Yakushigaku Zasshi. The Journal Of Japanese History Of Pharmacy[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[History and therapeutic evaluation of Citrus hassaku HORT. Tanaka].
Kubo M, Matsuda H, Tomohiro N … +1 more , Harima S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025659
The original plant of Citrus hassaku HORT. Tanaka was found at Jyoudo-Temple in Inno-shima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan by Ekei Shounin in the Edo Era. Today, the fresh raw fruits of C. hassaku are cultivated as a season...
The original plant of Citrus hassaku HORT. Tanaka was found at Jyoudo-Temple in Inno-shima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan by Ekei Shounin in the Edo Era. Today, the fresh raw fruits of C. hassaku are cultivated as a seasonal food, and the most famous producing district of the C. hassaku fruit is Wakayama Prefecture, representing about 60% of the Japanese output. The immature fruits of C. hassaku and its three main flavanone glycosides (naringin, neohesperidin and narirutin) have shown inhibitory activities on a compound 48/80-induced histamine release from mast cells, and anti-allergic effects on dinitrofluorobenzen (DNFB)-induced triphasic skin reaction in mice. The contents of the three flavanone glycosides in the immature fruits were higher than those in mature fruits of C. hassaku to skin care for patients with atopitic dermatitis showed improving effects in 76% of the patients. Similar efficacy was obtained for patients with pollinosis.
[Recognize uncalia ganbir].
Sugiyama S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025658
The Latin name for Jicha, which is used in bethel chewing, is Uncaria gambir. The plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and although its Chinese name is Jicha-Kou-tou, it is more commonly called Katsu-Jicha or Ho-Jicha....
The Latin name for Jicha, which is used in bethel chewing, is Uncaria gambir. The plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and although its Chinese name is Jicha-Kou-tou, it is more commonly called Katsu-Jicha or Ho-Jicha. While Jicha is called Asen-yaku in Japan, the latter name dates back only to the 15th century. As it can be estimated that, in China, the use of Jicha in bethel chewing was known to occur around 200 AD, the author would like to recommend that the name Jicha be used for Asen-yaku in Chinese medical terminology, regardless of the origin of the drug Asen-yaku in Japan. This recommendation may be fortified as Prof. Sho Bai-kon, who co-edited Chugoku Honzo Zuroku (Atlas of Chinese Medicinal Herbs), a joint effort between Japan and China, has made clear that Jicha is indeed Acacia catechu.
[Transformation of the names of certain herbs by linguistic transfer - colchicum, wormseed, soybean, nandina and wijnruit].
Uchibayashi M
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025657
Five examples of transformation of the names of certain herbal medicines by transfer from one language to another are presented: (1) to meadow saffron (colchicum) from Medea's saffron, (2) from semenzina to semen cinae o...
Five examples of transformation of the names of certain herbal medicines by transfer from one language to another are presented: (1) to meadow saffron (colchicum) from Medea's saffron, (2) from semenzina to semen cinae or semen China, (3) from the Japanese condiment sho-yu to soy and soybeans, (4) from the Japanese plant nanten to the genus Nandina, and (5) from the Dutch term wijnruit (wine-ruta) to hen-ruda in Japanese. In most cases, the transformation underwent phonetically and resulted in a departure from the original meaning.
[Japanese nonprescription drugs (1) "Pediatric Formulas" for five kinds of "Gan"].
Nakamura T, Endo J, Tamura K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025656
The genealogy of children's sedatives such as Kio-gan and Kyumei-gan, which remain in use even today for pediatric conditions including convulsions and nocturnal crying, was traced and the significance of these formulas...
The genealogy of children's sedatives such as Kio-gan and Kyumei-gan, which remain in use even today for pediatric conditions including convulsions and nocturnal crying, was traced and the significance of these formulas was investigated. In the Edo Era, pediatric formulas for five kinds of gan (infantile malnutrition) combined four prescriptions to treat individual symptoms of "re (heat) gan," "leng (cool) gan," "hui (helminth parasite) gan," and "ji (spinal) gan" into one prescription. In contrast, during and after the Meiji Era, pediatric formulas for these five kinds of gan have used only one prescription to treat "re (heat) gan". Moreover, these formulas have tended to use a greater proportion of components that are used to treat "re gan". From this information, it readily became apparent that : 1) Edo Era pediatric formulas for the five kinds of gan were intended to improve the physical condition of the children prone to the illness; and, 2) modern (Meiji Era) prescriptions were intended to alleviate the acute symptoms of gan.
