Journal Of Parasitic Diseases[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Seroprevalence of spp. infection among pregnant women in Jahrom city in Fars province, southern Iran.
Karimi Y, Roustazadeh A, Mir H … +6 more , Solhjoo K, Shabani M, Shadmand E, Taghipour A, Abdoli A, Bahadori Mazidi B
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458502 · Full text
spp. infection can cause systemic and ocular disease in infants and pregnant women. In this study, the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of spp. infection were investigated in pregnant women from Jahrom county,...
spp. infection can cause systemic and ocular disease in infants and pregnant women. In this study, the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of spp. infection were investigated in pregnant women from Jahrom county, Fars province, southern Iran. A total of 220 serum samples from pregnant women were assessed for the presence of spp. IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The associated risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. The seroprevalence was 16.36% (36/220) among pregnant women. As such, a statistically significant association was found between age (39 ≤ years old with value: 0.009), consuming raw vegetables (value: 0.001), and eating raw or undercooked meat (value: 0.04). We recommend an appropriate health education program for pregnant women and serological screening for toxocariasis before pregnancy. Moreover, we believed a need for more epidemiological studies for better understand the status of spp. in pregnant women.
Efficacy of medicinal plants in cryptosporidiosis treatment: a comprehensive review.
Thakur S, Yadav R, Kaur U … +2 more , Thakur JS, Sehgal R
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458501 · Full text
spp. infect the microvillus epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. It leads to diarrheal disease named as cryptosporidiosis which is considered as the fifth leading cause of diarrhea in children y...
spp. infect the microvillus epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. It leads to diarrheal disease named as cryptosporidiosis which is considered as the fifth leading cause of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years. The treatment is also limited, as there is only single FDA approved drug (i.e., Nitazoxanide) which has varying efficacy in immune-compromised individuals (HIV infections) and children. The increasing utilization of traditional plants extracts in treating these spp. of infectious protozoan parasite indicated their potentials as alternative remedies for dealing with these detrimental pathogens.
Molecular and serological assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin Loaded nanoparticles on experimentally.
Moawad HSF, Elgendy AM, Mohamed SMA … +3 more , Mousa ES, Moustafa RA, Saleh AAE
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458500 · Full text
Trichinosis is a real threat to public health that infects humans and animals. Current treatments have high resistance and limited bioavailability. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the bioavailability of these d...
Trichinosis is a real threat to public health that infects humans and animals. Current treatments have high resistance and limited bioavailability. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the bioavailability of these drugs by developing new agents. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ivermectin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) and their combination with albendazole (ABZ) on the muscular and intestinal phases of trichinosis. We had eight main groups of mice: non-infected control; infected control; infected and treated with ABZ; infected and treated with ivermectin (IVM); infected and treated with CS NPs; infected and treated with ABZ and IVM; infected and treated with IVM-loaded CS NPS; and infected and treated with ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS. Two subgroups were formed for each group: a and b for both phases, intestinal and muscular, respectively. Drug efficacy was parasitologically, histopathologically, serologically, and molecularly evaluated. The ABZ combined with IVM-loaded CS NPS-treated group showed the highest statistically significant reduction in adult and encysted larval counts and a noticeable reduction of both intestinal and muscular inflammation. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α, iNOS, and IFN-γ gene expression when compared with the infected control. Although the level of IL10 was increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, IVM-loaded CS NPS enhanced the efficacy of ABZ against -infected mice.
Molecular identification of and species isolates in ruminants livestock from Kashan and Arak in center of Iran.
Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Delavari M
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458499 · Full text
and are important trematode infections that affect humans and ruminants worldwide. Molecular techniques have a conclusive role in detection of liver flukes. The purpose of the current study was to find outthe genotypic...
