Voprosy Pitaniia[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D in blood serum in different age groups of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra population].
Krivosheev VV, Kozlovsky IV, Nicitina LY … +1 more , Fedorov AV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214685 · Publisher ↗
Studies of the recent decades indicate the prevalence of insufficient blood vitamin D levels in the population of many regions of the Russian Federation, which varies significantly depending on the age of a person and th...
Studies of the recent decades indicate the prevalence of insufficient blood vitamin D levels in the population of many regions of the Russian Federation, which varies significantly depending on the age of a person and the season. of the research was to study the seasonal variability of vitamin D status in different age groups of the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. . Data on the vitamin D status of the population living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in 2020-2022 were obtained based on statistical processing of 31,595 impersonal measurements of calcidiol levels [total 25(OH) D and 25(OH)D] in the blood serum of residents of the Autonomous Okrug, carried out in the laboratories of INVITRO-Ural LLC using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. After rejection, the materials were divided into the following age groups: 0-11 months (n=320), 1-2 years (n=398), 3-6 years (n=881), 7-10 years (n=954), 11-14 years (n=1002), 15-17 years (n=861), 18-20 years (n=661), 21-24 years (n=1137), 25-30 years (n=1704), 31-40 years (n=8708), 41-50 years (n=5310), 51-60 years (n=3686), 61-70 years (n=1997), over 70 years (n=570). . In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, the highest serum concentration of 25(OH)D, which did not fall below 30 ng/ml during the year, was observed in infants (under one year of age). As age increased, serum calcidiol levels decreased in each age group (p<0.0001), and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased. The lowest mean serum calcidiol level (up to 12-14 ng/ml) was observed in the spring months in adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years. In higher age groups, vitamin D status increased gradually, but statistically significantly (p<0.0001). In middle-aged and elderly residents (30-70 years), the average calcidiol level did not fall below 22 ng/ml throughout all seasons, and in summer and autumn it was at a level of 26-29 ng/ml, close to sufficient (30 ng/ml). In residents over 70 years of age, vitamin D status was slightly lower than in the 61-70 age group in winter (p≤0.05), and did not differ in summer, but regardless of the season it was significantly higher (p≤0.001) than in adolescents and young adults. . The obtained results allow us to recommend vitamin D supplementation in moderate doses to middle-aged and elderly individuals who do not belong to risk groups during the period of detection of the lowest serum 25(OH)D level from December to May. Adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years need periodic screening of 25(OH)D level in blood serum throughout the year, especially in the winter and spring months, and vitamin D intake in doses that ensure maintenance of serum calcidiol at a level of at least 30 ng/ml.
[The experience of the Clinical and diagnostic center «Healthy nutrition» of Samara State Medical University in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in residents of the Samara region].
Sazonova OV, Gavryushin MY, Hamtsova RV … +3 more , Trubetskaya SR, Tupikova DS, Frolova OV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214684 · Publisher ↗
An urgent problem of modern healthcare is overweight and obesity, accompanied by many concomitant diseases. Negative trends in the health of the population and the growth of alimentary pathology puts domestic medicine in...
An urgent problem of modern healthcare is overweight and obesity, accompanied by many concomitant diseases. Negative trends in the health of the population and the growth of alimentary pathology puts domestic medicine in the front of the need to create units whose main task will be to provide specialized nutritional care and conduct sanitary and hygienic education among the population. . Evaluation of the effectiveness of the comprehensive programs of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of the Samara State Medical University in the prevention of non-communicable diseases in the population of the Samara region. . A retrospective analysis of the data of medical records of 2.271 patients of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of Samara State Medical University was carried out. Based on the anthropometric examination, the body mass index was calculated, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess the body composition. The assessment of the actual nutrition was carried out by an automated method using the computer program «Nutri-prof». . Among the examined, only 14% of patients had a normal body weight, in 27% of cases overweight was observed, in 56% - obesity of varying degrees at the start of diet therapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were found in 27% of cases with overweight, with obesity of the 3rd degree their prevalence increased more than twice in men and almost twice in women. Patients were recommended weight loss programs that include not only diet therapy, but also hardware techniques. Upon completion of the comprehensive body weight correction program, the number of patients of both sexes with normal body weight increased more than 4.5 times - from 14 to 66%. . The comprehensive weight loss program provided at the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of overweight, obesity, as well as in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
[Hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the Federal Project «Strengthening public health» in terms of forming a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the Omsk region in 2018-2023].
Menshchikova YV, Vilms EA, Turchaninov DV … +6 more , Kozubenko OV, Brusentsova AV, Turchaninova MS, Yunatskaya TA, Glagoleva ON, Chubarova AD
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214683 · Publisher ↗
In the Omsk region, which since 2019 has been one of the five pilot regions of Russia for the implementation of measures to promote healthy eating within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health»...
In the Omsk region, which since 2019 has been one of the five pilot regions of Russia for the implementation of measures to promote healthy eating within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography», experience has been accumulated that potentially allows us to assess the effectiveness of such measures within the framework of medium-term programs at the regional level, which is an urgent task. of the study: hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population of the Omsk region during the implementation of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health». . In 2018, a representative sample of the adult population aged 18-85 years (n=241) was formed, quota-based by gender, age, and area of residence; in 2023, a similar sample (n=506) was formed. All subjects were interviewed using a single questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, forms for studying the frequency of food consumption and 24-hour food reproduction, a block of questions concerning the assessment of knowledge and practices in the field of healthy eating and the construction of a daily diet. . In 2023, compared to 2018, the proportion of the population with energy consumption above the physiological requirement decreased from 42.7 to 37.2% (p<0.01). The median consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, transisomers of fatty acids decreased significantly, while the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber increased (p≤0.0003). There was a significant increase in the consumption of vitamins B1, C, magnesium, potassium, while the amount of vitamins D, В2, biotin, choline, calcium, and zinc in the diet decreased. An improvement in the level of knowledge and practices of the adult population of the region in the field of healthy nutrition was revealed. . The results indicate the successful implementation of measures to form a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the region within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography» in certain areas. Priority problems of population nutrition for correction in the near future have been identified. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population can be used to improve preventive activities at the regional level.