[Safety of rice grains and mycotoxins - a historical review of yellow rice mycotoxicoses].
Udagawa S, Tatsuno T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025655
Aflatoxins, the most powerful mycotoxins, were brought to the attention fo the people in the early 1960s with the outbreak of the turkey "X" disease in England. However, the history of mycotoxin research in Japan began 1...
Aflatoxins, the most powerful mycotoxins, were brought to the attention fo the people in the early 1960s with the outbreak of the turkey "X" disease in England. However, the history of mycotoxin research in Japan began 100 years ago. In 1891, Sakaki demonstrated that moldy, unpolished rice was fatal to experimental animals, with symptoms indicating paralysis of the central nervous system (Shoshin-kakke). In 1920, Prof. I. Miyake and Dr. Takada first reported that Penicillium commune, which was known as a causal agent of "Mossy diseased rice" was found to be toxic to experimental animals by feeding the moldy rice to rabbits and rats.With such a historical background, taking the idea of "rice, fungus and toxin" as a working hypothesis, Miyake and his co-workers discovered the first sample of yellow rice grains from Taiwanese and domestic rice, from which was isolated a species of Penicillium and later identified it with P. citreonigrum (=P. toxicarium). The fungus produced a highly toxic metabolite, citreoviridin. Unfortunately because this study was published during wartime, it failed to alert the world to the potential or actual dangers of the toxicity of common molds. After World War II, Japanese people suffered for some years from a shortage in domestic rice production and depended on foreign countries to supply rice, which led to the toxicological screening on fungal isolates from polluted rice grains by Dr. Tsunoda and his co-workers. AMong the isolates from imported rice, there were two species of Penicillium which were particularly associated with high toxicity; P. islandicum responsible for brownish discolored rice, and P. citrinum responsible for yellowish rice. P. islandicum produces two hepatotoxic metabolites: luteoskyrin and cyclochlorotine, while a nephrotoxic of P. citrinum is citrinin. These toxicological characters, including the induction of cancer and chemical structures, were studied by Profs. uraguchi, Saito, Shibata, Tatsuno and their co-workers. In this way, toxic disturbances associated with the consumption of rice contaminated with these Peniciliium species occurred and became known under the collective name of the "Yellow rice syndrome". Although no human cases of poisoning were recorded, scientists in the field of mycotoxin research recommended to the Japanese Government that administrative action should be taken to protect the people against any possible hazards from "yellow rice". Consequently, mycological inspections of imported rice were started by the government. The safety control system for domestic rice during post-harvest handling and long-term storage has been progressively established after learning of these problems.
[Historical study of the moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (5) - quality assurance and consumers].
Hattori A
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025654
In the Meiji Era, the concepts of consumers did not exist; however, customers were certainly valued at that time based on the policy that "the customer is always right". Customers were always considered as guests, and th...
In the Meiji Era, the concepts of consumers did not exist; however, customers were certainly valued at that time based on the policy that "the customer is always right". Customers were always considered as guests, and there were no conflicting matters with manufacturers. The sales agency for Fujisawa camphor, Fujisawa Company, took up a positive attitude towards customer services. First, the company excluded imitation products in order to protect customers from poor quality, and second, the company released data regarding camphor comparisons and effects with other insecticides. At that time, they seemed to fear being talked about in terms of the mistaken use of camphor. The company commissioned a public research laboratory to study the interaction of camphor and precious metals, and made an appeal to customers for the truth.
[Reconsideration of education and research for postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities].
Yamakawa K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025653
Several problems of education and research for postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities are described. Some problems related to the foundation period of postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities in t...
Several problems of education and research for postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities are described. Some problems related to the foundation period of postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities in the 1950s are considered. The most important problem was that several professors in postgraduate courses could not secure enough approval to become authorized. Presented are some academic research by laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry in the 1950s-60s, education and research in the 1960s-70s are considered, and model curriculums of pharmaceutical postgraduate courses are presented. Medical and pharmaceutical education and some new fields of research have been carried out in the 1990s, which has helped progress the separation of prescription from dispensing. Medico-pharmaceutical science as a postgraduate course has been established in several universities since the turn of the century. Some new plans for education and research in postgraduate courses in pharmaceutical universities are proposed.