and are important trematode infections that affect humans and ruminants worldwide. Molecular techniques have a conclusive role in detection of liver flukes. The purpose of the current study was to find outthe genotypic diversity of and spp. isolated from different hosts in Iran. Totally, 160 and 200 adult and spp. isolates were collected from infected cattle, sheep, and goatsfrom two abattoirs in the center of Iran.PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequences nuclear markers (18 S, 28 S, ITS) and the mitochondrial marker (ND1, CO1) were applied. PCR products of and samples were subjected to digestion by , , , , and enzymes. DNA from 60 isolates of and of different hosts were sequenced and evaluated. The PCR reaction showed the length of 18 S, 28 S, ND1, CO1 of at 260 bp, 618 bp, 700 bp, and 500 bp, and the length of the ITS2 and 28 S of was 236 bp and 963 bp respectively. has an RFLP pattern of 110, and 126 bp (ITS2), and 116, 293, 409 bp (28 S) using, and restriction enzymes. has a profile of 333, and 285 bp (28 S) using enzyme. The RFLP pattern of genotype . was 73, 120, and 507 bp (ND1) and 119 and 381 bp (CO1) in size using and enzymes. Using the PCR-RFLP, two species of ( and ), and one species of Dicrocoelium () were identified. To uncover the genetic population structure of liver flukes across the country, future studies are still required.
Efficacy of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and albendazole in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.
Elmansory BM, Zalat RS, Khaled E … +1 more , Taha NM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458498 · Full text
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the main causes of fatal watery diarrhea, especially in immunocompromised patients worldwide. Although nitazoxanide (NTZ) is the only effective FDA approved drug for cryptosporidiosis, it is p...
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the main causes of fatal watery diarrhea, especially in immunocompromised patients worldwide. Although nitazoxanide (NTZ) is the only effective FDA approved drug for cryptosporidiosis, it is partially effective in immunocompromised patients. So, there is an urgent need for new alternatives for treating cryptosporidiosis in those patients. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB) as compared to NTZ and their combinations in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed infected mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups (G) with 10 mice each; GI: treated with NTZ. GII: treated with IVM. GIII: treated with ALB. GIV: treated with combined NTZ and IVM. GV: treated with combined NTZ and ALB. GVI: non-infected non-treated (negative control). GVII: infected non-treated (positive control). Parasitological, histopathological, and immunological studies were done for all studied groups. The combined therapy of NTZ and IVM showed the best results in reducing the oocysts shedding (reduction rate of 91.9%), healing the histopathological inflammatory changes of ileum, in addition to enhancing the cellular immune response by marked elevation of serum INF-γ levels as compared to the other treatment regimens. Therefore, we concluded that this synergistic combination is promising in controlling cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients.
Repurposing of Amiodarone for treatment of muscle phase of experimental trichinellosis spiralis.
Abdelhamid GA, Abdel-Aal AA, Badawi M … +2 more , Fahmy MA, Abd-Alghany AR
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458497 · Full text
Recently, testing existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes has been highly recommended. Trichinellosis is a parasitic infection caused by roundworms from the genus . Treating trichinellosis is facing many challenges a...
Recently, testing existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes has been highly recommended. Trichinellosis is a parasitic infection caused by roundworms from the genus . Treating trichinellosis is facing many challenges and offering new pharmacological therapeutics is needed. In this study, Amiodarone, the antiarrhythmic medication was repurposed for the first time for treating the muscle phase of trichinellosis in experimental mice. Thirty-five mice were used and divided as follows; normal, infected, infected, and treated with Albendazole (ALB), and the infected and treated with Amiodarone (AMD). Thirty-five days post inoculation of infection and after euthanasia; the diaphragms of all mice were subjected to histopathological examination while the whole muscle masses of the infected and infected-treated mice were subjected to digestion and examination for assessing the number of larvae per gram. Compared to ALB, AMD showed the best results in this study. A significant reduction of muscle larval burden (71.43%, versus ALB 62.36%; <.001) and improvement of the diaphragmatic histopathological changes with a significant reduction of inflammatory infiltrates ( <.001). According to our results, AMD showed an anti-inflammatory plus antiparasitic action against the muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis. In addition, ALB, the drug of choice till now should be tested in combination with other treatments to improve its intestinal absorption and subsequently its anti-larval efficacy, plus reducing its consequential severe inflammatory reaction.
Challenges and insights in morphological identification of species in cattle: a comprehensive study and identification key.
Reshi AA, Tak H, Bulbul KH … +2 more , Wani ZA, Bhat AH
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458496 · Full text
This study aimed to enhance morphological identification of species in cattle of Kashmir through comprehensive analysis of oocyst morphology, body shape index, micropyle presence, dimensions, and sporulation time and pr...
