. As a consequence of this trend, the pharmaceutical interest of paan is no longer in betel, but in the health-promoting properties of Uncaria gambir. This article has been prepared as an interim record of the progress of the author's research into this field, and was presented in the December 2006 meeting of the [symbol see text].
[Histories of the Japanese Red Cross Society and Department of Pharmacy, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital].
Tokui K, Kobayashi K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2007 · PMID 18175442
The International Red Cross Society was founded in 1863 under the advocacy of Henri Dunant. More than ten years later, in 1877, the predecessor to the Japanese Red Cross Society, called the Philanthropic Society, was est...
The International Red Cross Society was founded in 1863 under the advocacy of Henri Dunant. More than ten years later, in 1877, the predecessor to the Japanese Red Cross Society, called the Philanthropic Society, was established during the Satsuma Rebellion by Tsunetami Sano, Yuzuru Ogyu, and others. Sano was the head of the Genroin (a council of elder statesmen) and later a Count. This year marks the 129th anniversary of the founding of the Japanese Red Cross, but its founding philosophy of giving aid to soldiers injured on the battlefield, regardless of whether they are friend or foe, has lived on to the present. Although the Japanese Red Cross received international criticism for not working more actively on behalf of the several hundred thousand prisoners held by Japan during World War II, its overall history for the past 129 years has been one of respecting humanity. The Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital celebrated the 92nd anniversary of its opening in 2006. Compared with its beginnings, the hospital has come a great distance in terms of both facilities and personnel. The number of outpatients per day has grown from none to 1,854, while the number of prescriptions per year has increased from 0 to 22,000. There has also been a sharp increase in the number of pharmacists, from 0 to 34. Over these many years, our hospital operations have continued to evolve to meet the needs of the time.
[Herbological study of the botanical origin of Chinese crude drugs "Du-hua" and "Qiang-hua" in ancient China].
Mikage M, Ochimori A
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2007 · PMID 18175441
The Chinese crude drug Qiang-hua was listed as an alias of Du-hua in Shen-nong-ben-cao-jing, an herbal journal written during the Han Dynasty, China. Du-hua and Qiang-hua are recognized as different herbs in China these...
The Chinese crude drug Qiang-hua was listed as an alias of Du-hua in Shen-nong-ben-cao-jing, an herbal journal written during the Han Dynasty, China. Du-hua and Qiang-hua are recognized as different herbs in China these days; the main botanical origin of Du-hua is Angelica spp. and that of Qiang-hua is Notopterygium spp., of the family Umbelliferae. To make clear the botanical origins of Du-hua and Qiang-hua in ancient China, the authors made a herbological study. The findings were as follows: the name of Qiang-hua was given to the genuine Du-hua, which is produced in Qiang Province, an ancient province located in northwest China; the botanical origin of Qiang-hua is presumed to be Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang and N. forbesii Boissieu based on both the morphology and habitat written in ancient herbal journals. Both species are prescribed as having the plant origin of Qiang-hua in the present Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, we concluded that Du-hua and Qiang-hua were essentially the same drug, and were originally derived from the Notopterygium species in ancient China.
[A history of the development of eye drops used to treat glaucoma].
Komatsu Y
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2007 · PMID 18175440
It has been said that there are about 3 million glaucoma patients in Japan, and the disease ranks second as the cause for adventitious blindness. To treat glaucoma, daily use of ophthalmic solutions plays an important ro...
It has been said that there are about 3 million glaucoma patients in Japan, and the disease ranks second as the cause for adventitious blindness. To treat glaucoma, daily use of ophthalmic solutions plays an important role. Pilocarpine preparations have been used since the 1870s, but the need to administer them frequently everyday has been unfavorable for many patients. In the 1980s, beta-blockers were developed, reducing the administration frequency to twice a day. In 1999, prostaglandin-type ophthalmic preparations that require once-a-day administration appeared on the market, easing the burden of frequent administration. During the process of the development of these new ophthalmic agents, Ocusert, a sustained-release pilocarpine preparation that is inserted intra-ocularly only once a week, was designed and applied clinically. This paper describes the history of the development of therapeutic agents for glaucoma--with special reference to ophthalmic preparations.
[Questionnaires for pharmacies and pharmacists working in the hospitals built during the Meiji and Taisho periods in Japan].
Okuda J, Yamakawa K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579832
In the previous paper, information about questionnaires for pharmacies and pharmacists in the 86 hospitals built during the Meiji and Taisho periods in Japan was reported. The histories of old pharmacies and pharmacists...
