BACKGROUND: To investigate the associations between various patterns of physical activity (PA) and risk of hip fracture in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retir...BACKGROUND: To investigate the associations between various patterns of physical activity (PA) and risk of hip fracture in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020. PA levels, including moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), low (LPA), and total physical activity (TPA), were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), and a restricted cubic spline analyzed the dose-response relationship between TPA and hip fracture. RESULTS: Among 6,193 participants (mean age 59.3; 54.0% female), 264 hip fractures occurred during follow-up. Meeting WHO-recommended MVPA levels ≥150 min/week) was not associated with reduced risk (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.80-1.35). Similarly, no significant associations were observed for VPA (≥75 min/week), MPA (≥150 min/week), LPA (≥300 min/week), or TPA (≥600 MET-min/week). Dose-response analysis also showed no association between total PA and hip fracture. CONCLUSION: This study does not support the WHO recommendation of ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA for reducing hip fracture risk in this demographic. As PA was self-reported and largely work-related, future research should investigate leisure-time and objectively-measured PA.
INTRODUCTION: Functional hypogonadism, a manifestation of testosterone deficiency in simultaneously present comorbidities, profoundly impairs quality of life in men with overweight and obesity - yet remains persistently...INTRODUCTION: Functional hypogonadism, a manifestation of testosterone deficiency in simultaneously present comorbidities, profoundly impairs quality of life in men with overweight and obesity - yet remains persistently under-recognized in clinical practice. FINDINGS: Lifestyle modification constitutes first-line therapy, while pharmacological and surgical interventions increasingly complement it. Both promote substantial weight loss and may reverse obesity-related hypogonadism; bariatric surgery, in particular, elicits marked rises in circulating testosterone but entails risks of bone demineralization and uncertain long-term reproductive sequelae. Notwithstanding, testosterone deficiency itself represents a key driver of secondary osteoporosis, insulin resistance, anemia, fatigue, and depression as well as sexual symptoms. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have redefined obesity therapy through profound weight reduction and cardiometabolic benefit, yet concomitant losses of lean mass raise concern over sarcopenia and skeletal fragility. CONCLUSION: This focused review article aims to present a comprehensive update on the latest data concerning combining testosterone therapy with contemporary anti-obesity pharmacotherapy as a new standard of care for obese men with functional hypogonadism, uniting metabolic, vascular, sexual, cognitive, and skeletal benefits within a comprehensive strategy to fortify corporeal resilience and enhance quality of life.
BACKGROUND: The extent to which male hypogonadism is diagnosed and treated remains ambiguous. This study scrutinizes the respective medical framework in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study retrospect...BACKGROUND: The extent to which male hypogonadism is diagnosed and treated remains ambiguous. This study scrutinizes the respective medical framework in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study retrospectively analyzes data from four million male state insurance clients, aged 30 to 80, from 2014 to 2021. It evaluates diagnostics related to hypogonadism prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, testosterone therapy (TTh) implementation, type 2 diabetes incidence, and work incapacity rates. RESULTS: According to the diagnoses, the prevalence of primary hypogonadism (0.62%) exceeded that of secondary (0.16%) and functional hypogonadism (0.09%), with both incidence and prevalence rising from 2015 to 2021. Common comorbidities included primary hypertension, back pain, and dyslipidemia. Within the first year post-diagnosis, TTh (via transdermal or intramuscular administration) was initiated in 35.22%, 36.60%, and 59.55% of patients with primary, secondary, and functional hypogonadism, respectively. Untreated primary hypogonadism patients had higher work incapacity rates compared to treated patients (17.1% vs. 9.71%; < 0.001). Conversely, treated patients had a higher incidence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (24.0% vs. 17.7%; < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Optimizing the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of male hypogonadism in clinical practice could enhance the quality of life for affected individuals and reduce societal costs.
BACKGROUND: The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), an indicator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, has demonstrated significant clinical potential. The study aims to investigate the associat...BACKGROUND: The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), an indicator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, has demonstrated significant clinical potential. The study aims to investigate the association between the MHR and total testosterone (TT) levels, as well as testosterone deficiency (TD) risk, utilizing data from the NHANES. METHODS: We analyzed data from 6,194 adult men from NHANES 2011-2016. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations of MHR with TT levels and TD risk, respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses and subgroup analyses further assessed the robustness of our findings. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, each unit increase in log-transformed MHR was associated with a decrease in TT ( = -47.91, 95% CI: -62.39, -33.43, < 0.001) and an increase in TD risk (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.24, < 0.001). RCS analysis confirmed a linear relationship, and the findings were consistent across subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that in the United States (US) adult men, a high MHR is linked to low TT levels and a higher TD risk. These findings suggest MHR could be a useful marker for early detection of low testosterone and TD risk, warranting further prospective research for confirmation.