This study aimed to enhance morphological identification of species in cattle of Kashmir through comprehensive analysis of oocyst morphology, body shape index, micropyle presence, dimensions, and sporulation time and prepare a taxonomic key for the identification of in cattle. A total of 1198 faecal samples were collected by per rectal method with 589 (49.2%) testing positive for species. Subsequently, 845 oocysts from various samples were analyzed for shape assessment and measurement of dimensions using micrometry. Nine species were identified based on morphological characteristics, including , , , , , , , , and Additionally, an unidentified species exhibiting morphological similarities to and was discovered, distinguished by a distinct and conspicuous micropyle absent in either species. Emphasis was placed on identifying recurring characteristics within certain oocysts, and a key was formulated to enhance oocyst identification. Our findings contribute to the understanding of species diversity in cattle populations, underscoring the importance of comprehensive morphometric analysis for accurate species identification and epidemiological surveillance. Further research is warranted to elucidate the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of identified species, as well as to refine identification methods and develop effective disease management strategies.
Epidemiological investigation and diagnostic comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kalaleh city, Iran: a parasitological and molecular approach.
Hayatolgheib-Moghadam S, Pourzandkhanooki M, Hadighi R … +5 more , Geraili A, Alipour M, Namrodi J, Rampisheh Z, Badirzadeh A
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458495 · Full text
Leishmaniasis is one of the most concerning diseases worldwide, which is caused by intracellular parasites. It is classified in the phylum Sarcomastigophora, order Kintoplastida, and genus . This parasite is mostly zoon...
Leishmaniasis is one of the most concerning diseases worldwide, which is caused by intracellular parasites. It is classified in the phylum Sarcomastigophora, order Kintoplastida, and genus . This parasite is mostly zoonotic and one of the main clinical manifestations of the infection is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of types of CL in Kalaleh city in Golestan province in the north of the Iran with parasitological and Nested-PCR methods. Total of 227 giemsa-stained slides were collected from the health center of Kalaleh city. In the microscopic examination, positive and negative cases were determined and the parasite load was scored. Then the DNA of samples was extracted. The kDNA gene was used to determine the identity of different species of using the Nested-PCR molecular method. Totally, 109 positive samples and 118 negative samples were identified in microscopic examination. In molecular examination using Nested-PCR, all parasitologically positive samples were confirmed. Out of 118 samples that were detected as negative in microscopic examination, three of them were identified as positive by molecular method. The identity of all isolated species was (). This study determined that the dominant type of CL in Kalaleh city is . Also, according to the results obtained from parasitological and molecular methods, it can be stated that Nested-PCR is an effective method to detect this organism because of high sensitivity and specificity.
Socio-environmental maps as tools to characterize the risk of parasitosis in the horticultural peri-urban area of La Plata, Argentina.
Falcone AC, Rivas GA, Nieto DP … +1 more , Unzaga JM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458494 · Full text
Characterize the socio-environmental risk associated with parasitic infection based on the analysis of geographic distribution patterns and the population, household, and housing conditions of the productive peri-urban a...
Characterize the socio-environmental risk associated with parasitic infection based on the analysis of geographic distribution patterns and the population, household, and housing conditions of the productive peri-urban area of La Plata. A "Kernel" density map was used and a Socio-environmental Risk Analysis (SRA) criterion was developed to evaluate the tendency shown by the risk factors of parasitic contamination. The construction of the SRA was based on the variables of the concept of Unsatisfied Basic Needs and Territorial Vulnerability Index. In the "Kernel" density map a similar distribution trend was observed in the points analyzed that determine the presence of parasites, plots with intensive crops and the areas of highest altitude and watersheds of the basins. In the SRA, the majority of the surface area (71%) was important in the characterization of high risk. The houses built with sheet metal and wood, high critical overcrowding, limited access to waste collection, frequent flooding, distances to educational and limited access to health coverage are the variables that contributed most to the risk, confirming that access to drinking water and sewage systems are not the only limiting factors for parasitic infections. Consequently, non-farming families living in the region in conditions of similar materiality and without access to public services present a high risk of contamination by parasitic species. The information analyzed shows that the construction of distributive social policies and preventive health management to mitigate the presence of parasitic species in the region is priority.
Role of microbiota in host- interaction.
Misganaw T, Abebe W, Ashagire A … +2 more , Asmare Z, Daka D
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458493 · Full text
Malaria is one of the major public health and deadly parasitic diseases caused by the species. The microbiota plays a great role in host- interactions in their life cycle. There is a lack of comprehensive information on...