[Study on analyzing the trend of employing pharmaceutical graduates in the past 19 years (1985-2003)].
Miyamoto N, Yamakawa K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025651
The history of pharmaceutical education and research in Japan is quite limited compared to that in Western countries. The separation of prescription from dispensing did not become a general practice for many years in Jap...
The history of pharmaceutical education and research in Japan is quite limited compared to that in Western countries. The separation of prescription from dispensing did not become a general practice for many years in Japan, although it was already enacted by law in the Meiji Era. However, separation started to progress very rapidly in 1994 when the Medical Service Law was amended, recognized pharmacists as members of healthcare teams. This change has brought about a drastic change in the employment of pharmaceutical graduates. We analyzed changes in the employment of pharmaceutical graduates over the past 19 years (1985-2003) based on the "Report on the Trend of Employment of Pharmaceutical Graduates", published by the Pharmaceutical Education Council. Analysis by gender gave a number of interesting findings, showing a clear shift of female graduates from pharmaceutical companies to dispensing pharmacies since 1994. This tendency is shown in the three line graphs in Figs. 1~3.
[Historical study of a moth repellent "Fujisawa Camphor" (4) - newspaper advertisements for "Fujisawa Camphor" in the Meiji Era].
Hattori A
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025650
Newspaper advertisements were frequently available as one way of communicating news about new products to the general public during the middle of the Meiji Era. The first newspaper advertisement of "Fujisawa Camphor"' ap...
Newspaper advertisements were frequently available as one way of communicating news about new products to the general public during the middle of the Meiji Era. The first newspaper advertisement of "Fujisawa Camphor"' appeared in the Osaka Asahi on June 1, 1989. At that time, the newspaper advertisements of OTC were brilliant and the space taken by them was large, in some cases covering a full page. They appeared daily. However, the ad for Fujisawa Camphors was small and simple. The appeal points of the Fujisawa Camphor advertisement were as follows: 1. Fujisawa Camphor, crystals of refined camphor, are hard and colorless.2. It is effective for insecticide and prevents moisture.3. It is widely used by governments and the military.4. It removes bad smell to protect against infectious diseases.
[A 30-year history of the change in package insert for Japanese pharmaceutical medicines].
Sasaki K, Kondo T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025649
Package inserts are very important in the medical field. They are full of useful and fundamental information. We have edited two books, named 'Drugs in Japan - Ethical Drugs' and 'Drugs in Japan - Over-the-Counter Drugs'...
Package inserts are very important in the medical field. They are full of useful and fundamental information. We have edited two books, named 'Drugs in Japan - Ethical Drugs' and 'Drugs in Japan - Over-the-Counter Drugs' based on the review of package inserts provided for pharmaceutical medicine for more 30 years. We tried to analyze the change in package insert contents; in particular, information quality and quantity.The quality of the information provided in package inserts has improved year by year, with drastic improvements being seen three times. The information quantity has also increased in proportion to the improvement in quality. We created a graph based on package inserts, Warfarin; Eisai, chronologically. It shows that improvement in information quality is supported by the amount of text in the package insert.
[Pharmaceuticals from the sea].
Kitagawa I
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025648
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[The Naito Museum of Pharmaceutical Science and Industry - from foundation to present].
Aishin S
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2004 · PMID 16025646
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[An etymology of pharmacy in the Western languages].
Uchibayashi M
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15146844
An etymological and semantic history of the terms of various pharmaceutical retailers in the West in presented. Apothecary is a combination of IE * apo- (separate) and * dhē (to place) which gave rise to the Greek term a...
An etymological and semantic history of the terms of various pharmaceutical retailers in the West in presented. Apothecary is a combination of IE * apo- (separate) and * dhē (to place) which gave rise to the Greek term apothēkē, which originally meant a warehouse for food and wine. Pharmacy is a combination of the Greek term * pharama form IE * bher- (to charm, enchant) and -(a)-ko- resulting in * pharmako- (magic, charm, cure, potion, medicine) and in Latin pharmacie. Chemist's shop is the English version of an American drugstore. Further, such terms as dispensary, officinal and drug are etymologically discussed. Different usages in England and the U.S. of terms like shop and store are summarized. [Note:"IE" with asterisk stands for the Indo-European proto-languages which are the ancestors of most Western tongues.]