BACKGROUND: The impact of air pollutants on cognitive aging remains uncertain. This study investigates whether sarcopenia mediates the association of ozone (O), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and particulate matter (PM) with cog...BACKGROUND: The impact of air pollutants on cognitive aging remains uncertain. This study investigates whether sarcopenia mediates the association of ozone (O), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and particulate matter (PM) with cognitive decline. METHODS: Using data from adults (≥45 years) in the 2015 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) waves, we employed linear regression, mediation, and restricted cubic spline analyses to assess the associations of air pollutants and sarcopenia with cognitive function (measured by mental status and episodic memory), controlling for confounders. RESULTS: O, NO, PM, and sarcopenia demonstrated significant negative associations with cognitive function (all < 0, all 95% CI excluded 0, all < 0.05). Sarcopenia mediated 12.79% and 6.65% of the effect of PM and O, respectively. Subgroup analyses identified sex and marital status as significant effect modifiers. CONCLUSIONS: O, NO, PM, and sarcopenia were negatively associated with cognitive function. Sarcopenia partially mediated the effects of O and PM.
INTRODUCTION: Corporoplasty is typically accompanied by circumcision to prevent complications such as phimosis, foreskin edema, and necrosis, yet supporting evidence is limited. We reassessed the need for concomitant cir...INTRODUCTION: Corporoplasty is typically accompanied by circumcision to prevent complications such as phimosis, foreskin edema, and necrosis, yet supporting evidence is limited. We reassessed the need for concomitant circumcision by quantifying postoperative phimosis and exploring associated comorbidities. METHODS: In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, 69 of 191 men who underwent corporoplasty between 2010 and 2023 met predefined criteria. Patients with incomplete records, refusal to participate, or loss to follow-up were excluded. Data collection involved the administration of a questionnaire to patients, supplemented by data retrieved from medical databases. The median age was 55 years (range 17-70 years). RESULTS: 48 of 69 patients did not undergo circumcision either before or during the corporoplasty. Only 3 out of the 48 patients (6.25%) developed post-surgical phimosis. No post-surgical foreskin necrosis were reported. A relevant finding was type2 diabetes mellitus as a significant risk factor for post-surgical phimosis ( < 0.0038). Additionally, the negative impact of the degree of curvature on post-surgical glans penis sensitivity was identified ( = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Our findings advocate against the obligatory practice of circumcision performing corporoplasty. Nonetheless, our results emphasize the importance of counseling patients with type2 diabetes mellitus due to their heightened susceptibility to post-surgical phimosis development.
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to bones and lymph nodes; visceral metastases are uncommon. Central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of prostate cancer with br...BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to bones and lymph nodes; visceral metastases are uncommon. Central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of prostate cancer with brain metastasis initially presenting as a lesion occupying the sellar and suprasellar regions and discuss its management. CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old male presented with diplopia for two months. Brain MRI showed an occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar regions. He also reported urinary difficulty and constipation. Laboratory tests showed elevated TPSA (367.000 ng/mL) and FPSA (40.300 ng/mL) levels. Imaging supported prostate cancer with a suprasellar metastatic lesion. Transurethral prostate resection confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed with mHSPC (T4N1M1) and received endocrine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastasis from prostate cancer is rare. This case demonstrated a significant reduction in both primary and metastatic lesions following ADT-based endocrine therapy, with no significant adverse effects.