Malaria is one of the major public health and deadly parasitic diseases caused by the species. The microbiota plays a great role in host- interactions in their life cycle. There is a lack of comprehensive information on their role, and even their role in the lifecycle is not clearly defined as positive or negative. Generally, the importance of the present review helps have comprehensive information on the microbiota's role, which is important to generate an idea on the new prevention and control mechanism of malaria. This review is aimed at reviewing literature related to the role of microbiota in host interactions. Common search terms were Anopheles mosquito, Microbiota, Malaria, and . Forty-seven related articles were reviewed. The sources of articles were Google Scholar, PubMed, and Wiley online library with retrieval time from August 15 to September 4/2021. The existence of microbiota in the midgut of stimulates the mosquito's immunity, which enables the production of antimicrobial peptides and other immune effectors that act against . Microbiota also impairs survival by producing uncharacterized bacterial-associated metabolites and competing for essential nutrients or resources like lipoproteins. Peptidoglycan recognition protein LB in bacteria has been identified as a negative regulator of the immune deficiency pathway, which prevents systemic antimicrobial responses to the microbiota. The human gut microbiota is known to play a crucial role in the invasion, severity, and outcome of infections in the human host. Additionally, human skin bacteria have been found to convert components of sweat into volatile organic compounds that attract mosquitoes, indirectly affecting the life cycle. The interaction between female and human hosts to is influenced by the microbiota of both the mosquito and the human host. However, many mechanisms of interaction are still unknown, and further original research is needed to better understand the host-pathogen interaction between and .
A retrospective perspective on epidemiology, clinicopathological and therapeutic aspects of microfilariosis in buffaloes of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.
Ramakrishna KV, Ramadevi P
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458492 · Full text
Utilizing retrospective data collected over a period of nine years during the period from 2010 till 2019, an attempt was made to study various aspects of microfileremia in adult buffaloes in West Godavari district of And...
Utilizing retrospective data collected over a period of nine years during the period from 2010 till 2019, an attempt was made to study various aspects of microfileremia in adult buffaloes in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. This study involves an analysis of epidemiological aspects of microfilariosis, clinical presentation and therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin. The study involved initial examination of 15,851 blood samples of buffaloes collected in the district from different sources and various predisposing factors influencing the incidence like season, stocking density, vector propagation, individual and herd stressors, age and lactation status were considered. Diagnostic specificity and applicability of available tests like wet blood smear examination, methylene blue staining, Giemsa's staining and Modified Knott's test were evaluated. The incidence was highest during July-September (6.6%) followed by October-December (6.1%), January-March (5.2%) and April-June (4.9%). Post monsoon warm and humid weather appears to favour the vector propagation and incidence. High proportion of microfilaremia at least 2-3 per alternate microscopic fields was presumed to be responsible for clinical microfilariosis than low infection like one motile parasite for every 3-6 microscope fields. Fourteen (14) clinical cases and equal number of healthy control animals, both are lactating, calved 4-5 month back, with an average milk yield of 6.8 L were selected for clinical studies and evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. Therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was evaluated by assessing the circulatory clearance rate of microfilaria, improvement in clinical signs and return to productivity. The possibility of spontaneous elimination of parasite without specific treatment was not considered with an aim for rapid recovery without complications. Supportive therapy aided in the correction of anemia and speedy recovery. Recurrence of microfileremia was not observed after two months of periodic post therapeutic evaluation and follow-up.
Parasitological and molecular detection of in and in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran.
Razmi G, Yaghfoori S, Bakhshani A … +1 more , Barati A
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Jun · PMID 40458491 · Full text
infects the haemolymphatic tissues of both domestic and wild dogs, resulting in symptoms such as anemia and lethargy. The transmission of this parasite occurs primarily through and various other ixodid tick species. A s...
infects the haemolymphatic tissues of both domestic and wild dogs, resulting in symptoms such as anemia and lethargy. The transmission of this parasite occurs primarily through and various other ixodid tick species. A study was conducted to determine the tick vector of in dogs in the Mashhad region, Khorasan Razavi province, from 2018 to 2021. A total of 976 ixodid ticks were collected from 39 sheepdogs and 76 shelterdogs during activating seasons of ticks. Adult ticks were identified according to general identification keys. The collected female ticks were separated into 81 tick pools according to their species. The hemolymph smear was prepared from engorged and semi-engorged female ticks and stained with the Giemsa method, Then, the DNA of each tick pool was extracted using a commercial kit and analyzed by PCR. Two ixodid species, and were identified in infested dogs. The frequency of and infestation in sheepdogs was 80.25% and 19.75% and in shelterdogs 76.5% and 23.5%, respectively. DNA has only been detected in 15 (18.5%) tick pool samples of . Immature oocysts of were detected in two hemolymph smears obtained from engorged female that tested positive via PCR and were collected from shelter dogs. It is concluded that was the dominant tick in sheepdogs and shelter dogs in the Mashhad area. Moreover, the results of the molecular and parasitological examination indicated that ticks be a vector of in dogs in Iran for the first time.