[Main results of nutrition monitoring of school-age children implemented within the framework of the Federal Project "Public Health Improvement" of the National Project "Demography"].
Popova AY, Shevkun IG, Novikova II … +1 more , Romanenko SP
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214682 · Publisher ↗
One of the foundations of the state national security is the health of the younger generation. The leading role in its formation belongs to the educational process, an indispensable element of which is nutrition. Given t...
One of the foundations of the state national security is the health of the younger generation. The leading role in its formation belongs to the educational process, an indispensable element of which is nutrition. Given the importance of adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition, nutrition monitoring carried out by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in cooperation with the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety within the framework of the federal project "Public Health Improvement" of the national project "Demography" is of particular importance. of the research was to assess the nutritional characteristics of school-age children for the development of scientifically based management decisions in health care. . Within the framework of the study, a large-scale interviewing of 3 groups of respondents was conducted in 85 subjects of the Russian Federation: school administrators (more than 16 thousand), catering operators (more than 2400), students in grades 2, 5, and 10, and their parents/legal representatives (more than 650 thousand). . Positive changes in the organization of catering have been noted, including an increased range of healthy food and dishes in 66.3% of schools, positive changes in the dietary regime in 25.5% of schools and improved eating conditions in 36.8% of organisations. On the positive side, changes in schoolchildren's eating habits have been revealed: the proportion of children consuming fruit and vegetables daily has increased (from 52.2% in 2021 to 60.6% in 2024, and from 33.2 to 45.1%, respectively, p<0.05); the number of children adding salt to their food and adding more than 2 tablespoons of sugar to drinks has decreased (from 14.1 to 12.7%, and from 21.3 to 15.6%, respectively, p<0.05). . Based on the results of the monitoring of schoolchildren's nutrition and taking into account the identified peculiarities of children's diet and health, recommendations were developed for the prevention of nutrition-related health disorders among schoolchildren in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation that participated in the monitoring, and a roadmap for improving children's nutrition was developed, including measures related to children's nutrition in the family and at school.
[Current issues of regulation of contaminants in food].
Khamidulina KK, Tarasova EV, Proskurina AS … +2 more , Nazarenko AK, Dorofeeva EV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214681 · Publisher ↗
In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance w...
In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union, but also to harmonize food quality and safety standards with international ones. of the work was to identify priorities for the development or revision of characteristics and parameters of food safety and quality in the Russian Federation, taking into account global trends. . The comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union, documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Codex Alimentarius, national and international databases on the toxicity and danger of chemicals has been carried out. As part of the study, a search of literature for the last 8 years was performed using Elsevier, eLIBRARY, PubMed bibliographic platforms. . Traditionally, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is most concerned about the regulation of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and chemicals entering food as a result of technological processes. The management of the danger and risk of exposure to contaminants in food is based on the establishment and updating of hygienic standards, including the maximum permissible levels of residual content, (temporary) permissible daily doses of consumption, permissible levels of migration from containers and packaging, prohibition and (or) restriction of the use of highly hazardous chemicals, their replacement with safer alternatives, changing technological processes. . A comparative analysis showed that despite the active actions of Rospotrebnadzor to develop new standards, hygienic regulations and guidelines for the control of contaminants, harmonization with international requirements is needed in a number of areas based on fundamental research in the field of hygiene and nutrition science. The standards for the permissible lead content in food and the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of a number of pesticides in agricultural crops require updating. In addition, activities under the Rotterdam Convention's prior informed consent procedure indicate the need for timely and relevant decisions on the prohibition or restriction of particularly hazardous chemicals and pesticides.
[External factors contributing to the development of constitutional exogenous obesity in children].
Dzhumagaziev AA, Shilina NM, Bezrukova DA … +3 more , Otto NY, Sosinovskaya EV, Filipchuk AV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214680 · Publisher ↗
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with excessive deposition of adipose tissue, accompanied by impaired organism metabolic functions and changes in the function of organs and systems. Childhood obesity is of...
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with excessive deposition of adipose tissue, accompanied by impaired organism metabolic functions and changes in the function of organs and systems. Childhood obesity is of particular concern, which in many cases turns into obesity in adults. The most common is simple (constitutionally exogenous, polygenic, idiopathic) obesity associated with excessive intake of calories in conditions of physical inactivity and hereditary predisposition. of the research was to analyze the literature data on the influence of external factors on the development of constitutionally exogenous obesity in children. . 84 literature sources were analyzed, keyword (children, obesity, risk factors) searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. The preference was given to the sources compiled from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine with a high level of reliability and evidence (meta-analyses of cohort studies). . External risk factors for obesity development include 3 groups of factors: family and home environment factors (parents' attitude to breastfeeding, responsive, positiveemotion feeding while responding sensitively to the child's signals of hunger and satiety, fostering children's skills and culture of optimal, balanced nutrition, family traditions associated with sweet and salty foods and juices, portion sizes, fast or slow eating style, duration of screen time and sleep, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to secondhand smoke, psychosocial stress, depression, adverse childhood experiences, the use of medications associated with an increase in body weight, unfavorably altered intestinal microbiota), environmental factors (fast food outlets, an unfavorable school environment, lack of conditions for safe physical activity) and systemic and political factors (inequality of individual social groups regarding access to quality health services, education, safe food and water, which can lead to differences in health status, ranging from maternal pregnancy planning and outcomes to children's adolescence, marketing of high-calorie foods high in saturated fat, simple carbohydrates and table salt, and sugar-containing beverages aimed at children). . Obesity is a disease characteristic of modern society, the occurrence and development of which can be influenced by all the listed external risk factors. However most of these factors are manageable. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the role of these external risk factors is necessary to develop adequate methods for obesity prevention and use them in clinical practice.