BACKGROUND: The causal relationship and mechanisms connecting Vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency anemia, red cell distribution width (RDW), and prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear due to small, methodologically limited studi...BACKGROUND: The causal relationship and mechanisms connecting Vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency anemia, red cell distribution width (RDW), and prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear due to small, methodologically limited studies. METHODS: We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) using GWAS to test the causal effects of VB12 deficiency anemia and RDW on PCa. VB12-deprivation cell assays assessed -H2AX, cell-cycle distribution, and EMT markers. Mechanistic follow-up used SMR with HEIDI, enrichment, and colocalization analyses. RESULTS: Both VB12 deficiency anemia (OR_IVW = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.018-1.090) and higher RDW (OR_IVW = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.040-1.153) showed modest positive associations with PCa risk by 2SMR. Multiple sensitivity analyses supported robustness, bidirectional tests found no evidence of reverse causation, and VB12-deprivation cell assays further corroborated the MR signals. In multivariable MR, the positive RDW-PCa association persisted after conditioning on CRP and ferritin. SMR identified 68 genes shared between VB12 deficiency anemia and PCa. Colocalization highlighted two priority loci: B3GAT1 (PP4 = 0.94) and SIK2 (PP4 = 0.78), suggesting that expression changes at these genes may mediate prostate cancer susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Genetic liability to VB12 deficiency anemia and higher RDW showed modest, directionally consistent associations with increased PCa risk. This risk may be mediated through B3GAT1 and SIK2.
BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to explore the potential associations between Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)/PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional s...BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to explore the potential associations between Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)/PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study based on data from 2360 male participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program in the year 2001-2004. ED was evaluated according to a self-administered questionnaire. PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel were employed to evaluate the biological aging speed as previously reported. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to reveal the association between either PhenoAge or PhenoAgeAccel and ED. We also applied restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to explore the non-linearity in such associations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to detect the robustness of the main finding. RESULTS: Significantly higher PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel were observed in participants with ED compared with no ED group (both < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic analyses exhibited significant associations of both PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel, either in continuous or categorical forms, with ED, with comprehensive adjustment. RCS models revealed the non-linear relationship between either PhenoAge or PhenoAgeAccel and ED. Sensitivity analyses showed the associations between PhenoAge/PhenoAgeAccel and ED remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested a significantly positive association between either PhenoAge or PhenoAgeAccel and ED. Future researches are needed to verify our findings.
BACKGROUND: The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) quantifies multimorbidity, but its link to erectile dysfunction (ED) remains underexplored. METHODS: Usin data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N...BACKGROUND: The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) quantifies multimorbidity, but its link to erectile dysfunction (ED) remains underexplored. METHODS: Usin data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), our study investigated the association between CCI and ED. Our analysis involved weighted multivariate regression, subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses, and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. RESULTS: Among the 2295 adults included in this study, 863 (37.6%) were diagnosed with ED. Weighted multivariate regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between the CCI and the risk of ED. Each additional point on the CCI was associated with a 32% higher risk of ED (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.47). Furthermore, when participants were categorized into two groups based on CCI scores (CCI = 0 and CCI ≥ 1), the risk of ED was notably higher for those with CCI ≥ 1, showing a 122% increased risk compared to those with CCI = 0 (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.05). Sensitivity analyses, including subgroup analyses and PSM, consistently supported the strong positive correlation between the CCI and ED. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that a higher CCI is positively correlated with an increased risk of ED, suggesting that lower CCI scores are associated with lower risk of ED.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of degarelix and GnRH agonists in prostate cancer treatment. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of S...BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of degarelix and GnRH agonists in prostate cancer treatment. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. RevMan 5.3 software was applied to conduct the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Degarelix resulted in a higher frequency of adverse events compared to GnRH agonists (59.7% vs 48.4%; RR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.13, < 0.001). However, these events did not translate into a higher rate of severe complications (10.8% vs 11.8%; RR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.66-1.19, = 0.43), treatment discontinuation (5.5% vs 5.5%; RR:1.00, 95%CI: 0.67-1.50, = 0.99) or death (2.5% vs 3.9%; RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.34-1.19, = 0.16). Degarelix triggered higher incidence of injection site reaction (45.3%vs 4.4%; RR: 19.17, 95%CI: 5.51-66.74, < 0.00001), but contributed to lower rates of cardiovascular events (6.1% vs 7.8%; RR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.51-0.96, = 0.03), musculoskeletal events (12.7% vs 15.2%; RR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95, = 0.01) and urinary adverse effects (AEs) (6.4% vs 14.1%; RR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.33-0.63, < 0.00001). Degarelix provided better relief of IPSS (MD -1.85, 95%CI: -2.97- -0.72, = 0.001) and was linked to reduced prostate volume (MD -1.4, 95%CI: -4.83-2.02, = 0.42). There was no significant difference in PSA progression at 12 months (13.3% vs 14%; RR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.73-1.06, = 0.17). However, degarelix achieved significantly higher castration rates at day 3 (96.5% vs 0%; RR: 356.05, 95%CI: 87.57-1447.68, < 0.00001) and more sustained testosterone suppression at 12 months (96.1% vs 74.3%; RR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.02-1.66, = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: While degarelix is associated with higher overall AE rates, it provides significant benefits in terms of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal safety, rapid testosterone suppression, and lower urinary AEs.