Algerian leishmaniasis history.
Zeroual F, Diouani MF, Messaoudi N … +6 more , Bessou ABE, Boukhezna A, Zeroual Z, Zeroual S, Zeroual M, Simione EV
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975627 · Full text
Historically, leishmaniasis can be traced back to more than 2500 BC, according to several hypotheses, fossil records, and molecular results on archaeological resource samples. In this article, we delve into history to pr...
Historically, leishmaniasis can be traced back to more than 2500 BC, according to several hypotheses, fossil records, and molecular results on archaeological resource samples. In this article, we delve into history to provide some facts and preliminary information serving as a historical overview of leishmaniasis in Algeria, an endemic country ranked second worldwide for the cutaneous form. This article provides an overview of the current situation based on an in-depth analysis of epidemiological data, scientific publications, and official reports. It aims to strengthen data and information on this zoonosis in this country to encourage and prompt more responsible social and scientific behavior. We started with Algerian leishmaniasis before Algeria's French colonial period (before 1830), then the colonial period (between 1830 and 1962), and finally, the country's current period of independence (after 1962). The overall aim of this work is to update the data provided on this parasitosis and make a positive contribution to the fight against this pathology, which remains, until now, a source of mortality and physical and psychological after-effects for all affected patients in this country.
The antiparasitic effect of C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.
Moneer EA, Akl SH, Shahin YH … +5 more , Shahin SH, Elwakil BH, Eskandrani A, Paudel KR, Bakr BA
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975626 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The present study aimed to newly synthesize C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles through a ball-milling technique. C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles had average diameter of 290.2 nm, zeta potential 48.3 mV and 0.390 PDI. Th...
UNLABELLED: The present study aimed to newly synthesize C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles through a ball-milling technique. C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles had average diameter of 290.2 nm, zeta potential 48.3 mV and 0.390 PDI. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested as an anti-cryptosporidiosis agent compared to the crude C-Phycocyanin. Cryptosporidiosis induction was done in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. The antiparasitic effect was evaluated through multiplex qualitative PCR, count of oocysts, serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, cytokine analysis, and histopathological study (qualitative and quantitative). Multiplex qualitative PCR analysis revealed the presence of the tested parasite gene (JVAF) in all the treated groups. The percentage of the highest reduction of the oocysts means counting has been detected in the infected mice treated with nitazoxanide (NTZ) (Ic, IIc) followed by treatment with C-Phycocyanin nano (Ie, IIe), then C-Phycocyanin (Id, IId) (42, 48, 37, 36 15, and 29% respectively). C-Phycocyanin and C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles treated groups dramatically affected the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. Moreover, treatment with C-Phycocyanin and C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles significantly reduced cytokines levels (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and interleukin (IL-13)) in contrast to untreated groups. The histological results in the tissues of mice's ileum which are infected by spp. (positive control) exhibited cellular inflammation in the submucosa and lamina properia, as well as thickening and flattening of the villi. However, the application of nanoparticles allowed the villus to grow further, indicating the nano impact of the cryptosporidiosis treatment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12639-024-01739-2).
Impact of -20 C° cryopreservation on serum factors from schistosomiasis patients at different storage durations: insights into serum bio-banking.
Aladawy AI, Elnakib M, Fattah MA … +2 more , Taha AG, El Saftawy EA
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975625 · Full text
It is indefinite for research applications if prolonged freeze-stored serum from -infected patients is useful. We assessed - 20 °C freezing as a rapid and inexpensive method. A longitudinal cohort study with staggered fo...