[The role of nutrition in the prevention of bone metabolism disturbances in high performance sports].
Nikitina KI, Strelnikova TV, Vykhodets IT … +2 more , Abramova TF, Nikitina TM
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214679 · Publisher ↗
Modern professional sports activities are characterized by high training and competitive loads, which are a factor affecting bone metabolism and leading to an increase in injuries, including due to osteoporotic disorders...
Modern professional sports activities are characterized by high training and competitive loads, which are a factor affecting bone metabolism and leading to an increase in injuries, including due to osteoporotic disorders. Nutrition can be classified as a modifiable factor that determines the development and maintenance of bone mass and quality. Correction of athlete's nutrition is an important mechanism aimed at preventing disorders of bone metabolism in elite sports in order to reduce the risk of injuries of the musculoskeletal system. of the research was to analyze modern scientific publications devoted to the influence of the diet of adult athletes over 18 years of age on the maintenance of bone metabolism. . The review is based on publications from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY databases. Preference was given to international recommendations published over the past 10 years in refereed sources. . The review presents current data on the role of nutrition in maintaining the quantity and quality of bone mass, given that the process of skeletal formation requires an adequate and constant supply of macro- and micronutrients: protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, zinc, iron, vitamins A, C, K, E, B vitamins, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. An important place is given to nutrition balanced in macronutrient composition, designed taking into account energy needs that increase with intense physical activity, which is especially important given the negative impact of limited energy intake on bone metabolism, up to the development of osteoporosis. It is recommended to evaluate the athlete's diet to determine whether he or she is consuming sufficient amounts of essential nutrients that have a positive effect on bone metabolism, taking into account systematic physical activity. If necessary, it is recommended to introduce fortified foods and dietary supplements into the athletes' diet to increase its nutritional value. . A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, aimed at preventing a de crease in bone mineral density, is necessary for an athlete throughout the entire period of professional activity, in some cases in combination with vitamin D, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus intake.
[Bioimpedance analysis in sports and clinical practice: the influence of alternative measurement conditions on body composition indicators].
Vybornaya KV, Nikityuk DB
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 40214678 · Publisher ↗
There is a number of standard conditions that must be followed during preparation and during the procedure of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the results of body composition estimating to be correct. This is b...
There is a number of standard conditions that must be followed during preparation and during the procedure of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the results of body composition estimating to be correct. This is because many biological and non-biological factors influence the accuracy of the results. In the conditions of sports camps, fitness centers and in some groups of patients, it is impossible to carry out measurements in compliance with all standard conditions. Practicing researchers and clinicians should be aware of exactly what changes occur in body composition indicators under alternative measurement conditions. of the research was to identify which indicators change in the body composition protocol when certain standard conditions of bioimpedance measurement are not met and whether measurements taken in violation of one of the standard measurement conditions can be considered correct, i.e. in alternative conditions. . 35 literature sources were analyzed, keyword searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier and eLibrary databases. . After aerobic and anaerobic exercise, when changing the standard position of the electrode on the lower limb [the measuring (sensor) electrode is moved from the articulation line of the tarsal joint (ventral position) to the Achilles tendon (dorsal position)], when changing the body position from «lying» to «standing», as well as after 1000 ml saline intravenous administration, the indicators of body resistance and the proportion of body fat significantly decrease, and the indicators of total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass significantly increase. Opposite trends in the change in indicators were obtained after drinking water, food intake, donating blood in a volume of 480 ml, when using bioadhesive electrodes with a small contact surface (adjacent area), during a long-term (60-240 min) study on an empty stomach, as well as after consuming anhydrous caffeine in capsules (200 mg, without dissolution in water, 60 min), caffeine as a drink, and black tea with sugar: body resistance and the proportion of body fat increased significantly, while total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly. All the obtained changes in body resistance and body composition indicators observed after violating one of the standard measurement conditions (except for studies assessing the effect of physical activity) were equated to the error of the BIA, as well as to the differences obtained when measuring on different devices. . It is considered acceptable to perform BIA with a violation of one of the standard measurement conditions if another measurement is impossible, with the exception of performing BIA after physical exercise.
[Improving the technology for obtaining an ingredient with probiotic properties using a new complex proteolytic enzyme preparation].
Kuksova EV, Kostyleva EV, Sereda AS … +3 more , Toloknova AA, Fursova EA, Volkova GS
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563157 · Publisher ↗
The development of technologies for producing bacterial concentrates and enzyme preparations using domestic microbial strains is an urgent task. The use of whey protein hydrolysates as components of nutrient media for pr...