[Particular combination of two crude drugs used in six stages in Shang-Han-Lun].
Katakai M, Tani T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15146843
In the "Shang-Han-Lun", a famous old formulary in traditional Chinese medicine, the exogennous diseases are classified into six stages of syndromes according to the progress of the illness in general terms for tai-yang,...
In the "Shang-Han-Lun", a famous old formulary in traditional Chinese medicine, the exogennous diseases are classified into six stages of syndromes according to the progress of the illness in general terms for tai-yang, shao-yang, yang-ming, tai-yin, shao-yin and jeu-yin stages. The frequency of particular combinations of two crude drugs used in the six stages of diseases was examined to obtain the guidance in the preparation of new and appropriate formulations for modern medical treatments. The best pairs frequently mentioned in the tai-yang and yang-ming stages were the pair of Glycyrrhizae Preparata Radix (Sha-kanzo in Japanese) and Cinnamomi Ramulus (Keishi in Japanese), and Rhei Rhizoma and Natrii Sulfas, respectively. The characteristic combinations in the shao-yang stage were the pairs containing Scutellariae Radix and Pinelliae Tuber, which is contained in te formulation Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to in Japanese). The pair of Glycyrrhizae Preparata and Radix Paeoniae Radices is the characteristic in the tai-yin stage, which is used for the treatment of muscular spasms and pain. The pair of Aconiti Preparata and Zingiberis Rhizoma is used for the treatment of diarrhea with cold pain in the shao-yin and jue-jin stages. The present results of these crude drugs of pairings will be useful to create a new formulation of crude drugs for modern medical treatment.
[Characteristics of pharmaceuticals in "Heji Jufang"].
Nakamura T, Miyamoto H, Endo J
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15146841
Dosage forms, methods of preparation, and methods of taking drugs for formulas described in "Heji Jufang" were investigated and the following results were obtained.1) Powders and pills (processed medicines), which are do...
Dosage forms, methods of preparation, and methods of taking drugs for formulas described in "Heji Jufang" were investigated and the following results were obtained.1) Powders and pills (processed medicines), which are dosage forms seldom used in conventional traditional Chinese medicine, are often seen in "Heji Jufang". On the other hand, the fact that decoction (non-processed medicines), which is the principal dosage form in traditional Chinese medicine, seldom appears became apparent. In addition, a method of taking the drug by boiling down the powder was frequently seen.2) When decoction formulas are described in "Heji Jufang", the herbal medicines are often classified into two sections, a preceding section and latter one. The herbal medicines as prepared at a pharmacy are listed in the preceding section, while "standard household items" to add during home preparation are assumed to be described in the latter section.3) In "Heji Jufang", there is a rare method of taking drugs where boiling water is poured on powder consisting of aromatic herbal medicine before use. Many of these formulas are found in "Yinshan Zhengyao", which contains food and drink of the Arab region.4) "Heji Jufang" contains confections prepared with honey and powders of crude drugs. This dosage form is often seen in Indian and Arab medicine and was rarely seen in medical books before "Heji Jufang" in China.5) Thus, results 1-4 suggest that "Heji Jufang" was published in accordance with the development of processed medicines. It is believed that Arab medicine influenced the development of processed medicines in China.
[Historical study of the moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (3) An exposition as an advertisement media].
Hattori A
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15146840
Newspaper advertisements were the predominant medium in informing people about new products midway through the Meiji Era. Subscribers to these newspapers, however, were still limited. At the time, expositions were wildly...
Newspaper advertisements were the predominant medium in informing people about new products midway through the Meiji Era. Subscribers to these newspapers, however, were still limited. At the time, expositions were wildly popular. Seizing the opportunity , in 1903 Fujisawa promoted his "Fujisawa Camphor" through aggressive advertising at the 5th Domestic Industrial Exposition in Osaka. The advertising proved to be a success, as Fujisawa took 2nd Prize of the exposition.
[The history of the development and changes of quinolone antibacterial agents].
Takahashi H, Hayakawa I, Akimoto T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15143768
The quinolones, especially the new quinolones (the 6-fluoroquinolones), are the synthetic antibacterial agents to rival the Beta-lactam and the macrolide antibacterials for impact in clinical usage in the antibacterial t...