BACKGROUND: Prostate diseases, comprising prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCA), represent substantial public health burdens. This study aimed to clarify biomarker-disease relationshi...BACKGROUND: Prostate diseases, comprising prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCA), represent substantial public health burdens. This study aimed to clarify biomarker-disease relationships and identify potential therapeutic targets for prostate disorders using a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. METHODS: We conducted two-sample MR analyses using genome-wide association data. Causal effects were estimated using complementary MR methods. To identify therapeutic targets, MR findings were integrated with DrugBank, protein-protein interaction networks, bulk RNA sequencing, and molecular docking. RESULTS: Six biomarkers showed causal effects on prostate diseases: URK on prostatitis; GGT and TBIL on BPH; and UCR, PHOS, and BUN on PCA. Functional integration highlighted MPO and TUBB as drug targets for BPH, while docking implicated MET and ATP8B1 in BPH and GATA3 and ENPP3 in PCA. Drug repurposing suggested dexamethasone for BPH and colchicine and metformin for PCA. CONCLUSION: This study provides genetic evidence linking biomarkers to prostate diseases and identifies novel druggable targets and repurposing opportunities, offering mechanistic insights and prospects for precision therapy.
BACKGROUND: Testosterone deficiency (TD) is a prevalent condition that negatively impacts health, with diet quality being a potential modifiable risk factor. Using cross-sectional NHANES 2011-2016 data, we evaluated the...BACKGROUND: Testosterone deficiency (TD) is a prevalent condition that negatively impacts health, with diet quality being a potential modifiable risk factor. Using cross-sectional NHANES 2011-2016 data, we evaluated the association between diet quality and TD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 3262 male adults aged ≥20 years from NHANES (2011-2016). Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) and the Comprehensive Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between diet quality and TD. RESULTS: Participants with TD had significantly lower HEI-2020 scores compared to non-TD participants (48.64 49.38, = 0.038). In the fully adjusted model (age, race, BMI, etc.), participants in the highest tertile of CDAI had a significantly lower risk of TD (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, = 0.014). After adjusting for potential confounders (age, race, BMI, etc.), individuals in the highest tertile of HEI-2020 also showed a reduced odds of TD (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98, = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Better adherence to diet quality indices, as measured by HEI-2020 and CDAI, is associated with a lower risk of TD.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of medications in elderly with overactive bladder. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials databases were systema...OBJECTIVE: To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of medications in elderly with overactive bladder. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials databases were systematically searched from database inception to July 25, 2023, and randomized, controlled, double-blind trials for overactive bladder in the elderly were screened according to the protocol. Data were analyzed using Stata17.0. RESULTS: In terms of reducing Micturitions, the interventions were ranked: trospium chloride (TRO), fesoterodine (FES) 4/8 mg, vibegron (VIB), mirabegron (MIR) 25/50 mg, tolterodine ER (TOL) 4 mg, placebo (PBO), of which only TOL showed no significant difference compared to placebo; Forsafety, the TEAE of TOL 4/8 mg had the highest incidence and was significantly different from others; MIR, VIB, and FES 4mg were well-tolerated regarding dry mouth and constipation; TOL 4 mg, FES 4/8 mg, and VIB showed a statistically increase from placebo for headache and FES 4/8mg and MIR 25 mg showed a statistically increase for dizziness. CONCLUSIONS: TRO 60 mg has the best efficacy in reducing micturitions, but increases the incidence of dry mouth and constipation; VIB and MIR are well tolerated in dry mouth and constipation, but may increase the risk of headache or dizziness.