The development of technologies for producing bacterial concentrates and enzyme preparations using domestic microbial strains is an urgent task. The use of whey protein hydrolysates as components of nutrient media for probiotic bacteria consortia for the cultivation of lactic acid and bifidobacteria makes it possible to improve and develop innovative processes for obtaining bacterial concentrates with the required functional properties for the production of dietary supplements. A consortium of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid and bifidobacteria) was created in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology as a starter culture for specialized dairy products. Using strain Aspergillus oryzae 21-154 LAP a new complex enzyme preparation with a laboratory name Protoorizin LAP has been obtained providing the extensive hydrolysis of protein substrates. of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the new domestic proteolytic enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing whey-based nutrient media for culturing a consortium of probiotic microorganisms to obtain bacterial concentrates. . The object of the research was a symbiotic consortium, including lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Д-16, Lactobacillus plantarum 578/25, Lactobacillus helveticus 842(D)-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis М-12, Streptococcus thermophilus В-92) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum Б-2). Unclarified curd whey and whey protein concentrate were taken as the nutrient medium basis. The media were treated with β-galactosidase to reduce the lactose content. In order to hydrolyze proteins, the control culture medium was treated with commercial preparations: serine protease - Alcalase® 2.4 L and leucine aminopeptidase - Flavourzyme® 1000 L. In the experimental medium, two imported preparations were replaced with a laboratory sample of the enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP. In the prepared nutrient media, the content of amine nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein was determined, and electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides was carried out. The consortium growth was monitored by the content of dry substances and reducing sugars, by active and titratable acidity, as well as by microscopy. The number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria at the end of fermentation and in the resulting bacterial concentrates were determined by sieving on the appropriate selective agar media using an automatic colony counter. . The effectiveness of Protoorizin LAP in the hydrolysis of whey proteins significantly exceeded the result of the combined action of Alcalase® 2.4 L and Flavourzyme® 1000 L both in terms of reducing the undigested protein content, including immunogenic fractions, and in terms of the yield of soluble protein, amine nitrogen and amino acids. The nutrient media obtained using proteases ensured good growth and development of the probiotic consortium. Due to the high content of free amino acids, the dynamics of carbohydrate consumption, titratable acidity, and the number of viable cells were higher in the medium obtained using Protoorizin LAP than when using commercial preparations. At the same time, a high titer of probiotic strains and good cultural and morphological characteristics were obtained on all media. The experimental preparation Protoorizin LAP provided the increase in viability of bacterial cells after lyophilization. . The technological method that include application of the new proteolytic preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing nutrient media based on whey proteins was developed. The method can be used in the technology of producing bacterial concentrates at the stage of culturing of the created lactic acid and bifidobacteria consortium. The bacterial concentrate can be recommended as a recipe ingredient in the manufacture of dietary supplements or foods for special dietary uses containing probiotics.
[Comparison of the nutritional structure of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the most significant nutrition patterns for health].
Goncharov AA, Pilipenko VI, Isakov VA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563156 · Publisher ↗
Impaired nutritional patterns in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are considered to be one of the causes of the disease, with certain types of nutrition having a pronounced protective effect on the...
Impaired nutritional patterns in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are considered to be one of the causes of the disease, with certain types of nutrition having a pronounced protective effect on the incidence of NAFLD. of the study was to compare in detail the nutritional characteristics of Russian patients with NAFLD compared with hepatoprotective dietary patterns (Mediterranean, vegetarian diet, DASH diet). . As the research material, data from the examination of 613 patients of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, obtained in the period from 2021 to 2023, were used. The assessment of the stage of liver steatosis and fibrosis was carried out using vibration-controlled transient elastography. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the NAFLD group (n=367) and the control group (n=205), and pairs (n=77) of these groups were formed by gender, age and BMI. Nutrition was assessed using a semi-quantitative method of analyzing food consumption over the previous 1 month. Consumption of food groups by the studied groups was compared with intake in dietary patterns associated with reduced risk of NAFLD. . Analysis of the consumption of food groups in the diets of patients with NAFLD along with patients from the control group showed that their intake differed from the recommended levels of consumption according to the healthy eating pyramid and protective dietary patterns for NAFLD with lower consumption of milk and dairy products (Me=0.8-1.1 vs 1.8-4.2 cups/day), legumes (Me=0.16-1.19 vs 1.5-7.5 cups/day), vegetable oils [Me=7.0 g/day in patients with NAFLD and Me=5.0 g/day in patients from the control group (p=0.04) vs 24.0-40.0 g/day], fish and seafood (Me=6.2-6.6 vs 6.3-17.6 ounces/week), vegetables (Me=1.9-2.0 vs 2.5-4.0 cups/day), nuts and seeds (Me=3.5 vs 4.5-11.1 ounces/day), excessive consumption of products from the «meat, poultry, eggs» group (Me=3.0-4.1 vs 0.4-3.6 ounces/day), and corresponded to these recommendations in terms of the consumption of fruit and cereals (at the expense of white brea d and bakery products). . Patients with NAFLD need to change the structure of habitual nutrition, including through the introduction of foods for special dietary uses capable of replenishing the missing nutrients in their diet, which have a protective effect against NAFLD.
[Modern approaches to studying child nutrition issues by students and doctors using digital interactive technologies].
Legonkova TI, Rodina SA, Kildiyarova RR … +1 more , Shpakovskaya KS
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563155 · Publisher ↗
Digital interactive learning is spreading across many medical specialties, using a variety of methods: from problem-solving simulators to standardized patients, from computer modeling to mannequins. of the study was to...
Digital interactive learning is spreading across many medical specialties, using a variety of methods: from problem-solving simulators to standardized patients, from computer modeling to mannequins. of the study was to analyze innovative approaches to independent work when studying issues of child nutrition by pediatric students and practicing doctors. . The pediatric simulator, developed by the Higher School of Education and Science in collaboration with the teaching staff of seven medical universities in Russia, allows you to train and test students in conditions close to real ones, and to reinforce the issues of child nutrition. An analysis of the effectiveness of organizing online education among students (n=150, 15.7% boys, 85.3% girls, average age - 20.0±1.4 years; duration - February-May 2020) of the 3rd year of Sechenov and Smolensk Medical Universities was carried out using a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Using Google forms, the questionnaire was created with questions regarding the respondents' attitude towards distance learning. The effectiveness of distance learning on the studied simulator was analyzed for 84 students (n=48 - main group, n=36 - control group), a case analysis was carried out with the prescription of the diet therapy to a virtual patient with the lactase deficiency. . In two modes of the program (training and testing) the imitation of a dialogue with a virtual 3D patient, examination, diagnosis and treatment, including diet therapy were implemented. A number of diet therapy algorithms are presented in additional illustrations. The use of a children's simulator with a 10-point assessment system showed greater effectiveness in mastering practical skills in the main group compared to the control group. The students who mastered the digital simulator indicated satisfaction in acquiring new knowledge and skills, increased motivation to learn and gain practical skills in examination, supervision and prescription of the diet therapy, approaching 6-9 points (р=0.005). For the control group, the questionnaire showed consistently low results (p<0.05). Analysis of the prescription of the diet therapy in a situational task showed good and excellent results for all students of the main group. . The interactive digital simulator has shown high efficiency in training future pediatricians. Clinical cases help develop practical skills and build professional competencies, including child nutrition issues.