In the previous paper, information about questionnaires for pharmacies and pharmacists in the 86 hospitals built during the Meiji and Taisho periods in Japan was reported. The histories of old pharmacies and pharmacists of the remaining 10 old hospitals were also reported in this paper.
[The origination of surgery (Kinso treatment) in Japan].
Sugiyama S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579831
From the Nara period through to the end of the Heian and early Kamakura periods, the population of Japan grew by 50% thanks to increases in rice cultivation. Such expanded food production resulted in changes in the socia...
From the Nara period through to the end of the Heian and early Kamakura periods, the population of Japan grew by 50% thanks to increases in rice cultivation. Such expanded food production resulted in changes in the social structure providing opportunities to those in control of armed forces to become local feudal lords. Many wars fought in the process necessitated the development of treatment methods for Kinso (wounds caused by swords, spears, and similar weapons), to which Jinsoes (Buddhist monks/doctors that accompanied troops) attended, making extensive use of herbal medicine that had been developed by the people of the time. Many war commanders brought Jinsoes to battle fields, which became a custom during the Sengoku (warring) period. As many of the Jinsoes were well educated, they also served as entertainers to the commanders through their knowledge in Go or Renga (a game involving popular poetical verses). Their talents and training eventually resulted in many of the so called traditional arts including Noh, Kabuki, tea ceremony and earthenware production.
[Similarities between Indian Hindu god Dhanvantari and Yakushi Buddha (Buddha of healing)].
Natsume Y, Okuda J
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579830
The authors compared statues and figures of Buddha of Healing (Yakushi Buddha) with those of Dhanvantari god and Varuna god in India. Statues and figures of Ayurvedic God, Dhanvantari, are respected by Indian medical doc...
The authors compared statues and figures of Buddha of Healing (Yakushi Buddha) with those of Dhanvantari god and Varuna god in India. Statues and figures of Ayurvedic God, Dhanvantari, are respected by Indian medical doctors, pharmacists and patients. Dhanvantari has the medicinal pot containing the rejuvenating nectar (Amrta). Therefore, it is most probably the case that the Yakushi Buddha in Japan originated from the Dhanvantari God in Ayurveda.
Construction of the curriculum and lectures for the subject, "History of pharmacy" in Matsuyama University School of Pharmacy.
Maki J, Sakagami H, Kuwada M … +2 more , Sekiya H, Tamai E
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579829
Matsuyama University School of Clinical Pharmacy started in the academic year of 2006. After an obligatory subject, "The Outline of Pharmacy" in the spring semester, the elective course on pharmaceutical history is held...
Matsuyama University School of Clinical Pharmacy started in the academic year of 2006. After an obligatory subject, "The Outline of Pharmacy" in the spring semester, the elective course on pharmaceutical history is held with a 90-minute lecture a week for 15 weeks in the autumn semester of the first year for the students. The course consists of 4 parts as follows. The 15 consecutive lectures are carried out in the order of (1), (2), (3) and (4) and they are; (1) Pharmaceutical History in Japan, (2) Pharmaceutical History in the World, (3) The Specific Lectures:Infectious diseases and their treatment from the viewpoint of history, and (4) Introducing English Articles: "Highlights from the History of Medicine". However, in the present authors' opinion, pharmaceutical history from the beginning through the present days might fall roughly into 3 phases, namely the ages of superstition, experience and science with the occasional humanitarianism activities. We have been looking for a possible similar idea published elsewhere.
Regulation of the statements in the information on drug metabolizing enzyme in the package insert--the present regulation and its history in Japan, the U.S. and the U.K.
Watanabe S, Misu T, Kurihara T … +4 more , Suzuki S, Sakurada T, Satoh N, Ueda S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579828
The information about a drug interaction is specified as a section which should be printed on the package insert in Japan, the U.S. and the U.K. In Japan, the information on drug metabolizing enzymes is described in the...
The information about a drug interaction is specified as a section which should be printed on the package insert in Japan, the U.S. and the U.K. In Japan, the information on drug metabolizing enzymes is described in the precautions for use in the package insert of many pharmaceutical agents following the incidence of the harmful effects of sorivudine. Since many elderly people suffer from two or more diseases as a result of aging and multiple pharmaceuticals are prescribed for them, the risk of drug interactions is increased. The therapeutic category where the most statements regarding drug metabolizing enzyme were in the package inserts, is hypnotics and sedatives, and anxiolytics; 100 out of 306 drugs include a statement about drug metabolizing enzymes. In the elderly aged 75 and over, regardless of whether the medicine is received in the hospital or by pharmacy preparation, in about 70 percent of the patients, three or more types of pharmaceutical agents are prescribed. Thus, although the information about the drug metabolizing enzyme is provided to the medical staff, in order to properly utilize the information, it is necessary to check whether the information about the same drug metabolizing enzyme is described in the package insert of the other pharmaceuticals that the patient is concurrently receiving. A means by which to quickly and easily retrieve the information about the drug metabolizing enzyme printed in the package is necessary and such a tool will be developed in the near future.