It is indefinite for research applications if prolonged freeze-stored serum from -infected patients is useful. We assessed - 20 °C freezing as a rapid and inexpensive method. A longitudinal cohort study with staggered follow-up periods evaluated the impact of cryopreservation on serum residues from 24 -infected Egyptian patients. Fresh serums were collected in March 2022 and assessed by the indirect haemagglutination test for immunoglobulin titrations and calorimetric assays for ALT, AST, total serum protein, Na, K, Ca, and Mg (baseline values). Sera were then frozen and categorized into 4 groups (6 patients each) according to freezing duration; 3 months (group-1), 6 months (group-2), 9 months (group-3), and 12 months (group-4). Re-evaluation was performed on the immunoglobulin recovery rates and all other serum chemical factors. Baseline assessment showed increased mean values of immunoglobulins, ALT, AST, and proteins; yet, Ca, Na, and K were reduced. Mg showed normal values. Compared with the baselines, - 20 °C freezing showed significant deviations and increased percentage change in immunoglobulin titers, ALT, AST, K, and Na at different time intervals of archiving (p-value ≤ 0.05). Evaluating serum factors interactions post-thawing revealed that AST correlated positively with ALT and Mg sera levels whereas Ca negatively correlated with Na and antibody titer. Analyzing baselines revealed that the parasite alters levels of immunoglobulin, ALT, AST, proteins, Ca, Na, and K. - 20 °C cryopreservation did not guarantee the stability of all tKhese serum parameters. In addition, some serum factors appeared to interact together. Assessing the efficacy of - 20 °C freezing on the next-generation sequencing is recommended.
A potential therapeutic effect of sea cucumber extract during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.
El-Saidy SA, El-Feki AS, El-Khodary GM … +3 more , Hassan AAA, Elgendy DI, Gawaan YM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975624 · Full text
Trichinellosis is a severe parasitic disease transmitted by food, specifically caused by , which exhibits great clinical importance worldwide. Albendazole (ABZ) is the main clinical treatment for trichinellosis but has s...
Trichinellosis is a severe parasitic disease transmitted by food, specifically caused by , which exhibits great clinical importance worldwide. Albendazole (ABZ) is the main clinical treatment for trichinellosis but has some adverse effects and drug resistance. Sea cucumber is an essential source of beneficial therapeutic metabolites. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to explore the potential therapeutic effectiveness of extract (HPE) during the intestinal phase of trichinellosis and the possibility of using it as a supplement to ABZ. For this purpose, mice were divided into a control group and four -infected groups: infected untreated, infected and ABZ-treated, infected and HPE-treated, and infected and combined therapy-treated groups. The treatment with the combined therapy decreased parasitic load by 96.76%, caused deleterious effects on the adult worm cuticle, improved jejunum histological architecture, diminished intestinal inflammatory cytokines, and decreased oxidative damage compared with the infected untreated group and ABZ-treated group. The ameliorating effect of HPE could be due to its total antioxidant capacity content and the presence of natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents like saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, and flavonoids. In conclusion, HPE has a multifaceted, effective impact on trichinellosis and can be considered an ABZ-promising complementary treatment.
Evasive mechanisms of human VSG and PfEMP1 antigens with link to Vaccine scenario: a review.
Obi OA, Obiezue RN, Eze D … +1 more , Adebote DA
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975623 · Full text
Recent fights on the control of trypanosomiasis and malaria focused on underscoring the concepts of antigen evasive mechanisms with the view to exploit the defensive mechanisms inherent in VSG and PfEMP1, although giant...
Recent fights on the control of trypanosomiasis and malaria focused on underscoring the concepts of antigen evasive mechanisms with the view to exploit the defensive mechanisms inherent in VSG and PfEMP1, although giant strides is being achieved towards beating the antigenic propensity of malaria parasites. and adopt a common antigenic novelty through alternate expression of VSG and PfEMP1 respectively. These immunodominant antigens sterically shield other surface proteins from host antibodies and unvaryingly turn out to be the requisite elements with difficult underlining immunological concept for unmatched escape mechanisms of vaccine actions. Hence, the uncommon role of the pathogens to brazenly circumnavigate immunity through switching of variant antigens has not kept pace. Switching of variant surface in human trypanosomes occurs through programmed DNA rearrangements while in . , switching occurs by purely transcriptional mechanism. The repertoire genes harmonize evasion of human immunity and also rekindle the outcome of infections. The extensive sequence divergence and genetic polymorphism of VSG and PfEMP1 are the requisite elements for the next generation breakthrough in vaccine discoveries. Thus, the springboard for the development of novel targets is lurking with the wit of unraveling the immunological concepts underlining the evasive aptitude of VSG and PfEMP1 with convincing biochemical techniques, hence offering a blueprint for enhanced vaccine targets. This review elucidates evasive mechanisms of VSG and PfEMP1 with link to pathologies, challenges of antigenic switches and prospects to current vaccine scenario.