BACKGROUND: The association between hypertension and kidney stones remains inconsistent. This research investigated the relationship between hypertension and the risk and progression of kidney stones. METHODS: A cross-se...BACKGROUND: The association between hypertension and kidney stones remains inconsistent. This research investigated the relationship between hypertension and the risk and progression of kidney stones. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The association was assessed with a multivariable logistic regression model. Furthermore, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate causality. Methods included inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and sensitivity analyses. Summary-level data for kidney stones were obtained from the UK Biobank, and for hypertension from a genome-wide association study (GWAS)analysis. RESULTS: The NHANES analysis included 21,740 participants. After full adjustment, hypertension was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of kidney stones (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.56, < 0.001). In the MR analysis, the IVW method indicated a causal effect of hypertension on kidney stones (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, = 0.013), supported by the weighted median method (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02, = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses revealed no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation revealed a heightened risk of kidney stones linked to hypertension, which necessitates validation through further large-scale prospective cohort studies.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between changes in central obesity-related indices and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations. METHODS: Using 2011 and 2015 data from China Health and Retirement L...OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between changes in central obesity-related indices and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations. METHODS: Using 2011 and 2015 data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2,144 participants aged ≥45 were included. Changes in 5 indices (body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), relative fat mass (RFM), conicity index (CI)) over 4 years were calculated. Cognitive function was assessed episodic memory and mind status. Logistic regression (with sensitivity analysis), restricted cubic spline models (for non-linear relationships/threshold effects), and gender-stratified subgroup analysis were used. RESULTS: Participants with stable/moderately increased indices had lower cognitive decline risk than those with significant decreases. vs. Q1, Q3 ORs for overall cognitive decline were 0.70 (95%CI:0.55-0.89), 0.77 (0.61-0.98), 0.76 (0.59-0.96), 0.69 (0.54-0.88), 0.78 (0.61-0.98) for the 5 indices. A U-shaped association was found; the association existed in men but not women. CONCLUSION: Moderate increase in men's central obesity indices may reduce cognitive decline risk (excessive increase may raise it), suggesting monitoring these indices in middle-aged/elderly men to prevent cognitive decline.
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a rare instance of retroperitoneal reproductive vascular capillary hemangioma, offering a review and critical discourse on pertinent scholarly works. METHODS: We conducted a detailed follow...OBJECTIVE: This study presents a rare instance of retroperitoneal reproductive vascular capillary hemangioma, offering a review and critical discourse on pertinent scholarly works. METHODS: We conducted a detailed follow-up on a patient who received a robot-assisted laparoscopic excision for the said hemangioma. Postoperatively, the patient's clinical data were meticulously monitored, and a thorough analysis of the hemangioma's clinical profile was performed, integrating pathological assessments and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings to formulate innovative diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. RESULTS: The pathological report of the patient's left retroperitoneal tumor was a capillary hemangioma with a diameter of 3 cm and a gray-red, solid, soft-cut surface; IHC showed: CD31 (+), CD34 (+), CK-pan (-); The patient was followed up for 2 years without any signs of recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Initial diagnostic considerations on retroperitoneal tumors should extend to capillary hemangiomas, which are often overlooked and prone to misdiagnosis; The early and judicious examination of retroperitoneal tumors, particularly utilizing abdominal enhanced CT when renal function is adequate, is of paramount importance for tumor localization and preliminary characterization; While hemangiomas are typically benign, the scarcity of retroperitoneal capillary hemangioma cases necessitates broader clinical studies and statistical analysis for a more nuanced understanding of these tumors.
AIMS: Epidemiological studies indicate a heightened risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity...AIMS: Epidemiological studies indicate a heightened risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Common DEGs between T2DM and PAAD were identified from GEO datasets. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed PPI, GO, and KEGG. Core genes were screened and their diagnostic value was validated by ROC curves. Immune infiltration and TF-mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed to explore disease mechanisms. Core gene expression and prognostic significance in PAAD were assessed using GEPIA2 and HPA. Potential therapeutics targeting core genes were predicted the Therapeutic Target Database. RESULTS: A total of 35 DEGs were identified. GO analysis linked these genes to cell adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. KEGG enrichment highlighted ECM-receptor interaction as the top pathway. Key ECM-related molecules-ITGA3, FN1, LAMB3, ITGA2, and LAMC2-were upregulated in both T2DM and PAAD. Six potential therapeutic agents targeting ITGA2, LAMB3, and FN1 were identified. CONCLUSION: Three genes and associated known drugs identified in this study may serve as potential targets for treating the coexistence of the two diseases.