[Dairy kitchens in besieged Leningrad (1941-1944)].
Tverdyukova ED
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563154 · Publisher ↗
Retrospective analysis of medical and organizational problems of food supply in besieged Leningrad is important for the development of the principles of population nutrition in extreme situations. of the paper was to ch...
Retrospective analysis of medical and organizational problems of food supply in besieged Leningrad is important for the development of the principles of population nutrition in extreme situations. of the paper was to characterize the work of dairy kitchens that provided nutrition to infants in Leningrad during the blockade years (1941-1944) on the basis of documentary data. . The study was prepared on the materials of the archives of St. Petersburg, considered from the position of the social history of medicine, which is centered on the study of medical practice. . In the blockaded Leningrad under the conditions of food, electricity, and water supply shortages, there was a forced abandonment of a number of principles of infant feeding generally recognized by the pediatricians. Almost all infants born in the blockade ring were transferred to artificial feeding with the release of infant formula through milk kitchens. In conditions of food shortages, children under the age of three were also provided with centralized milk products. The activities of the staff of the milk kitchens were carried out in close contact with doctors of regional children's consultations and specialists of the Leningrad Pediatric Institute, who developed issues of rational nutrition for infants. During the blockade years, the formulae developed before the war were generally retained, but due to the lack of dairy resources, vegetable products were used as substitutes. As the food situation in the city improved, doctors and milk kitchens reverted to pre-war recipes, especially for infant nutrition. The products of the milk kitchens were subject to constant supervision by sanitary physicians. Laboratory tests indicated that, in terms of basic microbiological indicators, infant formulae were generally safe and differed slightly from those produced before the war. . In blockaded Leningrad (especially during the winter of 1941/1942), the products of dairy kitchens served, as a rule, as the only source of nutrition for infants. Despite a number of organizational difficulties and abuse of workers, the preservation of the network of milk kitchens, centralized supply of milk and formula through them, and expansion of the contingents attached to them justified themselves.
[Identification of meldonium in the urine of volunteers using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after consumption of milk of cows treated with a preventive course of the veterinary drug Emidonol].
Postnikov PV, Polosin AV, Mochalova ES … +3 more , Ordzhonikidze ZG, Nikityuk DB, Tutelyan VA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563153 · Publisher ↗
Emidonol is a Russian antioxidant drug, widely used in veterinary medicine both for prophylactic purposes and under pathological conditions associated with oxygen deficiency. The product of its biotransformation in anima...
Emidonol is a Russian antioxidant drug, widely used in veterinary medicine both for prophylactic purposes and under pathological conditions associated with oxygen deficiency. The product of its biotransformation in animals is meldonium, which is a metabolic modulator and has been included on the Prohibited List by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2016. In the presented research, volunteers once consumed samples of milk from cows that had undergone a 15-day course of the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10%, obtained from one of the farms in the Moscow region. of our research was to study the possibility of qualitative determination of meldonium in urine samples after drinking a large amount of milk using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and to assess duration of urinary excretion of the prohibited in sport metabolism modulator in accordance with WADA identification criteria. . Milk samples were collected from the cows on the 15th (last) day of the injection course of the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10%. Urine samples from volunteers, collected before and within 48 hours after a single intake of 900 ml of fresh cow's milk have been examined. The volunteers (n=4, aged 35-52 years, body weight 65-93 kg, gender was not taken into account) had not previously taken meldonium, any dietary supplements, as well as milk, dairy and meat products within 4-5 days before submitting a blank sample and during the study. Sample preparation of urine specimens was carried out using the "dilute and shoot" method. The HPLC-MS/MS was used for analysis. Meldonium identification was carried out in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode using the following transitions and collision energies: 147.1>147.1 (15), 147.1>132.1 (17), 147.1>59.1 (17), 147.1>58.1 (17), 147.1>42.1 (60). . It was found that meldonium is reliably determined in urine samples of volunteers after 12 hours when identified by HPLC-MS/MS using the 5 abovementioned SRM transitions, and for 36-40 hours using the transitions 147.1>59.1 (17), 147.1>58.1 (17) after a single consumption of 900 ml of milk. The peak concentrations occur at 5-10 hours after administration (estimated concentration in urine from 160 to 400 ng/ml) with a subsequent decrease to 2.5-5 ng/ml and below after 36-40 hours. The excretion profiles of the prohibited modulator in urine are presented. . The principal possibility of qualitative determination of meldonium in urine samples of volunteers over 36-40 hours with a single consumption of large quantities of milk from cows that have undergone a course of treatment with the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10% was demonstrated.
[Rats' reproductive function under toxic load against the background of protein deficiency].
Shestakova SI, Stankevich AA, Kotova DS … +4 more , Trebukh MD, Nikitin NS, Sadykova EO, Tyshko NV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563152 · Publisher ↗
Safety assessment approaches of novel food, currently adopted in the Russian Federation, imply mandatory in vivo reproductive toxicity tests with the study of reproductive function and offspring development in order to o...