Isolation of from the masseter muscles of equines destined for human consumption in a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil.
de Oliveira UV, Varjão JL, de Jesus Deiró AG … +5 more , Maciel BM, Silva FL, Pinheiro AM, Gondim LFP, Munhoz AD
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975622 · Full text
The aim of this study was to isolate from equids destined for slaughter in a Brazilian slaughterhouse. A total of 354 equids were analyzed, with blood samples collected from all the animals and samples of masseter muscl...
The aim of this study was to isolate from equids destined for slaughter in a Brazilian slaughterhouse. A total of 354 equids were analyzed, with blood samples collected from all the animals and samples of masseter muscle and brain tissue collected from 319 animals. A serological test was conducted to detect equids with specific antibodies for . Molecular detection of by nested PCR was performed on the tissue samples collected. Tissue samples were tested by murine bioassay in an attempt to isolate either the parasite or the parasite DNA. Real-time PCR was performed on the brain samples from 11 mice which seroconverted after inoculation, to quantify the parasitic DNA. Genotyping was performed in masseter tissues samples from positive horses or from tissues of mice inoculated with masseter. The seroprevalence of infection was 19.2%. Nested PCR showed that 5.3% of the equines and 28.8% of the mice from the bioassays were positive for . Nine masseter muscle samples were positive (either on nested-PCR or in bioassay). Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was attempeted on all 12 isolates and was successful in seven, revealing six recombinant and one atypical genotype. The detection of DNA in masseter muscle tissue of horses destined for consumption clearly indicates a risk to human health.
Evaluation of metformin's effect on the adult and juvenile stages of : an in-vitro study.
Abdel Menaem HN, Hanafy MA, Abou El Dahab M … +1 more , Mohamed KESK
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975621 · Full text
Metformin (Met), a well-known anti-diabetic drug with a potent autophagy induction property, has been proven to be effective against several parasitic diseases. In the present in vitro study, the effect of Met on the via...
Metformin (Met), a well-known anti-diabetic drug with a potent autophagy induction property, has been proven to be effective against several parasitic diseases. In the present in vitro study, the effect of Met on the viability and ultrastructure of adults and juveniles in comparison with the standard anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel (PZQ), was investigated. Adults and juveniles were treated in vitro with 5 µM PZQ and/or 10 mM Met. The viability of the treated worms was screened over a three-day period by light microscopy and recorded as mortality rates (MR). The alterations in the ultrastructure were verified using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Met showed significant anti-schistosomal activity against both adults and juveniles and resulted in severe tegumental damage in the form of loss of integrity and architecture, with evident vacuolation suggestive of increased autophagy. Met might be a potential drug either alone or as an adjuvant to PZQ for the treatment of schistosomiasis and warrant its further assessment in animal models of disease.
Genetic profile of isolated from the livestock and human in northwest Iran.
Arabloo S, Johkool MG, Mohammadi MA … +7 more , Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadi D, Harandi MF, Saraei M, Heydarian P, Badri M, Hajialilo E
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Mar · PMID 39975620 · Full text
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is categorized among the highly important zoonoses, occurring in many regions of the world. Iran is a significant endemic focus of CE, where it poses substantial economic and public health chal...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is categorized among the highly important zoonoses, occurring in many regions of the world. Iran is a significant endemic focus of CE, where it poses substantial economic and public health challenges to local communities. The current study aimed to identify the genotype and species profile of among the patients and livestock in Qazvin, Iran. A total of 80 hydatid cyst samples were collected from humans as well as farm animals including sheep, cattle, and goats. DNA extraction and PCR-sequencing were conducted targeting the mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 regions. Molecular phylogeny and haplotype network analysis was calculated for the isolates. Out of 79 evaluated samples, 97.5% belonged to G1 genotype and 2.5% to G3 genotype. The G1 genotype was present in all infected participants. Also, the study showed the G1 to be the most common genotype of among both the humans and the animals examined. Furthermore, our results emphasize on the importance of the sheep-dog cycle in public health.
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