[Research on the original plants of Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi)].
Kotaka S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579827
Since the Heian period, Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi) has been used as part of the ceremony believed to help in a healthy pregnancy and safe birth. The purpose of this report is to consider which plants are original Xian Zhao...
Since the Heian period, Xian Zhao Zi (Senshosi) has been used as part of the ceremony believed to help in a healthy pregnancy and safe birth. The purpose of this report is to consider which plants are original Xian Zhao Zi plants. Past research lists certain plants as Xian Zhao Zi, but it was difficult to draw any conclusions.
[The transition of amino acid drug development for 50 years in Japan (1)--amino acid parenteral fluid].
Arai Y, Uehara K, Matsumoto K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579826
Twenty kinds of alpha-amino acids that form the constituents of proteins in mammalian tissues are all L-form with the exception of glycine. These proteins consist of both dispensable and indispensable alpha-amino acids,...
Twenty kinds of alpha-amino acids that form the constituents of proteins in mammalian tissues are all L-form with the exception of glycine. These proteins consist of both dispensable and indispensable alpha-amino acids, and play an important role as nutrients. The artificial mixtures of these alpha-amino acids are also important as ethical drugs. The history of alpha-amino acid parenteral fluid is not as long as one might think in terms of its clinical applications. The first publication of clinical data on the subject only appeared in 1944. In Japan, the first product using alpha-amino acid solution made from casein protein entered the market in 1950. In 1959, an alpha-amino acid solution produced from optically pure L-form was launched in Japan and became a pioneer in the field of artificial mixture solutions worldwide. From the 1960s, the amino acid industry has developed remarkably in Japan by means of chemically synthetic, enzymatic and microbial methodologies. Since then, most of the optically active alpha-amino acids have been easily obtainable, and the clinical uses of a-amino acid solutions using a variety of combinations have developed tremendously. From the 1950s to the 1970s, most of the mixture solutions containing a large number of a-amino acids were clinically developed for nutritional supplements. However, from the 1990s, amino acid solutions targeting diseases such as hepato-nephricpathy have increased, while new pediatric a-amino acid solutions are still being launched today. Since the year 2000, amino acid kit formulations with vitamins have been developed for convenient use in hospitals.
[Consideration of the achievements of successive presidents of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association in the post-war Showa period--their thoughts and steps for establishing practice rights].
Nishikawa T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579825
The system of separating the dispensing and prescribing of drugs was legally established in 1956 on the recommendation of the American Pharmaceutical Association mission to Japan in 1949. However, serious disagreements b...
The system of separating the dispensing and prescribing of drugs was legally established in 1956 on the recommendation of the American Pharmaceutical Association mission to Japan in 1949. However, serious disagreements between medical and pharmaceutical practitioners impeded implementation of the system, and the separation practice was not initiated until 1975 when the Japan Pharmaceutical Association and the Japan Medical Association established friendly relations. The system finally took root in the 1990s, and the Japan Pharmaceutical Association has since continued to further improve the system.
Modern pharmacy in India. A historical perspective.
Singh H
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579824
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[The history of pharmacy in Korea].
Shim CK, Nam YH, Hwang SM
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579823
The history of pharmacy in Korea from the era 'Dangun Mythology' to the present day was reviewed briefly with special emphases on the beginning of pharmaceutical education, the introduction of modern pharmaceutical educa...
The history of pharmacy in Korea from the era 'Dangun Mythology' to the present day was reviewed briefly with special emphases on the beginning of pharmaceutical education, the introduction of modern pharmaceutical education, the establishment of modern educational institutions, the evolution of a new 6-year pharmaceutical education program, and the separation of drug prescribing and dispensing.
[Retrospective aspect of modern pharmaceutical studies in Japan and memory of my life working in pharmaceutical science].
Shibata S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2008 · PMID 19579822
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[The health benefits of gambir].
Sugiyama S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2006 · PMID 17153115
Gambir has been known as an all-purpose anti-aging drug. While its dosage must be carefully measured, as for any drug, fortunately Gambir is virtually non-toxic for humans. Based on pharmaco-historical and biological stu...