Safety assessment approaches of novel food, currently adopted in the Russian Federation, imply mandatory in vivo reproductive toxicity tests with the study of reproductive function and offspring development in order to obtain comprehensive evidence of the absence of distant adverse effects that may manifest only in the next generation. Comprehensive study of reproductive function, pre- and postnatal offspring development, as a rule, includes the research of a large number of parameters, all of which has a wide range of physiological fluctuations, and the heterogeneous distribution of some parameters' values complicates the interpretation of the results. of the study was to investigate the efficiency of a reduced adaptive potential model in rats, based on decreased diet protein intake, for the use in reproductive toxicity experiments. . The research lasting 155 days was carried out on rats of F0 (180 females and 90 males) and F1 (773 pups, 456 fetuses) generations. Animals of parental generation F0 were divided into 3 groups - control, the 1st and the 2nd test groups, 30 males and 60 females in each. The initial age of F0 rats was 28-35 days. Animals of all groups during growth and sexual maturation (25-90 days of life) received a diet with reduced protein content (9.4 g per 100 g of diet, which is 9% in calorie value). After reaching the age of physiological maturity (100 days) rats were transferred to a diet with lower protein content (6.1 g per 100 g of diet, 6% in calorie value), and received this diet during mating, pregnancy and feeding of F1 offspring. The rats of the test groups received with feed the model herbicide glyphosate (isopropylamine salt, concentration 360 g/l) at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body weight (6% of LD50): the 1st test group - from day 70 of life, the 2nd test group - from day 30 of life throughout the duration of the experiment. Reproductive function was evaluated by the fertility of F0 animals and by the character of prenatal and postnatal development of F1 offspring. . The toxic factor's influence on the background of reduced protein supply did not lead to complex changes in the reproductive function of rats, the test groups differed from the control group only by the post-implantation loss and the mean litter size in the postnatal period: post-implantation loss in the 1st and the 2nd test groups was higher than normal, exceeding the value of this indicator in the control group (4.7±1.6%) by 3.1 (p<0.05) и 2.2 (р>0.05) times; the mean litter size in the 1st and the 2nd test groups was by 15.8 and 21.3% (р<0.05) lower than in the control group. Survival rate of offspring during the 1st month of life in all groups was at least 72%, which corresponds to the lower limit of the norm characteristic for Wistar rats. . The use of the alimentary model of adaptation potential reduction based on diet protein deficiency does not consider appropriate in reproductive toxicity studies, since it does not increase either the severity of the reaction to toxic effects or the reliability of the results obtained. This model can be recommended for subacute toxicological studies of low-toxicity objects, in particular, when assessing the safety of novel food.
[Analysis of the influence of enzyme preparations produced using technological microorganisms on the microbiome and cellular immunity of rats].
Bagryantseva OV, Gureu ZG, Gmoshinski IV … +9 more , Sheveleva SA, Markova YM, Zotov VA, Trushina EN, Shumakova AA, Sokolov IE, Kolobanov AI, Elizarova EV, Khotimchenko SA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563151 · Publisher ↗
The observed increase in the production of enzyme preparations (EP) using mutant and genetically modified microorganisms makes it necessary to assess their risks to consumer health. However, at present, their possible in...
The observed increase in the production of enzyme preparations (EP) using mutant and genetically modified microorganisms makes it necessary to assess their risks to consumer health. However, at present, their possible influence on the microbiome, immune status of the macroorganism has not been sufficiently studied. of the research was to assess the effect of two EP - the complex of hydrolases with proteolytic and nuclease activity from the Aspergillus oryzae RCAM 01134 mutant strain (EP1) and the neutral protease - bacillolysin and serine protease from the Bacillus subtilis-96 (VKM B-3499D) mutant strain (FP2) on the intestine microbiome and cellular immunity indices of the experimental animals. . The experiment on the subacute toxicity of EP1 and EP2 was carried out for 30 days using Wistar rats (7 groups of 10 males each). EP was administered to animals intragastrically in doses 0 (control - saline solution); 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day. The composition of the cecum microbiocenosis was studied by inoculating tenfold dilutions of the cecum contents on the differential diagnostic media. The quantitative content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA - acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valerianic acids) in the colon contents was determined by highperformance gas chromatography. The expression of T- and B-lymphocyte and NK-cell receptors (CD45RА, CD3, CD161, CD3CD4, CD3CD8) in rat peripheral blood was determined using an FC-500 flow cytometer. . The data obtained as a result of the microbiocenosis studies of the cecum contents indicate that EP1 and EP2 administration had a reliable effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of aerobic microorganisms, including opportunistic microorganisms, as well as it lead to a weak increase in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The development of an inflammatory process in animals of all experimental groups have been caused by the changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of various groups of microorganisms in the cecum contents, SCFA level in the faeces and indicators of cellular immunity under intragastric administration of FP1 and FP2 for 30 days. . The revealed difference in the composition of the cecum microbiocenosis, SCFAs produced by the intestinal microflora, and the cellular immunity indices of the experimental animals under EP1 and EP2 administration, in our opinion, is due to the spectrum of metabolites produced by the intestinal microflora, as well as strains of Aspergillus oryzae RCAM 01134 and Bacillus subtilis-96 (VKM B-3499D). The features of the relationship between the spectrum of SCFAs produced by the intestinal microflora, their quantity and the percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of rats indicate different mechanisms of the influence of EP1 and EP2 on the microbiome and immune status of the macroorganism.
[Unprocessed red meat consumption in the general working-age population: sociodemographic, behavioral and health-related determinants].
Kaveshnikov VS, Trubacheva IA, Serebryakova VN
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563150 · Publisher ↗
Anunbalanced diet, specifically excessive unprocessed red meat (RM) consumption, plays significant role in development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Modern research indicates excessive consumption of unprocessed...