The quinolones, especially the new quinolones (the 6-fluoroquinolones), are the synthetic antibacterial agents to rival the Beta-lactam and the macrolide antibacterials for impact in clinical usage in the antibacterial therapeutic field. They have a broad antibacterial spectrum of activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and mycobacterial pathogens as well as anaerobes. Further, they show good-to-moderate oral absorption and tissue penetration with favorable pharmacokinetics in humans resulting in high clinical efficacy in the treatment of many kinds of infections. They also exhibit excellent safety profiles as well as those of oral Beta-lactam antibiotics. The bacterial effects of quinolones inhibit the function of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The history of the development of the quinolones originated from nalidixic acid (NA), developed in 1962. In addition, the breakthrough in the drug design for the scaffold and the basic side chains have allowed improvements to be made to the first new quinolone, norfloxacin (NFLX), patented in 1978. Although currently more than 10,000 compounds have been already synthesized in the world, only two percent of them were developed and tested in clinical studies. Furthermore, out of all these compounds, only twenty have been successfully launched into the market. In this paper, the history of the development and changes of the quinolones are described from the first quinolone, NA, via, the first new quinolone (6-fluorinated quinolone) NFLX, to the latest extended-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agents against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. NA has only modest activity against Gram-negative bacteria and low oral absorption, therefore a suitable candidate for treatment of systemic infections (UTIs) is required. Since the original discovery of NA, a series of quinolones, which are referred to as the old quinolones, have been developed leading to the first new quinolone, NFLX, with moderate improvements in over all properties starting in 1962 through and continuing throughout the 1970's. Especially, the drug design for pipemidic acid (PPA) indicated one of the important breakthroughs that lead to NFLX. The introduction of a piperazinyl group, which ia a basic moiety at the C7-position of the quinolone nuclei, improved activity against Gram-negative organisms broadening the spectrum to include Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PPA also showed soem activity against Gram-positive bac teria. The basic piperazine ring, which can form the zwitterionic natrure with the carboxylic acid at the C3-position, has subsequently been shown to increase the ability of the drugs to penetrate the bacterial cells resulting in enhanced activity. Further, the zwitterionic forms resulted in significant tissue penetration in the pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, the first compound with a fluorine atom at the C6-position of the related quinolone scaffold was flumequine and the compound indicated that activity against Gram-positive bacteria could be improved in the old quinolones. The addition of a flourine atom at the C6-position is essential for the inhibition of target enzymes. The results show the poten antibacterial activity and the penetration of the quinolone molecule into the bacterial cells and human tissue. The real breakthrough came with the combination of these two features in NFLX, a 6-fluorinated quinolone having a piperazinyl group at the C7-position, NFLX features significant differences from the old quinolones in the activities and pharmacokinetics in humans, resulting in high clinical efficacy in the treatment of many kinds of infections including RTIs.Consequently, those great discoveries are rapidly superseded by even better compounds and NFLX proved to be just the beginning of a highly successful period of research into the modifications of the new quinolone antibacterials. Simce the chemical structure and important features of NFLX had become apparent in 1978, many compounds were patented in the next three years, several of which reached the market. Among the drugs, ofloxacin (OFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) are recognized as superior in several respects to the oral beta-lactam antibiotics as an antibacterial agent. With a focus on OFLX and CPFX, numerous research groups entered the antibacterial therapeutic field, triggering intense competition in the search to find newer, more effective quinolones. After NFLX was introduced in the market, while resulting by the end of today, eleven kinds of other new quinolones launched in Japan. They are enoxacin (ENX), OFLX, CPFX, lomefloxacin (LFLX), fleroxacin (FRLX), tosufloxacin (TFLX), levofloxacin (LVFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), gatifloxacin (GFLX), prulifloxacin (PULX) and also pazufloxacin (PZFX). The advantages of these compounds, e.g., LVFX, SPFX and GFLX, are that their spectrum includes Gram-positive bacteria species as well as Gram-negative bacteria and they improve bioavailability results when a daily dose is administered for systemic infections including RTIs. However, unexpected adverse reactions, such as the CNS reaction, the drug-drug interaction, phototoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity such as the QTc interval prolongation of ECG, have been reported in the clinical evaluations or the post-marketing surveillance of several new quinolones. Moreover, the adverse reactions of arthropathy (the joint toxicity) predicated from studies in juvenile animals have never materialized in clinical use. Therefore, no drugs other than NFLX have yet been approved for pediatric use. Fortunately, the newer quinolones are being developed and tested to reduce these adverse reactions on the basis of recent studies. On the other hand, multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphycolocci (MRCNS), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been a serious problem in the medical community. Recently, the new quinolone antibacterials are highly successful class of antibacterial therapeutic field, however, the increased isolation of quinolone-resistant bacteria above them has become a normal outcome. These problems of multi-drug resistance have been the driving force for the development of newer quinolones. The next gereration of quinolone antibacterial agents will be potent against multi-drug resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, and provide a lower rate of emergence in resistance. Further, they should have favorable safety profiles to reduce the adverse reactions. The future of quinolones as the ultimate in pharmaceuticals must be handled cautiously if they are to realize their potential in the medical community.