Gambir has been known as an all-purpose anti-aging drug. While its dosage must be carefully measured, as for any drug, fortunately Gambir is virtually non-toxic for humans. Based on pharmaco-historical and biological studies, 1-36 grams of Gambir is given per person. In an empirical study conducted in 2006, a potion containing 10 grams of Gambir was given to five people of mixed sex in the evening, at midnight, and before breakfast. Four of the subjects reported feeling well in the morning. Its effectiveness is naturally enhanced by daily regimen, appropriate exercise, well balanced and discreet diet, and the elimination of excessive stress.
[Traditional nostrum].
Sugiyama S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2006 · PMID 17153114
The commercialization of drugs started toward the end of Heian period (794-1192) when not only aristocrats and monks who were traditional patrons to drug makers, but also local clans and landlords who became powerful as...
The commercialization of drugs started toward the end of Heian period (794-1192) when not only aristocrats and monks who were traditional patrons to drug makers, but also local clans and landlords who became powerful as a result of the disbanding of aristocratic manors accumulated enough wealth to spend money on medicine. Although traveling around the country was still a dangerous endeavor, merchants assembled groups to bring lucrative foreign drugs (mainly Chinese) to remote areas. The spread of commercial drugs to common people, however, did not happen until the early Edo period (1603-1867), when the so-called barrier system was installed nationwide to make domestic travel safe. Commercialization started in large cities and gradually spread to other areas. Many nostrums popular until recently appeared in the Genroku period (1688-1703) or later. Many such nostrums were all-cures, often consisting of such active ingredients as Saussureae radix, Agalloch, or Gambir. Even in the Edo period, many people living in agricultural or fishing villages, as well as those in the lower tier, were still poor. Much of the medication available to those people was therefore made of various plant or animal-derived substances that were traditionally used as folk medicines.
[Awards to Hajime Hoshi dedicated from Germany].
Misawa M
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2006 · PMID 17153113
In the Hajime Hoshi Memorial Exhibit Hall of Hoshi University, many awards dedicated to H. Hoshi from Germany are displayed. Hoshi made a donation amounting to about 20 millions dollars to the distressed chemistry scienc...
In the Hajime Hoshi Memorial Exhibit Hall of Hoshi University, many awards dedicated to H. Hoshi from Germany are displayed. Hoshi made a donation amounting to about 20 millions dollars to the distressed chemistry science community of Germany just after the 1st World War. The Hoshi fund gave the scientific society hope to recover, and deeply impressed and delighted the German people. The awards to Hoshi dedicated from Germany strongly reflect the hot spirit of Japan-Germany cultural exchange. The present study investigates the details of the awards.
[Contemplation of the alma mater song of Hoshi University].
Misawa M, Iijima A
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2006 · PMID 17153112
Respective alma mater songs (school songs) are a spiritual symbol of each school. The alma mater song of Hoshi Commercial School was composed in 1923, and strongly reflected the spirit of Hajime Hoshi, the founder of the...
Respective alma mater songs (school songs) are a spiritual symbol of each school. The alma mater song of Hoshi Commercial School was composed in 1923, and strongly reflected the spirit of Hajime Hoshi, the founder of the school. The alma mater song of present day Hoshi University was poeticized by Yoshio Katsu, and composed by Kosaku Yamada in 1941. The two famous artists produced a lovely song rich in artistic flavor. This study analyzes the words and music from various viewpoints for the first time after its production. Cultivating a better understanding of the present song is a valuable asset for educating the mind, and creating a meaningfulness for those students and graduates singing it.
[Curare and Claude Bernard--how was his work introduced into Japanese scientific communities?].
Takenaka Y
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2006 · PMID 17153111
"Curare and Claude BERNARD" is a well known set of physiology in several western scientific and medical communities. In using arrow poison curare as a tool of physiological anatomical approach, Bernard founded the experi...
"Curare and Claude BERNARD" is a well known set of physiology in several western scientific and medical communities. In using arrow poison curare as a tool of physiological anatomical approach, Bernard founded the experimental physiology of the nervous system. His famous experiments of using curare on frogs led to the observation of curare block in the myoneural junction of skeletal muscle. Bernard's achievements in curare research are recorded in full detail in his principal book of lectures, "Leçons sur les effets des substances toxiques et medicamenteuses (1857)". Nevertheless, Japanese physiological communities, attaching too much importance to German physiology between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, have mostly neglected the important work on curare done by Bernard, and the after-effect of this neglect is on-going in Japan. The aim of this article is to try to enlighten the communities with a small part of his lectures (i.e., arrow poison curare) described in "Leçons (1857)", which never reached us.
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