Anunbalanced diet, specifically excessive unprocessed red meat (RM) consumption, plays significant role in development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Modern research indicates excessive consumption of unprocessed red meat (RM) in the Russian population. There are reports of relationships between RM consumption and some factors, but it hasn't been sufficiently studied. of the research was to study unprocessed RM intake and its relationship to socio-demographic, behavioral and medical factors in general population. . In the ESSE-RF cross-sectional study, data from 1.600 participants randomly sampled from unorganized population of 25-64 years old (59% women), average age 45.0±0.5 and 47.2±0.4 years for men and women, respectively, were studied. Standard questionnaire was used. Frequency of RM consumption was presented in 4 ranked categories from "do not use/rarely" to "daily/almost daily". Associative analysis included socio-demographic, behavioral and health-related variables. Descriptive statistics, single- and multivariable ordinal regression were used. . 52.1% of men and 41.9% of women consumed RM daily (p<0.001), one third of all - 1-2 times a week (p=0.737), 11.5% of men and 22.5% of women - 1-2 times a month or less (p<0.001). Odds for higher RM consumption were higher in men (OR=1.67; p<0.001). In men RM intake didn't vary with age (p=0.796). Highest RM intake in women was observed at the age of 35-44 years, comparatively lower at 25-34 (OR=0.70; p=0.076), 45-54 (OR=0.63; p=0.012) and 55-64 years old (OR=0.42; p<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, prosperity level (women), physically active work, marital status, living in own housing showed a direct, whereas presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (women) and walking >=45 min - inverse association with RM consumption, accordingly. . With age, the frequency of RM consumption was relatively constant in men and decreased in women after 45 years. The frequency of RM consumption was directly correlated with male gender, physical activity during work, marital status (married/common-law marriage), residence in one's own house, income level (for women) and inversely correlated with walking >=45 min during free time. Less frequent RM consumption in women was associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. No independent associations with chronic alimentary diseases and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has been found. The data obtained indicate the need to increase public awareness concerning the role of RM in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, and to develop tools reducing RM intake and increasing share of other protein sources in the diet.
[Long-term and seasonal dynamics of vitamin D supply indicators for the population of the Western Siberia region].
Vilms EA, Turchaninov DV, Menshchikova YV … +2 more , Dobrovolskaya EV, Storozhenko AV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563149 · Publisher ↗
Despite the active study of vitamin D, today the problem of its insufficient supply remains relevant both in Russia and throughout the world. In our country, the situation is affected by the geographical, climatic, as we...
Despite the active study of vitamin D, today the problem of its insufficient supply remains relevant both in Russia and throughout the world. In our country, the situation is affected by the geographical, climatic, as well as ethnic and cultural characteristics of each region. It is of interest to assess the temporal and territorial characteristics of the population's sufficiency. of the study was to analyze long-term and intra-annual dynamics of vitamin D status among residents of the Western Siberia region for the correction of prevention programs. . An analysis of the vitamin D status in the residents of Western Siberia, located at 53-58° northern latitude, was carried out. The study was carried out among adults aged 18 to 93 years, the median age was 49 [36; 62] years (n=2586). Vitamin D status was determined by the level of 25(OH)D in venous blood serum. The determination was carried out using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Study period - 2017-2023. . The results of the study demonstrate an improvement in vitamin D status in residents of Omsk region in dynamics. This is manifested in a decrease in the proportion of people with deficiency from 41.6±1.6% in 2017-2019 to 33.5±1.7% in the period 2022-2023 (p<0.001) and an increase in the proportion of the examined with optimal sufficiency from 26.7±1.4 to 38.2±1.8% (p<0.001). An obvious dependence of vitamin D serum level on the month of the year has been established: low values were noted in the winter and spring months with a minimum in March (18.4 [12.1; 27.9] ng/ml). . Seasonal variations are an important factor influencing 25(OH)D blood level. The decrease in the proportion of individuals with deficiency states most likely indicates an increase in vitamin D intake from food or supplements, which requires further study.
[The effect of intaking a new sport food on milk and fruit basis on blood biochemical indicators and antioxidant status in athletes].
Sinyavskiy YA, Tuigunov DN, Kapysheva UN … +8 more , Bakhtiyarova SK, Sarsembayev KS, Zhunussova GS, Omarov YN, Bekmanov BO, Zhaksymov BI, Makashev EE, Junussova AB
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563148 · Publisher ↗
The problem of developing special food with targeted medical and biological properties is a pressing issue not only for sports medicine, but also for nutrition science. of the research was to provide a medical and biolo...
The problem of developing special food with targeted medical and biological properties is a pressing issue not only for sports medicine, but also for nutrition science. of the research was to provide a medical and biological justification for the development and to evaluate the effectiveness of using new sport food (SF) in the form of a bar. . The milk-fruit bar was developed on the basis of dry goat milk, dry whey, fruit and berry and grain raw materials, hydrolysate and isolate of plant and animal proteins, vitamin premix, as well as dry cultures of lacto- and bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum BB79, Streptococcus lactis SL215, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA72 (in a 1:1:1 ratio). The assessment of the effectiveness of a SF was carried out on 2 groups of professional athletes involved in martial arts (MMA), Greco-Roman wrestling, triathlons and pentathlon. 42 athletes were included in the control group and 46 athletes were included in the main group. Athletes in the main group consumed 4 milk-fruit bars (120 g) daily in addition to their basic diet, while athletes in the control group received placebo bars equivalent in calorie value (150 g). The complex examination before and after a 21-day training cycle, in combination with SF intake, included the study of body composition, hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit) and biochemical studies (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, lactate) as well as studying the antioxidant status of athletes [malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) in blood serum]. . On the 21st day of SF intake, the cholesterol level decreased by 14.5-18.9% (p<0.05) in individuals involved in Greco-Roman wrestling, MMA and triathlon, in athletes involved in pentathlon - by 11.3% (p>0.05) compared to the initial level in blood plasma. Lactate level also lowered in athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling and triathlon by 14.2-28.3% (p<0.05), in other sports - by 12.2-17.6% (p>0.05). At the same time, these indicators did not change significantly in athletes from the control group. In addition, the lactate level in triathletes at the end of the study was 23.2% lower compared to the level in athletes from the control group (p<0.05). SF intake led to the decrease (p<0.05) in blood serum of athletes involved in the presented sports of MDA level by 20.0-27.9% (except for triathletes) and of DC - by 14.3-48.5% (except for athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling). In athletes of the control group after taking a placebo bar, the level of MDA significantly decreased by 20.0% only in individuals involved in MMA. . The developed SF can be recommended for nutrition of athletes involved in various sports.
[Comparative assessment of the basal metabolic rate in athletes with different level of physical activity based on prediction equations].