[A pair of crude drugs used in Shang-Han-Lun, especially the ways of using roasted licorice].
Katakai M, Tani T
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15143767
The frequency and usage of "Yao-dui" (pair of two kinds of crude drugs, Yaku-tai used in Shang-Han-Lun, a famous formulary in traditional Chinese medicine, was examined. The best ten kinds of pairs of two crude drugs fre...
The frequency and usage of "Yao-dui" (pair of two kinds of crude drugs, Yaku-tai used in Shang-Han-Lun, a famous formulary in traditional Chinese medicine, was examined. The best ten kinds of pairs of two crude drugs frequently mentioned in the formulary were those among five drugs contained in Guizhi-tang (Keishi-to in Japanese), which is a major formulation in Shang-Han-Lun. Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Sha-kanzo in Japanese) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (Keishi in Japanese) were used in pairs very frequently, which is used for the treatment of palpitation caused by Xin-yang deficiency (Shin-yo-kyo in Japanese) and usually used with Poria. Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata and Radix Paeoniae worked in pairs for the treatment of muscular spasm and pain due to Xue-deficiency-syndrome (Kekkyo in Japanese). Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata is used together with Rhizoma Zingiberis (Kankyou in Japanese) for the treatment of diarrhea accompanied with cold pain in the lower abdomen and usually used with Radix Ginseng and Aconiti Preparata. The experimental knowledge of the usage of these crude drug pairs will be useful to create a new formulation of crude drugs for modern medical treatment.
[Examination of the Tanyin chapter of the "Heji Jufang"].
Nakamura T, Takano N, Endo J
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15143761
An examination of the tanyin chapter of the "Heji Jufang", the world's first national pharmacopoeia and the major pharmacopoeia of the Northern Sung era, yielded the following findings:(1) In the tanyin chapter, we ident...
An examination of the tanyin chapter of the "Heji Jufang", the world's first national pharmacopoeia and the major pharmacopoeia of the Northern Sung era, yielded the following findings:(1) In the tanyin chapter, we identified many examples of discussions based on the theory of "lung and stomach disorders". Since this theoryis not found in medical books before the Tang era, and since many examples can be found in the "Heji Jufang" and other medical books of the same period, we believe this is a view of pathology peculiar to the Northern Sung era.(2) A comparison of the components of prescriptions used in the "Waitai Miyaofang" and the tanyin chapter of the "Heji Jufang" revealed that the former contains many strong diuretics, purgatives, and crude drugs of a hot nature, while the later contains few of these but many diuretics that have a mild antitussive effect. We believe the use of medicines in the latter is related to the treatment of "avoiding diuretics and purgatives which could adversely affect pi qi."(3) We pointed out that the er chen tang in the tanyin chapter of the "Heji Jufang" is merely one prescription of a group of prescriptions to treat a morbid condition caused by the disorders of the stagnant tanyin. We revealed in the "Yijianfang" and "Wangbing Huichun" the process by which, with the passage of time, that er chen tang came to be widely interpreted as the basic prescription for tanyin, including chronic cases.
[A study on formulas of Ettyu-Hangontan during the Edo period].
Ohashi K
Yakushigaku Zasshi · 2003 · PMID 15143757
Since 1640, Borneol was brought to Nagasaki from South-East Asia by the Dutch ships. As a result, it was introduced as a component unique to "Hangontan" which was distributed by the pill-peddler of Toyama during the Edo...
Since 1640, Borneol was brought to Nagasaki from South-East Asia by the Dutch ships. As a result, it was introduced as a component unique to "Hangontan" which was distributed by the pill-peddler of Toyama during the Edo period. We intend to discuss how to bring about such a formula for the "Hangontan" of Toyama.
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