Radjabkadiev RM, Vybornaya KV, Sokolov AI … +1 more , Nikityuk DB
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563147 · Publisher ↗
The use of laboratory methods for assessing energy expenditure in athletes requires the availability of appropriate equipment and trained personnel, which is very difficult in the context of everyday sports activities. T...
The use of laboratory methods for assessing energy expenditure in athletes requires the availability of appropriate equipment and trained personnel, which is very difficult in the context of everyday sports activities. Therefore, the use of predictive equations that most accurately reflect energy expenditure is of paramount importance for developing dietary and recovery recommendations for athletes. of this research was to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of highly skilled athletes obtained using predictive equations. . The results of the examination of 180 elite athletes, members of the Russian national teams in four sports (shooting, biathlon, bobsleigh, snowboarding), of both sexes (107 men and 73 women aged 18 to 30 years), conducted in the morning, on an empty stomach, 10-12 hours after training, were analyzed during the pre-competition period of sports training. BMR was assessed using the InBody 720 bioimpedance analyzer (Katch-McArdle formula) and calculated using Mifflin-St Jeor, Cunningham, De Lorenzo and Harris-Benedict predictive equations. Lean body mass (LBM) was determined using an InBody 720 bioimpedance analyzer and calculated using Boer, Hume and James predictive equations. . When assessing the BMR in athletes, the lowest values were obtained using the Katch-McArdle equation which is built into the InBody 720 analyzer. The highest values for men were obtained using the De Lorenzo equation, they exceeded the calculated values obtained using the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor and Katch-McArdle equations by 3.9-15.5% (p<0.05). In the female groups, the highest BMR values were obtained using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation; they exceeded the data calculated according to the Katch-McArdle, Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equations by 13.8-30.8% (p<0.05). The Cunningham formula, which is used to calculate the BMR based on the LBM, showed significantly higher values compared to the Katch-McArdle formula (p<0.05), the differences were about 180 kcal for the male groups and about 160 kcal for the female groups. In male athletes, the lowest LBM values were obtained using the Hume equation. These values were significantly lower (р<0.05) than the results of LBM calculation using the Boer and James equations (by 5.4-8.3%), as well as when assessing LBM using the InBody 720 analyzer (by 7.1-7.7%). In female sports groups, the lowest LBM values were obtained using the hardware method, while calculations using predictive equations showed higher values (the maximum LBM values using the Boer equation), but the differences were not statistically significant. . When using prediction equations to assess the BMR in athletes of different specializations, it should be taken into account that the results may differ by 3.9-15.5% when assessed in male groups and by 13.8-30.8% in female groups. Since the BMR is the starting point for calculating an athlete's needs for nutrients and energy, it is recommended to use equations that take into account body composition, namely the content of LBM, or use a bioimpedance analyzer. BMT can also be calculated using prediction equations if a body composition analyzer is not available, but it should be taken into account that there are differences between the measured and calculated values of this indicator.
[Protective effect of soy proteins under excessive amount of fats in the diet of rats].
Ivanova GT
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39563146 · Publisher ↗
Excessive fat intake causes the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Our studies have shown that soy proteins in the diet improve vascular reactivity in rats with a high-salt dietary load and renal dysfunction. We hyp...
Excessive fat intake causes the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Our studies have shown that soy proteins in the diet improve vascular reactivity in rats with a high-salt dietary load and renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that the introduction of soy proteins into a high-fat diet (HFD) can prevent or reduce vascular dysfunction. of the study was to test the hypothesis about the possible protective effect of soy protein isolate on endothelium-dependent dilation of the mesenteric arteries of male Wistar rats receiving an excess amount of fat in the diet. . The study used 3 groups of 20 rats, weighing 220-240 g. The HFD group received a diet containing 50% fat (by calorie value) and 20% casein, HFD + Soy group received a diet containing 50% fat and 20% soy isolate SUPRO-760, the control group - a standard casein diet. After 8 weeks, the responses of mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine to acetylcholine (ACh) were studied in the absence and with the use of NO synthase (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), BKCa and Kv channel (tetraethylammonium) blockers, using microphoto- and video recording of the vessel diameter in vivo. . Compared with the standard diet, visceral fat mass increased by 54.6% in rats fed HFD and by 25.9% in rats fed HFD + Soy (p<0.01). In the HFD + Soy group, the increase in blood pressure was less than in the HFD group (p<0.01). Consumption of HFD + Soy prevented disorders typical of HFD, reducing glycemia and insulin resistance, normalizing lipid metabolism (p<0.05). Evaluation of the functional state of the mesenteric arteries (in vivo) showed that in the HFD + Soy group the amplitude of dilation on ACh remained close to the control group, whereas in the HFD group the suppression of ACh-induced relaxation was observed (by 19.8% (p<0.01). After blockade of NO synthase by incubation with L-NAME the magnitude of vasodilation on ACh decreased (p<0.001) in the HFD group by 47.0±7.4%, in the HFD + Soy group - by 68.2±6.6% and in the control group - by 68.9±5.6%. After incubation with L-NAME, indomethacin and tetraethylammonium, the amplitude of dilation on ACh in rats of the HFD and HFD + Soy groups was 1.5 fold greater (p<0.05) than in the control. The relaxation amplitude to sodium nitroprusside did not differ between the groups. . The introduction of soy proteins into a HFD prevents the development of impairs characteristic of MS: it reduces visceral obesity, improves the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and has a hypotensive effect. The protective effect of soy proteins on vascular reactivity in rats with excessive fat consumption was confirmed: the introduction of soy protein isolate into the diet leads to the prevention of endothelial dysfunction characteristic of HFD, preventing the disruption of NO-dependent vasodilation mechanisms. It is assumed that the positive effect of soy on vascular reactivity is mediated by maintaining NO synthesis by the endothelium, and may be associated with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of both proteins and isoflavonoids contained in soy.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe